Previous studies targeting youth participation in physical activity have argued that self-motivation is the main key to increasing participation. However, few studies have focused specifically on the role of structural factors in prompting youth participation in physical activity. The structure may include people, and institutions that are introducing, providing and facilitating physical activity to youth. Therefore, this study focuses on the role of the structure surrounding youth. The study takes youth in Saudi Arabia aged 15-24 as its subjects in order to examine the use of three online social networks (OSNs), i.e., Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, for communication and exchange of resources and the influence on participation of key decision makers such as home (parents and siblings), school (Ministry of Education and PE teachers), physical activity and sports clubs (General Authority of Sports [GAS]), and friends. The study uses mixed methods and follows the social network structural theory to examine how the exchange of resources (e.g., information, emotional support, financial support, and facilities and services) takes place between agent and structure. The main findings are that the structure plays a role in influencing participation among Saudi youth. Friends are of great influence, as they occupy the longest hours of youth time both at school, where friends interact in person, and outside of school, where friends communicate through OSNs. An Islamic and conservative society prevails in Saudi Arabia, where 99 per cent of the population is Muslim. Therefore, in addition to the structural factors noted above, religion is also investigated. Indeed, Islam drives motivation in this large conservative group as individuals learn to obey and implement the religious advice and Islamic teachings of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him), including those messages with relation to becoming a healthy and strong Muslim. Finally, the study also focuses on the participation of Saudi female youth in physical activity. Due to cultural reasons preventing women from participating in physical activity as freely and equally as their male peers in the country, Saudi Arabia has seen an increasing percentage of obese women. The main aim of this research is to understand the relationship between agency and structure and thereby to identify the role of structure in increasing the participation of youth in physical activity. The research question (How do OSNs facilitate Saudi youth participation in physical activity?) investigates the relationship between agency and structure to delineate the pattern of information exchange regarding resources for involvement in physical activity. Through the use of mixed methods including face-to-face interviews, online survey and digital ethnography, the researcher investigates how youth social networks function both offline and online. The study concludes that decision makers in the field of physical activity participation in Saudi Arabia vary in their level of encouragement, influence and communication. Family members do not seem to communicate with youth via online platforms, but they do play a crucial role in offline social networks. Private institutions are becoming very active in OSNs, and public institutions are following the trend, albeit at a slower pace. The study shows that physical activity facilitators in Saudi Arabia are still failing to effectively reach youth and encourage them to participate in physical activity. Various policies need to be reviewed and enhanced if the public institutions do indeed want to reach more youth and benefit youth and the community, including the female youth, who make up more than half of the population. The study shows that the way to develop these policies is to communicate with youth via OSNs and to provide youth with more facilities, venues and services in the country that are suitable for both genders.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Vanderlan Santos Mota.doc: 5687808 bytes, checksum: 4c2e9bcb586f4406882237e819450320 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-16 / Não Informada / Recent studies in different countries have pointed the increase of the consumption of esteroides anabolizantes between practitioners of physical activities, and the damages to the health caused by its indiscriminate use. In Brazil, studies on the use of scarce anabolizantes are e, in this study, searched considerações siginificativas to compose theoretical referencial on the alert subject and to the users of these products. It was examined perception of risk to the health, associated with the consumption of anabolizantes between practitioners of physical activities in the academies of the city of Manaus-AM. For in such a way, the collection proceeded from qualitative data and quantitative, such as etnografia, half-structuralized interviews and focal group with users of anabolizantes, using themselves applied analytical methods in the description of each stage of the experiments, had understood, beyond the laboratorias piss analyses, the analysis of chromatography and spectrometry, by means of statistical methods, analyzing the qui-square of the result for its validation. The produced data had described main used substances and the standards of use, between practitioners of