The mystery behind the origin of the pain and the difficulty to propose methodologies for its quantitative characterization fascinated philosophers (and then scientists) from the dawn of our modern society. Nowadays, studying patterns of information flow in mesoscale activity of brain networks is a valuable strategy to offer answers in computational neuroscience. In this paper, complex network analysis was performed on the time-varying brain functional connectomes of a rat model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain, obtained by means of local field potential and spike train analysis. A wide range of topological network measures (14 in total, the code is publicly released at: https://github.com/biomedical-cybernetics/topological_measures_wide_analysis) was employed to quantitatively investigate the rewiring mechanisms of the brain regions responsible for development and upkeep of pain along time, from three hours to 16 days after nerve injury. The time trend (across the days) of each network measure was correlated with a behavioural test for rat pain, and surprisingly we found that the rewiring mechanisms associated with two local topological measure, the local-community-paradigm and the power-lawness, showed very high statistical correlations (higher than 0.9, being the maximum value 1) with the behavioural test. We also disclosed clear functional connectivity patterns that emerged in association with chronic pain in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and ventral posterolateral (VPL) nuclei of thalamus. This study represents a pioneering attempt to exploit network science models in order to elucidate the mechanisms of brain region re-wiring and engram formations that are associated with chronic pain in mammalians. We conclude that the local-community-paradigm is a model of complex network organization that triggers a local learning rule, which seems associated to processing, learning and memorization of chronic pain in the brain functional connectivity. This rule is based exclusively on the network topology, hence was named epitopological learning.

No description available.

Fehlendes Vertrauen des Mitarbeiters (Vertrauensgeber) in das Unternehmen (Vertrauensnehmer) können u.a. zu erhöhten Kontrollkosten oder einer höheren Wechselneigung führen. Dies führt zu negative Implikationen für das Unternehmen und begründet Investitionsbedarf. Als theoretisches Rahmenwerk für diese Herleitung dient die ökonomische Ethik. Das Unternehmen hat die Möglichkeit in die eigene Vertrauenswürdigkeit zu investieren und ist bemüht, entsprechende Signale dem Mitarbeiter zu senden. Beide Akteure sind mittels verschiedener Charakteristika zu beschreiben: Der Mitarbeiter ist u.a. verletzlich, da sein Vertrauen mit Risiko behaftet ist und er verbindet Erwartungen mit seinem Vertrauen. Das Unternehmen sieht sich mit situativen Konflikten konfrontiert, weil es die Verletzlichkeit zum eigenen Vorteil ausnutzen kann. Es stellt sich die Frage der glaubwürdigen Selbstbindung – also die Frage, wie das Unternehmen dem Mitarbeiter seine Vertrauenswürdigkeit signalisieren kann. Es wird ein Referenzmodell entwickelt, das zeigt, dass das Wertesystem und Regeln ausschlaggebend sind, da sie den Handlungsrahmen des Unternehmens definieren. Kodizes oder andere externe Mechanismen können die interne Selbstbindung extern verstärken. Das Referenzmodell wird angewandt auf das vertriebliche Bonussystem im Retailbanking.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Einführung 1.2 Problemstellung 1.3 Ziele und Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 2.1 Die ökonomische Ethik 2.1.1 Goldene Regel 2.1.2 Praktischer Syllogismus 2.1.3 Dilemma-Strukturen 2.1.4 Der unparteiische Beobachter 2.1.5 Spielzüge, -regeln und -verständnis 2.2 Handlungsakteure 3 Das Konzept „Vertrauen“ und seine Bedeutung 3.1 Vertrauen 3.1.1 Definition des Begriffs „Vertrauen“ 3.1.2 Formen des Vertrauens 3.1.3 Verwandte Konzepte 3.1.4 Vertrauenswürdigkeit 3.1.5 Vertrauensverlust – das Konzept der relevanten Inkonsistenzen 3.2 Die Akteure – Vertrauensgeber und –nehmer 3.3 Der Vertrauensprozess 3.4 Die Ökonomie des Vertrauens 3.4.1 Vorteile eines Vertrauensverhältnisses 3.4.2 Auswirkungen eines Vertrauensverlustes 3.5 Zwischenfazit: Vertrauen und Vertrauenswürdigkeit 4 Investitionen in die Vertrauenswürdigkeit – das Referenzmodell 4.1 Das Modell der kommunizierten, freiwilligen Selbstbindung 4.2 Von der Intention zur Kompetenz innerhalb des Unternehmens 4.2.1 Das Spielverständnis: Grundwerte formulieren 4.2.2 Die Spielregeln: Regeln und Prozesse aufstellen 4.2.3 Spielzüge: Handeln und führen 4.3 Selbstbindung durch externe Bedingungen 4.4 Kommunikation der freiwilligen Selbstbindung 4.5 Sanktionen 4.6 Zwischenfazit: Management von Vertrauenswürdigkeit 4.7 Organisatorische Verankerung 4.7.1 Möglichkeiten der Organisation 4.7.1.1 Implizit-kollektive Formen 4.7.1.2 Implizit-individuelle Formen 4.7.1.3 Explizit-kollektive Formen 4.7.1.4 Explizit-individuelle Formen 4.7.2 Zwischenfazit: Organisation von Vertrauen(swürdigkeit) 5 Das vertriebliche Bonussystem im Retailbanking als Beispiel für kommunizierte, freiwillige Selbstbindung 5.1 Die Bedeutung von Mitarbeitervertrauen in Banken 5.2 Das Vorgehen 5.3 Definition des Anwendungsbereichs 5.3.1 Retailbanking – Vertrieb 5.3.2 Kulturelle Eingrenzung 5.4 Bonussysteme 5.4.1 Definition und Funktion von Bonussystemen 5.4.2 Problemfelder: Dysfunktionen und Fehlanreize 5.4.3 Zwiespältigkeit von Bonussystemen 5.5 Interne Selbstbindung in der variablen Vergütung 5.5.1 Anforderungen an ein wertebasiertes, ethisches Bonussystem 5.5.2 Internationale Vorgaben und nationale Regeln 5.5.3 Mögliche Maßnahmen und Instrumente 5.5.4 Formen der externen Selbstbindung in der variablen Vergütung 5.6 Zwischenfazit: Handlungsempfehlungen für die Umsetzung 6 Zusammenfassung und Fazit 6.1 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 6.2 Zusammenfassung aus Sicht der ökonomischen Ethik 6.3 Implikationen für Unternehmen 6.4 Implikationen für Führungskräfte 6.5 Implikationen für Mitarbeiter 6.6 Ausblick Appendix I: Leitbilder deutscher Retailbanken Appendix II: Kurzfassung „Leitbild für verantwortliches Handeln in der Wirtschaft“ Appendix III: Internationale Vorgaben für Vergütungssysteme Appendix IV: Nationale Regeln und Gesetze für Vergütungssysteme Appendix V: Kernbotschaften der ethischen Fundierung von Management-Vergütungen in der Kreditwirtschaft Literaturverzeichnis

