Introdução: No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde desenvolve estratégias para intervir nos condicionantes das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis por meio da incorporação das Práticas Complementares e Integrativas em Saúde no SUS. Dentre estas práticas, se destacam os grupos de caminhada (GC) por seguirem os preceitos da Promoção da Saúde, contemplando, sobretudo, a autonomia dos profissionais e população. Estas práticas visam complementar as ações clínicas das Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) e os enfermeiros têm grande potencial para incorporar esta ação à sua prática profissional. Objetivo: Caracterizar a inserção e a prática dos enfermeiros nos grupos de caminhada (GC) das Unidades com ESF de São Paulo. Metodologia: Foram entrevistados 27 enfermeiros que participavam dos GC, utilizando-se instrumentos de caracterização do GC, da prática profissional do enfermeiro no GC e para avaliação do nível de conhecimento sobre Atividade Física para Promoção da Saúde (AF/PS) com o instrumento padronizado do Programa Agita São Paulo. O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado utilizando-se os programas Excel® e SPSS. Resultados: Dentre as Unidades com ESF, 95 tinham GC, sendo que 38 eram organizados por enfermeiros. Na média, os GC tinham duração de 48 minutos e aconteciam 3 vezes por semana. A maioria dos enfermeiros (55%) afirmou avaliar os usuários para inclusão no GC e em 40% dos grupos a caminhada era precedida por avaliação clínica. Quanto ao nível de conhecimento (NC) sobre AF/PS nenhum entrevistado acertou todas as questões em relação à intensidade, frequência semanal, duração e modo de execução diária para AF/PS, 40% acertaram apenas uma questão e 22% não acertou nenhuma. Conclusão: Apesar da inserção privilegiada dos enfermeiros para fortalecer ações de promoção da saúde na ESF o NC dos enfermeiros sobre AF/PS mostrou-se inadequado, indicando a necessidade de processos de educação continuada voltadas para a incorporação desses conceitos. Em relação aos GC nas Unidades de Saúde, sugere-se a elaboração de guias que norteiem as ações dos profissionais envolvidos tanto no aspecto instrumental quanto gerencial. / Introduction: In Brazil, the Ministry of Health has been developing strategies to intervene in the conditions of chronic, non-transmissible diseases through the incorporation of Complementary and Integrative Practices within the Brazilian National Healthcare System (SUS). Among these practices, the one that most stands out is the Walking Groups (WG) by following the precepts of Health Promotions, contemplating, above all, the autonomy of professionals and the population. These practices are intended to complement the clinical actions of the Family Health Team (FHT) and the nurses have a great potential to incorporate these actions into their professional practice. Objective: To characterize the insertion and the practice of nurses in the WG of the FHT units in Sao Paulo. Methods: Twenty-seven (27) registered nurses who participated in the WG were interviewed. The instruments were used to characterize the WG, the professional practice of nurses in the WG and the standardized instrument for assessing the knowledge level regarding Physical Activities for Health Promotion (PA/HP) of the program called Agita São Paulo. The statistical processing of data was performed using the programs Excel® and SPSS. Results: Within the FHT units, 95 had WG of which 38 were organized by nurses. On the average, the WG duration was 48 minutes and it took place 3 times per week. The majority of nurses (55%) affirmed that they evaluated the users for inclusion into the WG and in 40% of the groups; the actual walking was preceded by a clinical evaluation. Regarding the knowledge level about PA/HP, none of the interviewees correctly answered all of the questions concerning the intensity, weekly frequency, duration and daily mode of implementation for PA/HP, 40% correctly answered only 1 question and 22% incorrectly answered all of them. Conclusion: Despite the inclusion of privileged actions by the nurses to strengthen health promotion in the FHT, the inadequate scores concerning PA/HP, obtained by the nurses, clearly indicates a necessity for continuing education processes directed toward the incorporation of these concepts. In relation to the WG in the FHT Units, this study shows that there is a need to elaborate instruments to guide the actions of the professionals involved in both the managerial and instrumental aspect.