physical activities in the city of Manaus pointing preponderant evidences to the masculine sex, as bigger substantial food consumer to the organism, amongst them: Calcium, Grain, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, B1 Vitamins, and the C, and Liquids, it is fallen again substance of Carboidratos, Fruits and Oil and Fat more for the consumption of the feminine sex. In the analyses physicist-chemistry of the urinas we find eighteen positive samples for forbidden substances, of these, twelve met in the results of the masculine sex. Amongst substances we have of the bigger evidence of pH Metiltestosterona and THC, Testosterone and DHEA, causers of pathological effect in the human metabolism. The results make in them to analyze that it has absence of real cares to the organic body, therefore the interviewed ones are cliente of males that such substances can cause. One reveals, thus, the desire of the ideal physical body to the standards taxes in the society, to this overlap to the risk of harmful collateral effect how much to the bad use of these substances. It is considered that more must be promoted the prevention and the orientation with regard to the anabolizantes use of esteroides next to this population. This study it intended to well more aim at the education of the anabólicos users of esteroides and the users in potential, looking for to inform involved with the practical sport and the porting one, therefore exactly with studies related to this still it is lacked of prevention. / Estudos recentes em diferentes países têm apontado o aumento do consumo de esteroides anabolizantes entre praticantes de atividades físicas, e os danos à saúde causados pelo seu uso indiscriminado. No Brasil, estudos sobre o uso de anabolizantes são escassos e, neste estudo, buscou-se considerações significativas para compor referencial teórico sobre o tema e alerta aos usuários desses produtos. Examinou-se a percepção de risco à saúde, associada ao consumo de anabolizantes entre praticantes de atividades físicas nas academias da cidade de Manaus-AM. Para tanto, procedeu a coleta de dados qualitativos e quantitativos, tais como etnografia, entrevistas semi - estruturadas e grupo focal com usuários de anabolizantes, utilizando-se métodos analíticos aplicados na descrição de cada etapa dos experimentos, compreenderam, além das análises laboratoriais de urina, a análise de cromatografia e espectrometria, por meio de métodos estatísticos, analisando o qui-quadrado do resultado para sua validação. Os dados produzidos descreveram as principais substâncias utilizadas e os padrões de uso, entre praticantes de atividades físicas na cidade de Manaus apontando evidências preponderantes ao sexo masculino, como maior consumidor de alimentos substânciais ao organismo, dentre elas: Cálcio, Grão, Cobre, Zinco, Ferro, Manganês, Vitaminas B1, A e C, e Líquidos; recai-se a substância de Carboidratos, Frutas e Óleo e Gordura mais para o consumo do sexo feminino. Nas análises físico-químicas das urinas encontramos dezoito amostras positivas para substâncias proibidas; dessas, doze encontravam-se nos resultados do sexo masculino. Dentre as substâncias temos a de maior evidência de pH, a Metiltestosterona e a THC, Testosterona e DHEA, causadoras de efeitos patológicos no metabolismo humano. Os resultados nos fazem analisar que há ausência de cuidados reais ao corpo orgânico, pois os entrevistados são cientes dos males que tais substâncias podem ocasionar. Mostra-se, assim, o desejo do corpo físico ideal aos padrões impostos na sociedade, a isso sobrepõem ao risco de danosos efeitos colaterais quanto ao mau uso dessas substâncias. Considera-se que se deve promover mais a prevenção e a orientação com relação ao uso de esteróides anabolizantes junto a essa população. Este estudo pretendeu visar bem mais à educação dos usuários de esteroides anabólicos e dos usuários em potencial, procurando informar os envolvidos com o esporte e a prática desportiva, pois mesmo com estudos relacionados a isso ainda se carece de prevenção.

Title: Changes in the locomotor apparatus due to an injury with permanent consequences Objectives: The aime of the diploma thesis is to define changes in motor system of chosen persons after injury using classic methods often used in physiotherapy. In addition, it presents some of the options of therapy and self-therapy, education and reeducation in the area of the client's behavior towards his health. Methods: This diploma thesis is formed with use of qualitative research. It is a pilot study focused on five persons with permanent consequences in motor system. The content of examination is an anamnesis, an ori- entational static examination, an examination of shortened muscles, en examination of muscle strenght, an evaluation of posture and body distances. All above were meassured every 3 - 4 months, when the changes in body posture due to premanent consequences are ob- served. Results: All data are processed using tables and graphs. Results has shown an improvement in all clients in different degree. Improvement in postu- re and activation of coremuscles. Excercises also improved stere- otype in breathing. Study has also shown importance of clienťs active cooperation to achieve the best results. Keywords: Locomotor apparatus, injury, permanent consequences, physical activities, hypoactivity, type...