Title: Against Dualism - Conceptual Art in the Context of Functional-Normative Theory Author: Michaela Brejcha Department: Department of Aesthetics Supervisor: Mgr. Ondřej Dadejík, Ph.D. Abstract: The present dissertation thesis focuses on the problem of theoretical reflection of conceptual art in Anglo American aesthetic discourse in the second half of 20th and the beginning of 21st centuries. It is based on the claim of many conceptual artists and also some theoreticians, which emerged in the nineteen- fifties, that the conceptual art or tendencies have nothing in common with aesthetics or aesthetic theory. This work shows that this presumed discord draws on reduced understanding of what is the aesthetics and, at the same time, this understanding itself is based on the dualistic paradigm, which presents one of the most fundamental frames for our approach to reality. In the context of analysis of selected texts of Anglo American aesthetics, eight particular distinctions of dualism will be defined, which to a great extent contributed to the rejection of aesthetics by conceptual artists, and on the other hand to bad recognition of conceptual art by the aesthetic theory. As an alternative to the dualistic approach in the context of definition of conceptual art, the fluid and dynamic conception of aesthetics...

The thesis analyses a dispute of two anarchist movements promoting Anarcho-Capitalism and an automated non-monetary economy. It asks the question whether the dispute can be explained in terms of paradigm conflict and not exclusively in political terms . The goal is to search for signs of scientific paradigm in an apparently ideological dispute. The thesis also examines the reasons why did the debate deteriorate into a personal and moral conflict of the representatives. The method of analysis is Grounded Theory, with reference to authors who interpret Kuhn's paradigm conflict as the consequence of an unconscious language barrier. Paradigm was operationally defined as a hierarchy of concepts with physical reference, theoretical network of the concepts and the scientific field objectives. The field objectives are the only reliable reference points between paradigms. The thesis sums up the debate between Anarcho-Capitalists and proponents of Resource-Based Economy and recovers the scientific answers and field objectives which were demanded yet missing in the debate. The thesis concludes that the debate can legitimately continue and that the ideological differences were mostly caused by a different scope of technical instruments and their describing paradigms, regardless of historical origin and...