Introduction : Les muscles paravertébraux interviennent en permanence dans les tâches de la vie quotidienne pour la stabilisation et la mobilisation du rachis. Cela nécessite la contribution du métabolisme aérobie musculaire. La lombalgie chronique est caractérisée par un haut niveau de fatigabilité et des sensations de douleur au regard des muscles paravertébraux, qui pourraient être en partie attribués à l’altération des réponses du métabolisme aérobie musculaire, tandis que la pratique d’activités physiques et sportives (APS) pourrait améliorer ces réponses Objectif : L’objectif général était de déterminer la spécificité des réponses du métabolisme aérobie des muscles paravertébraux chez des patients lombalgiques chroniques, avant et après un programme de restauration fonctionnelle, et chez différents athlètes en bonne santé. Méthode : Quatre études ont été menées. Chaque participant a effectué des exercices isocinétiques sous-maximaux d’extension du tronc pendant cinq minutes, afin d’évaluer les réponses du métabolisme aérobie des muscles paravertébraux à l’exercice. Des sujets lombalgiques chroniques ont été appariés et comparés à des sujets sains, puis suivis au cours d’un programme de restauration fonctionnelle, dont la principale composante était l’exercice physique. Des sujets jeunes et en bonne santé, sportifs et non sportifs, ont été comparés entre eux. Résultats/Conclusion : Chez les lombalgiques chroniques, le programme de restauration fonctionnel a permis une accélération des cinétiques de V̇O2, une augmentation de l’oxygénation musculaire, et une augmentation de l’efficience mécanique à l’exercice. Chez les jeunes sportifs, les réponses aérobies étaient aussi améliorées, et la modification de ces réponses était dépendante des modalités d’entrainement. Ces résultats suggèrent que la pratique d’APS améliore la contribution du métabolisme aérobie au cours d’un exercice prolongé d’extension du tronc, au regard des muscles paravertébraux. Il n’y avait pas de différence entre les réponses métaboliques et hémodynamiques à l’exercice des lombalgiques chroniques, et celles des sujets sains, malgré un faible niveau de force maximale, et un haut niveau de fatigabilité musculaire à l’exercice chez les lombalgiques chroniques. Bien que les résultats préliminaires ne témoignent pas d’une altération des réponses chez les lombalgiques chroniques, nos travaux suggèrent que la pratique d’activités physiques pourrait diminuer le niveau de fatigabilité des muscles paravertébraux, et ainsi limiter les risques de blessure et de contre-performance, en améliorant les réponses aérobies à l’exercice. / Introduction: Paraspinal muscles are required continuously during daily tasks for trunk stabilization and mobilization. For this, aerobic metabolism muscle contribution is required. Chronic low back pain is characterized by a high level of fatigability and pain sensations in regard to paraspinal muscles. These symptoms may be attributed to an alteration in aerobic metabolism responses. Conversely, practising physical and sports activities (PSA) could improve these responses.Objective: The main objective was to determine the specificities in aerobic metabolism responses in regard to paraspinal muscles, in chronic low back pain patients following a functional restoration program and in healthy athletes.Method: Four studies have been conducted. Participants performed submaximal trunk extension exercises on an isokinetic dynamometer for five minutes, to assess paraspinal muscle aerobic metabolism responses to exercises. Chronic low back pain patients were paired with and compared to healthy individuals and followed during a functional restoration program, in which physical exercise was the main component. Also, healthy young individuals, with and without sport specialization, were compared with each other.Results/Conclusion: In chronic low back pain patients, the functional restoration program allows an acceleration in V̇O2, kinetics, an increase in paraspinal muscle oxygenation, and an increase in mechanical efficiency to exercise. In young athletes, the aerobic responses were also improved, and the changes in responses depended on the training modalities. Practicing SPA enhances the aerobic metabolism contribution during prolonged trunk extension exercise, in regard to paraspinal muscles. There was no difference in aerobic metabolism responses between the chronic low back pain patients and the healthy individuals, despite weak levels of maximal strength and high levels of muscle fatigability when exercising (for the chronic low back pain patients). Although the preliminary results did not attest to an alteration in aerobic responses in chronic low back pain patients, our results suggest that practising physical activities could limit paraspinal muscle fatigability, which could be a way to prevent injury and disappointing performances, by improving aerobic metabolism responses to exercise.