La grossesse chez la femme peut avoir des répercussions sur la santé physique (SP), la qualité de la vie (QV), et conduire à certaines limitations lors des activités de la vie quotidiennes (AVQ).Dans un premier temps, nous confirmons la fréquence assez élevée des douleurs chez la femme sédentaire durant la grossesse. Ces douleurs sont associées à une diminution de la QV et de la SP conduisant à des effets défavorables voire risqués sur la réalisation de certaines AVQ telle que la traversée d’une rue. En post-partum (PP), ces douleurs ont perduré avec toujours un effet négatif sur la QV et la SP. Dans un deuxième temps, nous abordons l’association entre les douleurs et un changement de la motricité sportive en PP. Ces effets négatifs de la grossesse menacent la vie sportive de la femme restée sédentaire durant la grossesse. Ainsi, elle ne réalise plus le geste du coup droit au tennis, utilisé comme paradigme, de la même manière. Dans un troisième temps, nous proposons un programme de renforcement musculaire centré sur le tronc pour contribuer à contrecarrer les effets négatifs. Les effets de ce programme semblent prometteurs et globalement plus importants que ceux des autres programmes de la littérature. Les femmes actives durant la grossesse ont une intensité nettement plus faible de douleurs, leur permettant de préserver une meilleure SP et une meilleur QV, conduisant à plus de facilité et moins de prise de risque lors de cette même tâche de traversée de rue. Le maintien de l’effet de notre programme est également mise en évidence en PP avec toujours une intensité des douleurs plus faible et une bonne QV et SP. Le geste technique de tennis (coup droit) en PP montre que les femmes sportives et actives durant la grossesse réalisent ce geste, de la même manière que sans grossesse. Enfin, nous avons montré que les effets de la grossesse sont peu différents chez les femmes sportives ou non lorsqu’il s’agit d’une grossesse sédentaire. De même, les effets de notre programme, durant la grossesse, sont globalement similaires sur des femmes déjà sportives ou non. / The pregnancy in women can affect physical health (PH), quality of life (QoL), and lead to some limitations in activities of daily life (ADL). Firstly, we confirm the high frequency of pain in sedentary women during pregnancy. These pains associated with a decrease in PH and in QoL leading to adverse effects or risks in the achievement of some ADL such as crossing a street. In post-partum (PP) period, these pains persisted with always a negative effect on the QoL and PH. Secondly, weconsider the association between pain and changes in motor function in a sportive gestural in women in PP period. These negative effects of pregnancy threaten the sporting life of the woman which remained sedentary during pregnancy. Thus, she does not realize the forehand in tennis, used as a paradigm, in the same manner. Thirdly, we propose a strengthening general program centered on the trunk to help counteract the negative effects. The effects of this program are promising and generally more important than those of other programs in the literature. Active women during pregnancy have a significantly lower intensity of pain, enabling them to preserve a better PH and a better QoL, leading to more ease and less risk-taking during this same task crossing street. Maintaining the effect of our program is also evidence in PP, always with lower pain intensity and a better QoL and PH. The technical gesture in tennis (the forehand) in PP shows that the sportive and active women during pregnancy realize this gesture, in the same manner as without pregnancy. Finally, we showed that the effects of pregnancy are only slightly different in sportive or non-sportive women when it is a sedentary pregnancy. Similarly, the effects of our program, during pregnancy, are overall similar in women already sportive or not.