Gegenstand der Habilitationsschrift sind die wesentlichen Strömungen der städtebaulichen Entwicklung Dresdens in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Der Zeitraum umfasst Planungen und Realisierungen zwischen der Zerstörung Dresdens am 13./14. Februar 1945 und der Vereinigung mit der Bundesrepublik Deutschland am 3. Oktober 1990. Wichtige Etappen bilden dabei die Konzeptionssuche nach der Zerstörung, der Städtebau der „nationalen Tradition“, die Rückbesinnung auf die Konzepte der Moderne, die Generalbebauungs- und Generalverkehrsplanung, das Wohnungsbauprogramm und die Wiederentdeckung des innerstädtischen Bauens. Aspekte der städtebaulichen Entwicklung Dresdens vor 1945 mit dem Schwerpunkt der 30er und frühen 40er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts sowie im wiedervereinigten Deutschland nach 1990 wurden ergänzend einbezogen. Die Schrift besteht aus einem Einführungstext, der die Dresdner Entwicklung in die städtebaulichen Leitbilder einordnet, und dem Hauptteil mit Auszügen aus 33 wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen des Autoren über den gesamten Betrachtungszeitraum hinweg. Neben der städtebaulichen Entwicklung insgesamt wird auch auf Teilaspekte wie Wohnungsbau, Verkehrsentwicklung oder die Leitbilddiskussion eingegangen. Der breite Katalog der städtebaulichen Lösungen, in mehreren Jahrzehnten und über Paradigmenwechsel hinweg entstanden, bildet einen wertvollen Erfahrungsschatz. Vor allem der Aspekt der Besonderheit der städtebaulichen Entwicklung Dresdens, der Radikalität, aber auch Beschränktheit der vielfach gewählten Lösungen, stellt im Sinne einer Bestandsaufnahme einen wesentlichen Ausgangspunkt für jegliche gegenwärtige und zukünftige Auseinandersetzung mit dem physischen Körper der Stadt dar. Einerseits wird es erleichtert, schutzwürdige Qualitäten der städtebaulichen Entwicklung des behandelten Zeitraumes zu erkennen, andererseits werden aber auch Ansatzpunkte für eine zukunftsfähige künftige Stadtentwicklung geboten. / The subject of this study (Habilitation) is Dresden’s city planning in the second half of the twentieth century and the main strands of its development. The time frame comprises planning and realizations of building projects between the destruction of Dresden on 13/14 February 1945 and German reunification on 3 October 1990. Important stages are the search for planning concepts after destruction, projects of the “national tradition”, rediscovery of Modernist concepts, general city and transport plans, the programme for housing and the further development of inner-city planning. Additionally included are aspects of planning development before 1945 – with an emphasis in the 1930s and early 40s – as well as the situation in reunified Germany after 1990. The study consists of an introduction, which places Dresden’s development within planning paradigms. The middle section is a compilation of extracts from the author’s 33 scholarly publications spanning the entire time frame of this study. Apart from planning history in general, the study also considers housing, transport and theoretical discussions. The rich catalogue of planning solutions, acquired over decades and across changes in paradigms, builds a valuable store of experience. Especially through the uniqueness of Dresden‘s planning history, the radicalism, but also often the narrowness of chosen solutions, compiled here as a first inventory, a vital starting point for any current and future engagement with the body of this city is formed. On the one hand, the study facilitates the identification of the qualities that are worth preserving; on the other, suggestions for future-oriented city planning are offered.