Alors que le principe d’une alternance entre les différentes temporalités de la formation professionnelle initiale des enseignants est relevé comme une nécessité, de nombreux travaux soulignent une « cassure » entre les expériences vécues par les enseignants novices (EN) en centre universitaire et les expériences professionnelles vécues dans l’établissement scolaire (Chaliès, Cartaut, Escalié et Durand, 2009). Pour y répondre, deux orientations en matière d’aménagements des dispositifs de formation par alternance sont proposées. La première consiste à « déplacer le centre de gravité » (Zeichner, 2006) de la formation vers l’établissement scolaire. La seconde consiste, à l’inverse, à déplacer le centre de gravité de la formation vers le centre universitaire et proposer aux EN des dispositifs qui placent la professionnalisation au centre des apports. Paradoxalement, la pratique des activités physiques, sportives et artistiques (APSA) dans la formation professionnelle initiale des enseignants d’éducation physique et sportive (EPS) n’est jamais interrogée dans le cadre de cette deuxième orientation. Rares sont en effet les travaux ayant étudié comment aménager les enseignements théorico-pratiques relatifs aux APSA afin qu’ils contribuent effectivement à la professionnalisation des EN. Cette étude a été réalisée à partir d’un dispositif usuel de formation des EN d’EPS. En prenant appui sur un programme de recherche mené en anthropologie culturaliste (Chaliès et Bertone, 2017), un premier dispositif transformatif a été mis en œuvre afin de permettre aux EN d’EPS d’exploiter leurs expériences de pratique d’APSA lors de leur enseignement de cette APSA à des étudiants-élèves. A partir des résultats obtenus, une seconde transformation a été menée. Elle était pensée pour permettre aux EN d’EPS d’exploiter des expériences liées à l’enseignement dans lesquelles étaient intégrées leurs expériences de pratique d’APSA pour être en capacité d’enseigner cette APSA à des élèves. Cette double transformation devait permettre d’ (in)valider deux hypothèses auxiliaires relatives à la formation à l’enseignement des EN d’EPS à partir d’expériences de pratiquant dans les APSA. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les transformations engagées ont permis aux EN de s’engager dans une activité d’enseignement chargée d’expériences normatives situées (ENS) suivies en tant que pratiquant. Plus précisément, ils montrent la nécessité pour les EN d’apprendre des ENS constitutives de l’enseignement et d’être accompagnés par un formateur dans le processus de « susbtrafication » d’ENS suivies en tant que pratiquant au sein d’ENS suivies en tant qu’enseignant. Finalement, une proposition de conception d’un dispositif de formation professionnelle des EN d’EPS est réalisée. / While the principle of an alternation between the different temporalities of initial teacher training is noted as a necessity, many studies point to a "break" between the experiences experienced by novice teachers (NT) in the university center and the experiments the school (Chaliès, Cartaut, Escalié and Durand, 2009). In order to answer this question, two guidelines for the development of alternance training schemes are proposed. The first is to "shift the center of gravity" (Zeichner, 2006) from the training to the school. The second is to move the center of gravity of the training towards the university center and propose to the NT devices that place professionalization at the center of the contributions. Paradoxically, the practice of physical, sports and artistic activities (PSAA) in the initial professional training of physical education and sports (PES) teachers is never questioned in this second orientation. Few studies have studied how to organize the theoretical-practical lessons of PSAA so that they effectively contribute to the professionalization of NT.This study was carried out on the basis of a usual training system for PES NT. Based on a research program carried out in cultural anthropology (Chaliès and Bertone, 2017), a first transformative device was implemented in order to enable the PES NT to exploit their experiences of PSAA practice during their teaching of this PSAA to students of university. From the results obtained, a second transformation was carried out. It was designed to enable PES NT to use teaching-related experiences in which their PSAA practice experiences were integrated to be able to teach PSAA to students. This twofold transformation was intended to (in)validate two auxiliary hypotheses related to the teaching of PES NT from practitioner experiences in PSAA.The results obtained show that the transformations initiated enabled the NT to engage in a teaching activity in charge of normative experiments located (NEL) followed as a practitioner. More specifically, they demonstrate the need for NT to learn NEL about teaching and to be accompanied by a trainer in the NEL "susbtrafication" process followed as practitioners in NEL followed by as a teacher. Finally, a proposal for the design of a vocational training system for PES NT is carried out.