Title: Analysis of the current offer of leisure activities with focus on physical activity for primary school pupils with special needs in Prague Objectives: The main objective of this work is to analyze the services offered in the field of leisure activities with focus on sports and physical activity (PA) for primary school pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in Prague. Methods: We use two sources of data in our qualitative research. The first source is data obtained from the analysis of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports specifically for this research. The second source of data is a modified survey questionnaire created by Linhartova (2018). The questionnaire responses were obtained from 49 respondents, who were managers of centers and instructors of PA who provide leisure PA in Prague. Results: The research discovered insufficient support for PA among Prague primary school pupils with SEN in their free time. It turned out that on the one hand the offer of provided PA is not adapted to children with SEN and in the same way the offered activities are used by these children only to a very small extent, where it is more about individuals. The study also points to a set of barriers limiting the implementation of these PA. We identified obstacles in the area of insufficient...

En el presente trabajo se realizará una startup para el curso de negocio sostenible implementación. Debido a la coyuntura que atraviesa nuestra sociedad se decidió crear un emprendimiento que consiste en la creación de una plataforma virtual que brinda un servicio de distintos tipos de entrenamientos para jóvenes que les gusta hacer deporte, ofreciéndoles la opción de entrenar cuando quieran y donde quieran. Nuestra marca tiene el nombre de “TrainIN” que en español significa entrena-dentro. Las fuentes de ingreso se establecerá con respecto a las suscripciones que realicen nuestros clientes, en este caso será de 35 soles mensuales. La publicidad de nuestra marca se realizará a través de las redes sociales, siendo Instagram la de mayor impacto. Para poder desarrollar el giro de nuestro negocio se tendrá que realizar un inversión de 20 mil soles, que será respaldado en base a los aportes de los fundadores ( 25 %) e inversionistas (75%). Misión: Contribuir con la buena condición física de nuestra comunidad a través de entrenamientos de calidad que podrán realizar desde la comodidad de sus hogares. Visión: Ser el centro de entrenamiento online líder en Perú, brindando un servicio de calidad a nuestros clientes, ofreciendo valor a nuestros colaboradores y promoviendo la vida saludable entre todos nuestros miembros. / This research attempts to develop a Start Up based on the needs that have raised because of the pandemic which is a digital training platform named TrainIN that offers multiple exercise options. This way the customers can train whenever and wherever they want. All marketing efforts will be carried out through social network with Instagram having the biggest impact on terms of awareness and reach. On one hand, our income source comes from the monthly subscriptions that have a cost of 35 soles. On the other hand, to get the business going, TrainIN will invest 20,000 soles which will be funded by the founders (25%) and investors (75%). Mission: Contribute with our community’s physical condition providing multiple exercise options for them to do from home or wherever they like. Vision: We dream of leading the online training market in Peru by offering high quality service to our clients and teachers. / Trabajo de investigación

The diploma thesis is focused on physical and sports activities of children in older school age. For the research were selected pupils in the 8th and 9th grades of primary schools in the Prague-East District. The main goal of the work is based on data collected by online questionnaires to analyze and compare the level of physical activities of these pupils depending on the main factors of their lives. I consider these factors to be school physical education, physical and sports activities outside of school, leisure, family, dwelling place. The theoretical part describes all requirements associated with the physical activities of children in older school age, that are necessary for a proper understanding of the research part, such as the definition of physical activities and sports, the characteristics of older school children and key factors affecting these children. A total of 240 respondents, meaning 8th and 9th grade pupils from four selected primary schools in the Prague-East District, took part in the research. For the research I used the method of a questionnaire survey, which was organized online using Google Forms. The questionnaire contains 20 questions and is divided into 5 parts, according to the main factors already mentioned. The results for each individual question are clearly viewed...