The potential of Digital twin (DT) technology outside of the industrial field has been recognized by researchers who have promoted the vision of applying DTs technology beyond manufacturing, to purposes such as enhancing human well-being and improving quality of life (QoL). The expanded definition of DTs to incorporate living and nonliving physical entities into the definition of DTs was a key motivation behind the model introduced in this thesis for building health digital twins of citizens. In contrast with DTs that have been developed in more industrial fields, this type of digital twins modeling necessitates protecting each citizen's unique identity while also representing features common to all citizens in a unified way. In nature, DNA is an example of a model that is both unified, common to all humans, and unique, distinguishing each human as an individual. DNA’s architecture is what inspired us to propose a digital twin DNA (DT-DNA) model as the basis for building health DTs for citizens. A review of the literature shows that no unified model for citizens’ health has been developed that can act as a base for building digital twins of citizens while also protecting their unique identity thus we aim to fill this gap in this research. Accordingly, in this thesis, we proposed a DT-DNA model, which is specifically designed to protect the unique identity of each citizen’s digital twin, similar to what DNA does for each human. We also proposed a DT-DNA-based framework to build standardized health digital twins of citizens on micro, meso and macro levels using two ISO standards: ISO/IEEE 11073 (X73) and ISO 37120. To achieve our goal, we started by analyzing the biological DNA model and the influencing factors shaping health in smart cities. The purpose of the first is to highlight the DNA model features which provide the building blocks for our DT-DNA model. The purpose of the latter is to determine the main bases of our DT-DNA model of health DTs. Based on the analysis results; we proposed DT-DNA to model health DTs for citizens. In keeping with our DNA analogy, we have identified four bases, A, T, G, and C, for our unified and unique DT-DNA model. The A base in the proposed model represents a citizen’s anthropometric when we build the DT-DNA on an individual level and represents the city’s regulatory authorities when we build the DT-DNA on community and city levels. The T base represents different tasks included in the provided health data that are required to model citizens’ health DT-DNA on different levels. The G base represents the geographic and temporal information of the city, where the citizen exists at the time of data collection. The C base represents the context at the time of data collection. To proof the concept, we present our initial work on building health DTs for citizens in four case studies. The first two case studies are dedicated for health DTs at the micro level, the third case study is dedicated for health DTs at the meso level and the fourth case study is dedicated for health DTs at the macro level. In addition, we developed an algorithm to compare cities in terms of their community fitness and health services status. The four case studies provide promising results in terms of applicability of the proposed DT-DNA model and framework in handling the health data of citizens, communities and cities, collected through various sources, and presenting them in a standardized, unique model.

No description available.

Tous les jours, dans le monde, des comportements agressifs sont commis à l’égard d’individus, causant des préjudices physiques, psychologiques et financiers. En réponse à une provocation, ces agressions sont dites réactives et peuvent être alimentées par des biais cognitifs d’attribution d’intention hostile et des styles de personnalité antisociale. Comblant un trou dans la littérature scientifique, cette étude a pour but d’évaluer le biais d’attribution d’intention hostile ainsi que son rôle dans la relation entre la personnalité antisociale et l’agressivité réactive. Dans cette perspective, les participants étaient invités à répondre à des questionnaires évaluant la personnalité, les processus cognitifs et l’agressivité. Puis, pendant l’enregistrement de leur activité cérébrale, ils devaient lire des scénarios d’interactions sociales et attribuer une intention aux comportements décrits comme ambigus et provocateurs. Nous avons analysé la N400, une composante de potentiels reliés aux évènements, associée à la présentation d’intentions inattendues hostiles ou non hostiles après chaque scénario. Des analyses de corrélations de Pearson et de régressions linéaires multiples ont été réalisées pour examiner la validité de notre modèle de médiation. Les résultats montrent que la N400 est plus forte lors de la présentation d’intention non hostile inattendue que lors de la présentation d’intention hostile inattendue dans les régions centropariétales. La personnalité antisociale et la violation des attentes hostiles étaient reliées positivement à l’agressivité réactive. La personnalité antisociale prédisait l’agressivité réactive même à l’ajout de la violation des attentes hostile (Z = .30, p = .76) ou de la violation des attentes non hostiles (Z = -.32, p = .75) comme médiateur. En somme, le rôle médiateur du biais d’attribution d’intention n’est pas confirmé et d’autres études sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre le lien entre la personnalité antisociale et l’agressivité réactive. / Every day, around the world, aggressive behaviors are committed against individuals, causing physical, psychological and financial harm. In response to provocation, these assaults are said to be reactive and can be fuelled by cognitive biases of attributing hostile intent and antisocial personality styles. Filling a gap in the scientific literature, the purpose of this study is to evaluate hostile intent bias and its role in the relationship between antisocial personality and reactive aggression. To this end, participants were asked to complete questionnaires assessing personality, cognitive processes and aggression. Then, while recording their brain activity, they were asked to read scenarios of social interactions and to attribute intent to behaviors described as ambiguous and provocative. We analyzed the N400, an event-related potential component associated with the presentation of unexpected hostile or non-hostile intentions after each scenario. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the validity of our mediation model. The results show that the N400 is stronger in the presentation of unexpected non-hostile intent than in the presentation of unexpected hostile intent in the centro-parietal regions. Antisocial personality and violation of hostile expectations were positively related to reactive aggression. Antisocial personality predicted reactive aggression even with the addition of hostile expectation violation (Z = .30, p = .76) or non-hostile expectation violation (Z = -.32, p = .75) as a mediator. In sum, the mediating role of intention attribution bias is unconfirmed and further studies are needed to better understand the link between antisocial personality and reactive aggression.