Magistro darbo santrauka Darbe atlikta teorinė taikomosios fizinės ir sportinės veiklos poveikio neįgaliųjų gyvenimo kokybės gerinimo sampratos ir regėjimo negali�� turinčių asmenų taikomosios fizinės ir sportinės veiklos ypatumų analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad, taikant taikomąją fizinę ir sportinę veiklą, galima pagerinti regėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų psichosocialinę sveikatą, biosocialinių įgūdžių, fizinio pajėgumo rodiklius. Hipotezė iškelta remiantis konceptualiu teiginiu: aktyvi fizinė veikla ir sportas turi teigiamą poveikį visapusiškam asmens vystymuisi. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – identifikuoti taikomosios fizinės ir sportinės veiklos poveikio ypatumus regėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų gyvenimo kokybės aspektu. Atlikta statistinė (aprašomoji dažnių, vidurkių) duomenų analizė. Tyrime dalyvavo 101 regėjimo negalią turintis respondentas, iš jų 55 aktyviai sportuojantys ir 46 neaktyviai. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjami sportuojančiųjų regėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų sveikata, fizinis aktyvumas, psichosocialinė sveikata, socializacijos agentai, požiūris į negalią, taikomosios fizinės ir sportinės veiklų poveikio priemonių veiksmingumas. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Sportuojantys regėjimo negalią turintys asmenys sportine veikla tenkina vieną iš svarbiausių socialinių poreikių – bendravimo poreikį; tai savo ruožtu gerina jų gyvenimo kokybę. 2. Neaktyviai sportuojantys neįgalieji sveikatą, fizinį aktyvumą ir fizinį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Master’s Degree Thesis Summary In the present thesis, there is performed the theoretical analysis of the concept of the effect of applied physical and sports activities on improvement of the life quality for the disabled and of the peculiarities of the applied physical and sports activities of people with vision disabilities. There is raised a hypothesis, that applying physical and sports activities, it is possible to improve the psychosocial health and rates of biosocial skills and physical fitness of people with vision disabilities. The hypothesis is raised with reference to the conceptual statement: active physical activities and sports have positive effect on comprehensive development of the person. Using the method of questionnaire survey, the research was performed. Its objective was to identify the peculiarities of the effect of the applied physical and sports activities in the aspect of life quality improvement for people with vision disabilities. The statistical (descriptive of frequencies, averages) analysis of data was performed. 101 respondents with vision disabilities participated in the research. 55 of them went in for sports actively and 46 – inactively. In the empiric part of the thesis, there are considered the health, physical activeness, psychosocial health, agents of socialisation, approach to the disability people with vision disabilities, who go in for sports, as well as the efficiency of the measures of the applied physical and sports... [to full text]

6 Abstract Title: Monitoring the effect of selected physical activities considering the risk of falling down in the elderly. Objectives: The aim of this work is to compare the effect of two physical activities used in the prevention of falling down in the elderly, on the traveled distance using the 6MWT (Six Minute Walk Test).The two chosen physical activities are "Nordic walking" and "Sensomotoric stimulation". Methods:Initially, a literature research was conducted in the key area of prevention of falling down in the elderly, the possibilities of physical treatment in this risky group of people, and then were the "Nordic walking" and "Sensomotoric stimulation" activities chosen, as methods used in the prevention of falling down. Two groups were created: "The Nordic Walking Activity Group" and the "Sensomotoric Stimulation Physical Activity Group". The length and intensity of workouts: weeklyfor3-month period, min. 60 minutes and max. 3 hours. Each group counts from 9 to 10 clients, with their age range being between 60 and 69 years. A standardized 6MWT (Six Minute Walk Test) is used to obtain the data to be processed. The results were statistically evaluated using Microsoft Office Excel XP Professional. Three times took place the measurement of each client, at the beginning of physical activity, in the 2nd...