Denna studie undersöker hur förändrade livsstilar påverkar ungdomars engagemang i meningsfulla aktiviteter samt de sociala utmaningar som uppstår när unga blir inaktiva. Genom att intervjua aktörer som arbetar med barn och för barn, utforskar vi sambandet mellan inaktivering och negativa sociala fenomen. Studien identifierar hinder som bidrar till inaktivering, såsom socioekonomiska faktorer, kostnader för deltagande i idrott och komplexa familjedynamiker. Erik Eriksons psykosociala utvecklingsteori och Travis Hirschis teori om sociala band är de teoretiska ramverk som används för att betona vikten av att skapa en miljö där barn känner sig trygga och välkomna samt för att stärka sociala band och motverka ungdomars inaktivering.Vi genomförde åtta individuellt strukturerade intervjuer samt tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med aktörer som är involverade i barns liv. Resultaten tyder på att bristen på meningsfulla aktiviteter och bristande föräldrakontroll är kopplad till ungdomars inaktivitet. Respondenterna understryker vikten av att skapa välkomnande miljöer där ungdomar ges möjlighet att utforska sina intressen som en potentiell åtgärd för att minska risken för att de hamnar i negativa sociala fenomen. / This study examines how changing lifestyles affect youths' engagement in meaningful activities and the social challenges that arise when young individuals become inactive. By interviewing stakeholders working with and for children, we explore the relationship between disengagement and negative social phenomena. The study identifies barriers contributing to disengagement, such as socioeconomic factors, costs associated with sports participation, and complex family dynamics. Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory and Travis Hirschi's theory of social bonds serve as the theoretical frameworks used to emphasize the importance of creating an environment where children feel safe and welcomed, and to strengthen social bonds to counteract youth disengagement.We conducted eight individually structured interviews and three focus group interviews with actors involved in children's lives. The results suggest that the lack of meaningful activities and inadequate parental control are linked to youth inactivity. Respondents emphasize the importance of creating welcoming environments where young people are given the opportunity to explore their interests as a potential measure to reduce the risk of involvement in negative social phenomena.

Title of the thesis: Mapping the lifestyle of 16-17-year-olds in Neratovice. Aim of the study: The thesis surveys the components of the lifestyle of young people in the Neratovice region, in the hope of influencing the state of health of the age group of 16-17 years. Method: The work is based on a sociological survey conducted in 2012 at two schools with different forms of tuition - a grammar school (gymnázium) and a vocational school (učiliště) in Neratovice. The research method was a poll. The polling had two stages: two pilot surveys on a sample of 149 respondents, and a study of 174 respondents. The final data were analyzed with respect to gender and the type of school using the Mann- Whitney U test. The survey questions were based on the questionnaire CAV 2001 for youth and the questionnaire "Determinanty účasti na cvičení" (University of Tasmania - FTK UP Olomouc). Results: The results of the survey show that boys are doing significantly better in physical activity (PA) and girls in physical inactivity (PI) and diet. Grammar school students are doing better in PA and they have a significantly better diet than vocational school students. As for PI, the results were similar for both groups. In terms of PA, 38% of boys and almost 75% of girls do not meet the current minimum levels of PA. As...

Les contraintes liées au système de signes véhiculés par le comportement humain multiplient les difficultés face à toutes les formes d‘analyses, particulièrement celles qui se fondent sur l‘observation. Par exemple, les jeux sportifs peuvent, par leur richesse et leur complexité, restreindre le jugement de l‘observateur, notamment lorsqu‘il s‘agit d‘étudier des conduites et des prises de décisions motrices in situ, là où le pratiquant évolue dans un rapport consubstantiel avec son environnement. C‘est à ce niveau que les recherches en praxéologie proposent l‘analyse de la logique interne des situations ludosportives à travers une démarche systémique et structurale et une classification de pratiques sportives et ludomotrices en huit domaines d‘action motrice distincts. Les poutres maîtresses de ces domaines d‘action sont : la nature du rapport du sujet avec le milieu physique (milieu certain ou incertain) ainsi que la présence d‘interaction motrice liée à la présence d‘adversaires et/ou de partenaires. Nous avons mené une méta-analyse de trois domaines d‘action motrice au coeur desquels les sportifs pratiquent dans un milieu domestiqué, dont un domaine psychomoteur (agir en solo) et deux domaines sociomoteurs (agir contre des adversaires et agir avec des partenaires et des adversaires). Nous avons adopté une démarche méthodologique qui fait appel à l‘outil de modélisation