Employing decolonized, Indigenous research methods, the author considers Métis Beadwork Practice through the analytical lens of Therapeutic Jurisprudence and establishes the practice as a holistic Indigenous Legal Pedagogy for knowledge creation and mobilization in legal education. The author agrees with Drs. Friedland and Napoleon who suggest that a significant challenge in and to Indigenous legal research is that such research occupies a space of “deep absence,” with the starting line moved back as a consequence of colonialism. Building on the work of Dr. Shawn Wilson, the author espouses an Indigenous Research Paradigm which requires a prioritization of the relationship to the ideas and making space for non-linear logic systems and Indigenous ways of knowing in scholarly research. In her work, the author prioritizes synthesis over deconstruction on the belief that deconstructing relationships to ideas for the purpose of analyzing them would have the effect of damaging the cognitive and emotional relationships developed through the research ceremony. While the work embodies the four essential elements of autoethnography, the author argues that the work of Indigenous scholars speaking in their own voices is sui generis in nature. She argues that Indigenous scholars who employ storytelling and other culturally-relevant knowledge mobilization practices are engaging a distinct Indigenous Research Method. This work ultimately progresses in a non-linear fashion and incorporates extra-intellectual knowledge including poetry, music, and photography. The use of multiple fonts and other formatting devices including right justification are used to underline shifts in voice and perspective throughout the work. These pedagogical choices valourize the ways of knowing of Indigenous women and honour the author’s Métis worldview, including her understanding that all things are interrelated. The author examines, and ultimately eschews, notions of neutral objectivity in research as colonial constructs that undermine Indigenous Knowledge Systems and contribute to the ongoing colonization of Indigenous peoples in post-secondary education. Following an introduction to the legal and social history of Forced Assimilative Education of Indigenous Peoples in Canada, the author reviews recent research into ongoing colonialism, racism, and ethno-stress experienced by Indigenous Learners in post-secondary education. The ii author subsequently explores the specific concern of the subjugation and erasure of Indigenous women’s knowledge in academia. She conducts a review of existing literature in the sphere of Feminist Legal Theory, examining and ultimately rejecting intersectionality and conceptualizations of sisterhood as possible remedies to discrimination faced by Indigenous women legal scholars. She argues that the lived experience of Indigenous women is situated not at an intersection, but rather in the centre of a colonialism collision. As a consequence, the author argues that existing Feminist Legal Theory does not create adequate space for Indigenous difference, experiences, or worldviews. Offering insight into legal education, legal ethics, and professionalization processes, the author also explores questions of lived experience of Indigenous lawyers beyond the legal academy. She argues that learning the language of law is but the first element in a complex professionalization process that engages structures of patriarchal hierarchy in addition to the other forces, including colonialism and racism, that shape the legal profession. She further argues that, for Indigenous peoples, learning to speak the linear, official language of legal education represents a collision of even more complex systems of dominance, with the regulated approach to learning and problem-solving standing in direct opposition to Indigenous ways of knowing. Consequently, Indigenous law Learners frequently experience an intellectual rupture when engaging in the professional assimilation process. The author offers an overview of Calls to Action 27, 28, 42, and 50 of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada and an introductory environmental scan of ongoing efforts to decolonize and indigenize law schools including land-based learning and the development of Indigenous Course Requirements (ICRs). The author subsequently considers the process of decolonizing the legal academy through the analytical lenses of Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Therapeutic Jurisprudence+. She ultimately positions the act of decolonizing legal education as an act grounded in decolonial love with the potential for healing individuals and communities struggling with ongoing colonialism and racism in the academy. Building on the work of the late Professor Patricia Monture-Angus and contemporary Indigenous legal scholars including Drs. Tracey Lindberg, Darcy Lindberg, Val Napoleon, and John Burrows, the author considers possibilities for reimaging legal education through the development and use of Indigenous Legal Pedagogies. The author argues that Beadwork Practice holds a distinctive language of possibility as an Indigenous Legal Pedagogical practice as a result of deeply entrenched links between beads and law. The author explores the social and legal history of beads as a tool for legal knowledge production and mobilization in the context of wampum belts and beyond, including the use of Métis beadwork as a mnemonic device to facilitate intergenerational knowledge transfer of stories and songs that carry law. Further, she examines colonial law and policy that served to undermine the legal value of beads, and canvases emerging trends in the revitalization of community beadwork practice. Finally, the author positions Beadwork Practice as a holistic Indigenous Legal Pedagogy to support not only the revitalization of Indigenous Legal Orders and the development of cross-cultural competency as required under Calls to Action 27 and 28, but also therapeutic objectives of individual and community healing.