Introdução: No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde desenvolve estratégias para intervir nos condicionantes das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis por meio da incorporação das Práticas Complementares e Integrativas em Saúde no SUS. Dentre estas práticas, se destacam os grupos de caminhada (GC) por seguirem os preceitos da Promoção da Saúde, contemplando, sobretudo, a autonomia dos profissionais e população. Estas práticas visam complementar as ações clínicas das Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) e os enfermeiros têm grande potencial para incorporar esta ação à sua prática profissional. Objetivo: Caracterizar a inserção e a prática dos enfermeiros nos grupos de caminhada (GC) das Unidades com ESF de São Paulo. Metodologia: Foram entrevistados 27 enfermeiros que participavam dos GC, utilizando-se instrumentos de caracterização do GC, da prática profissional do enfermeiro no GC e para avaliação do nível de conhecimento sobre Atividade Física para Promoção da Saúde (AF/PS) com o instrumento padronizado do Programa Agita São Paulo. O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado utilizando-se os programas Excel® e SPSS. Resultados: Dentre as Unidades com ESF, 95 tinham GC, sendo que 38 eram organizados por enfermeiros. Na média, os GC tinham duração de 48 minutos e aconteciam 3 vezes por semana. A maioria dos enfermeiros (55%) afirmou avaliar os usuários para inclusão no GC e em 40% dos grupos a caminhada era precedida por avaliação clínica. Quanto ao nível de conhecimento (NC) sobre AF/PS nenhum entrevistado acertou todas as questões em relação à intensidade, frequência semanal, duração e modo de execução diária para AF/PS, 40% acertaram apenas uma questão e 22% não acertou nenhuma. Conclusão: Apesar da inserção privilegiada dos enfermeiros para fortalecer ações de promoção da saúde na ESF o NC dos enfermeiros sobre AF/PS mostrou-se inadequado, indicando a necessidade de processos de educação continuada voltadas para a incorporação desses conceitos. Em relação aos GC nas Unidades de Saúde, sugere-se a elaboração de guias que norteiem as ações dos profissionais envolvidos tanto no aspecto instrumental quanto gerencial. / Introduction: In Brazil, the Ministry of Health has been developing strategies to intervene in the conditions of chronic, non-transmissible diseases through the incorporation of Complementary and Integrative Practices within the Brazilian National Healthcare System (SUS). Among these practices, the one that most stands out is the Walking Groups (WG) by following the precepts of Health Promotions, contemplating, above all, the autonomy of professionals and the population. These practices are intended to complement the clinical actions of the Family Health Team (FHT) and the nurses have a great potential to incorporate these actions into their professional practice. Objective: To characterize the insertion and the practice of nurses in the WG of the FHT units in Sao Paulo. Methods: Twenty-seven (27) registered nurses who participated in the WG were interviewed. The instruments were used to characterize the WG, the professional practice of nurses in the WG and the standardized instrument for assessing the knowledge level regarding Physical Activities for Health Promotion (PA/HP) of the program called Agita São Paulo. The statistical processing of data was performed using the programs Excel® and SPSS. Results: Within the FHT units, 95 had WG of which 38 were organized by nurses. On the average, the WG duration was 48 minutes and it took place 3 times per week. The majority of nurses (55%) affirmed that they evaluated the users for inclusion into the WG and in 40% of the groups; the actual walking was preceded by a clinical evaluation. Regarding the knowledge level about PA/HP, none of the interviewees correctly answered all of the questions concerning the intensity, weekly frequency, duration and daily mode of implementation for PA/HP, 40% correctly answered only 1 question and 22% incorrectly answered all of them. Conclusion: Despite the inclusion of privileged actions by the nurses to strengthen health promotion in the FHT, the inadequate scores concerning PA/HP, obtained by the nurses, clearly indicates a necessity for continuing education processes directed toward the incorporation of these concepts. In relation to the WG in the FHT Units, this study shows that there is a need to elaborate instruments to guide the actions of the professionals involved in both the managerial and instrumental aspect.