électronique et numérique. Ce travail s‘articule autour de la science de l‘action motrice, des sciences de l‘Éducation, de la didactique des APS et des sciences de l‘ingénierie électronique et numérique. La problématique tente de mettre en évidence les effets potentiels d‘une pratique motrice régulière de trois domaines d‘action distincts sur les conduites et les prises de décision motrices. Autrement dit, chaque domaine d‘action motrice comprend des activités ludomotrices homogènes au regard de leurs traits de logique interne, influençant ainsi certains schémas d‘actions spécifiques sur la conduite motrice du pratiquant, propices au façonnage d‘habitus moteurs. Les investigations se construisent autour d‘un modèle expérimental spécifique appelé « B-percept® », modèle créé à partir d‘un jeu ludomoteur traditionnel, le « jeu des Quatre coins ». Ce système de mesures innovant et évolutif est utilisé pour évaluer et comparer les conduites de sportifs des trois domaines précités et de non-sportifs. Le protocole B-percept® mesure la vitesse de réaction simple et complexe, tant visuelle que sonore des pratiquants. Par ailleurs, outre les observations des sportifs agissants, nous avons proposé des tests de prédictions de score et d‘estime de soi (PSPP) et un entretien post-test avec les sujets, ceci afin de mieux appréhender et comprendre les conduites motrices exécutées. Les résultats obtenus ont montré qu‘une pratique sportive influencerait de manière positive le temps de réaction simple et complexe des sportifs par rapport aux non-pratiquants de sports. De surcroit, elle pourrait développer significativement leur sentiment d‘auto-efficacité, ce qui se traduirait par une meilleure capacité de prédiction des scores dans les tests B-percept®. Globalement, on relève aussi des résultats plus tranchés entre les domaines sociomoteur et psychomoteur, notamment dans la prise de décision au cours des situations complexes. Ces résultats ont été vérifiés à travers une méta-analyse par domaines, par algorithme moteur et par habitus moteurs. Fort de ces résultats, le modèle B-percept® pourra trouver des extensions dans le domaine de l‘enseignement en éducation physique et sportive, de l‘entrainement sportif et dans les centres de formation des élèves à besoins spécifiques. Dans le champ de l‘EPS, notre objectif est de contribuer à la réflexion et à la conception des contenus et de la programmation des activités physiques et sportives en ciblant, de façon pertinente et cohérente, les choix des situations motrices selon les domaines d‘action ludomotrice. / In sports and physical activities, gestures often carry an affective connotation. However the constraints due to their complexity when used in the communication process as signs system produced by human behavior could multiply difficulties on the of scientific analyses and studies. Thus, methods used to interpret the human movements and gestures have evolved in last decades, due to an increasing use of quantitative data. Nowadays researchers are working on decision-making by collecting behavioral significant information, especially during human-interactions in sports activities. Thus, since more than forty years, researches such as in motor praxeology analysis the internal logic of sports practices through systemic and structural analyses. Consequently a classification of sports activities was raised and gave eight different domains of motor action. These domains are based on the nature of physical environment (certain or uncertain environment), the attendance of opponents and/or partners. The aim of this thesis is to propose a systemic and structural methodological approach by comparing through a meta-analysis the impact of a regular sports practice in three different domains of motor activities on motor-behavior and decision-making. Our approach is built on an experimental model previously established by modeling the paradoxal game called the ―four corners game‖. Thus a smart wireless system for modeling visual and auditory searching behavior was conceived for measuring simple and complex reaction time. B-percept® helps as well to make observations, self-efficacy survey, test score-predictions and personal self-physical profile. This research allowed us to find relevant results. However, we need to be cautious about their generalization. Indeed, we have found that practicing sport positively influences the simple and complex reaction times and significantly increases self-efficacy of sports practitioners. Moreover, they could have a better ability to predict their scores at B-percept® tests. Meta-analysis through sports specialties and habitus were proceeded to improve results‘ analyzes, however, we still needing several investigations through future researches to propose a generalization of the equation model of B-percept®. In the near future, this experimental new model will be available for researchers in physical education and sports, teachers and coaches. It could also be proposed to training centers for students with special needs (handicap). We are looking forward helping to improve scholar programs made from sports activities as to be classified through the domain of actions.