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Xavier.pdf: 4633636 bytes, checksum: 44f0b43041f631c89e4d0e9680f12c4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 / The urban quality of an environment is closely linked to its ecosystem and the quality of life that it provides. Its relationship with urban green space has proved solid, and , among many benefits, these places promote opportunities for physical activity (PA). In Presidente Prudente - SP, the Parque do Povo is the main public green space for recreation and sports in the city, distinguished by its active use, which can be seen every day. This study aims to investigate the relationship between urban environmental quality and PA practice, and discuss how the environment can act in health promotion strategies. The level of physical activity and characteristics of use/ park users were collected through the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), instrument that is based on systematic observations (scans) of preselected target areas. It was also used a questionnaire applied to 200 park users 18+, on assorted days and times. Data collection was done during the first half of 2015, and 19,105 individuals were observed. The park proved to be a significant local for PA practice, since sedentary activities represented only 27% of the total observed. The adult population represented 59% of the sample, and males 65%. Few children were seen in the park on weekdays and few elderly people were seen on weekends. Men engaged in more vigorous activities than women, and occupied the block with more sports facilities in disproportionately greater numbers. Nighttime was the most attended in total (53%), and the blocks with more equipment and facilities stood out for its use. Most park users lives in its vicinity and has higher level. The reasons related to health were the most featured for PA practice. Among the respondents, 95% said that the park is a place that motivates them to perform AF, and the factor "green environment" was the most valued for the park selection. The study showed a positive relationship between environmental quality brought by the park and the PA practice. These results may be related to the implementation process of the place and its consequent social and economic rise, which led to the predominance of middle / upper class users, who tend to be more aware and available for the pursuit of health through physical activity. The amount of vegetation proved to be a crucial factor and closely related to the psychological motivation of users. The results clarify that certain times of the day and week, as well as other user preferences should be considered by managers and professionals to increase the effectiveness of programs aimed at promoting health. These incentive programs could enhance the use of these spaces, increase the AF level held in these locations, and also work with its diverse and democratic use. / A qualidade urbana de um ambiente está intimamente ligada ao seu ecossistema e à qualidade de vida que o mesmo lhe proporciona. Sua relação com espaços verdes urbanos tem se mostrado sólida, e, entre inúmeros benefícios, esses locais promovem oportunidades para a prática de atividades físicas (AF). Em Presidente Prudente SP, o Parque do Povo é o principal espaço verde público de lazer e esportes da cidade, destacando-se por seu uso ativo, que pode ser observado todos os dias. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a relação entre qualidade urbana ambiental e a prática de AF, e discutir como o ambiente pode agir em estratégias de promoção de saúde. O nível de AF e características do uso/usuários do parque foram coletados através do System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), instrumento que se baseia em observações sistemáticas (scans) de áreas alvo pré-selecionadas. Também foi feito o uso de questionário aplicado a 200 frequentadores do parque maiores de 18 anos, em dias da semana e horários alternados. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante o primeiro semestre de 2015 e 19.105 indivíduos foram observados. O parque mostrou-se um ambiente significativo para a prática de AF, já que as atividades sedentárias representaram apenas 27% do total observado. A população adulta representou 59% da amostra, e o gênero masculino 65%. Poucas crianças foram vistas no parque nos dias de semana e poucos idosos foram vistos aos finais de semana. Os homens se envolveram mais em atividades vigorosas do que as mulheres, e ocuparam a quadra com mais instalações esportivas em número desproporcionalmente maior. O período noturno foi o mais frequentado no total (53%), e as quadras com mais equipamentos e instalações destacaram-se por seu uso. A maioria dos usuários do parque reside nas suas proximidades e possui nível superior. Os motivos relacionados a saúde foram os mais destacados para a prática de AF. Entre os respondentes, 95% afirmaram que o parque é um local que os motiva a praticar AF, sendo o fator ambiente verde o mais valorizado para escolha do local. O trabalho mostrou uma relação positiva entre a qualidade ambiental trazida pelo parque e a prática de AF. Esses resultados podem estar relacionados ao próprio processo de implantação do local e sua consequente elevação socioeconômica, que ocasionou o predomínio de usuários de classe média/alta, tendencialmente mais conscientes e disponíveis para a busca de saúde através da AF. A quantidade de vegetação mostrou-se um fator imprescindível e intimamente relacionada à motivação psicológica dos usuários. Os resultados encontrados esclarecem que determinados períodos do dia e da semana, bem como outras preferências dos usuários devem ser consideradas por gestores e profissionais para o aumento da eficácia de programas voltados à promoção da saúde. Esses programas de incentivo poderiam potencializar o uso desses espaços, aumentar o nível de AF realizado nesses locais, e, ainda, colaborar com seu uso diverso e democrático.

Title: Effect verification of interventional movement program on the motor skill development of children with specific needs. Objectives: The main goal of this thesis is to assess the level of physical skills of older school aged children based on the pretest using the MABC-2 test battery. Based on the analysis of pretest results, establish a movement interventional program and use a standardized questionnaire submitted to specialists to determine the effectiveness of the motor stimulation program for children with specific needs and improve the results of a potential post-test. Methods: The template for creating the movement program was collected data using the MABC-2 test battery obtained in six probands aged 11 to 13 years with specific needs. Originally, the practical part of my thesis was to deal with quasiexperiment, which was supposed to obtain data before and after the implementation of an interventional program which includes the movement program presented here. However, control measurements were not allowed due to government regulations due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Method of the pretest analysis of motor skills through the MABC-2 test battery and the method of the standardized questionnaire were used for the purpose of this thesis. Through this questionnaire, specialized experts...

I min SAG (Självständigt Arbete på Grundnivå) undersöktes den fysiska aktivitetens påverkan på elevers motorik, koncentration och skolprestation. Forskningen (Caterino & Polaks 1999; Ekblom 2011; Ericsson 2003; Schmidt, Egger & Conzelmanns 2015; Wrotniak et al. 2006) kom fram till att fysisk aktivitet har en positiv påverkan på alla tre områdena. I detta arbete vill jag undersöka elevernas kunskaper kring detta samt kunskaper om vad som händer i kroppen när de utför fysisk aktivitet. Idag rör sig barn allt mindre och det kan bero på lite olika faktorer, en av faktorerna kan vara deras attityd mot fysisk aktivitet.Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på elevers kunskaper i årskurs 2 om vad som händer i kroppen när de utför fysisk aktivitet. Syftet är också att undersöka deras kunskaper om hur fysisk aktivitet kan påverka deras motorik, koncentration och skolprestation. Dessutom vill jag även undersöka elevers attityder kring fysisk aktivitet.I teorin utgår jag dels från kunskapsteori som innefattar Platons teori samt kognitivismen. Det handlar om hur man tillägnat sig kunskaper, om det är sann fakta men även olika sätt att förklara och tolka saker. Kring attityden utgår jag från Nationalencyklopedins (u.å.) definition, att man antingen är för eller emot ett objekt, samt om kunskaper och attityder hänger samman. Detta ligger till grund för analysen av mitt material.I min metod valde jag att genomföra en enkät och fem gruppintervjuer varav en pilotintervju. Enkäten och intervjuerna har genomförts på två skolor i södra Skåne. De intervjuade eleverna valdes ut till intervju baserat på deras enkätsvar. Totalt 41 elever besvarade min enkät och 14 elever intervjuades. Alla intervjuerna har transkriberats och analyserats utifrån mina teorier.Resultatet visar att elever har väldigt liten kunskap om vad som biologiskt händer i kroppen när de utför fysisk aktivitet. Eleverna påvisar inte heller några kunskaper om hur fysisk aktivitet kan förbättra deras motorik eller skolprestation. Dock finns kunskaper kring hur koncentrationen kan påverkas då majoriteten av eleverna känner sig piggare och lugnare när de utövar fysisk aktivitet.

The topic of the diploma thesis is the influence of a low-carbohydrate diet on the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. It is an autoimmune disease for which it is necessary for patients to administer insulin. The selection of suitable sports activities, good health and mental condition and, above all, the adjustment of eating habits also contribute to the successful compensation of diabetes. This work demonstrates a low-carbohydrate diet as one of the possibilities diabetics can eat. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part briefly describes the disease and presents the recommended and a low- carbohydrate diet. The following section also addresses physical activity. It describes the issues of sports for people with diabetes who are on a regular diet, as well as on low-carbohydrate diet. The practical part shows the results of glucose sensors (Free Style Libre, Dexcom G6 and Medtronic), which continuously measure blood sugar levels. In the practical part, eight respondents with type 1 diabetes, who switched the recommended diet for a low-carbohydrate diet, were surveyed in the form of a questionnaire. The purpose of the questionnaire was to assess the effects of switching to a low- carbohydrate diet on: the compensation of diabetes; the frequency of...