abstract: Given the current focus on high-stakes accountability in America's public schools, this study examined teacher evaluation specific to physical education. This study revealed current teacher evaluation practices used in physical education, perceptions of school administrators related to the value of the physical education evaluation process, and the perceptions of the physical education teachers related to the value of the evaluation process. The first phase of this study was an interpretive document analysis study conducted on four separate teacher evaluation systems commonly used within the public school system to evaluate physical education teachers. Those four systems were: Marzanos teacher evaluation model, Danielson framework for teaching (FFT), Rewarding Excellence in Instruction and Leadership (REIL), and Teacher Advancement Program (TAP). A separate evaluation instrument specific to physical education created by the National Association of Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) was used as a comparative evaluation tool. Evidence suggests that two of the four teacher evaluation systems had a high percentage of alignment with the NASPE instrument (TAP 87.5%, FFT 82.5%). The Marzano teacher evaluation model had the least amount of alignment with the NASPE instrument (62.5%). The second phase of this study was a phenomenological approach to understanding administrators' and physical education teachers' perceptions to teacher evaluation specific to physical education. The participants in this study were administrators and physical education teachers from an urban school district. An informal survey and formal semi-structured interviews were used to reveal perceptions of teacher evaluation specific to physical education. Evidence from the administrator's informal survey and formal semi-structured interviews revealed four common themes: (1) "I value PE, but I live in reality" (administrators value physical education, but practice in reality); (2) "good teaching is good teaching"; (3) "I know my limitations, and I want/need help" (relative to teacher evaluation in PE); and (4) where's the training beef? Evidence from the physical education teacher's informal survey and formal semi-structured interviews revealed three common themes: (a) physical education is valued, but not prioritized; (b) teacher evaluation in physical education is "greatly needed, yet not transparent; (c) physical educators are not confident in their evaluator. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physical Education 2014

Neste estudo tem-se o objetivo de compreender de que modo quatro professores de Educação Física iniciantes constroem suas identidades profissionais em quatro escolas da Rede Municipal de Educação de Novo Hamburgo/RS, adotando-se como opção metodológica o estudo de caso etnográfico. Essa metodologia considera cada caso como um caso a ser estudado, entendendo aspectos que podem ser semelhantes a outros casos e particulares ao próprio, pelo viés da etnografia, considerando a particularidade de cada escola e suas diferentes culturas escolares. Os instrumentos de coleta das informações foram a observação participante, os registros em diário de campo, os diálogos, as entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise de documentos. O trabalho de campo ocorreu no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2013. Na compreensão do tema de estudo foram aprofundados conceitos-chave: conceito de identidades, identidades docentes, identidades docentes em Educação Física e sobre o professor iniciante, entendendo-se que a construção das identidades profissionais dos professores ocorre desde o reconhecimento de seu percurso e sua história. O estudo de casos etnográficos permitiu compreender que as identidades profissionais desses docentes carregam elementos de seus percursos de vida, de suas experiências sociais experimentadas no período da infância e adolescência transportando-se para suas práticas nas escolas. Esses docentes iniciantes viveram situações em seus cotidianos nas escolas que os convocavam a adotar estratégias para sobreviver a toda a demanda que lhes era exigida. A perspectiva de olhar para cada caso como um caso de estudo considera o percurso do indivíduo, sua história, o que o levou a estar naquele lugar, naquela escola e a fazer o que faz. Para compreender a construção da identidade profissional dos professores de Educação Física iniciantes é importante considerar que o processo de formação não está vinculado apenas aos cursos de formação profissional, pois os estudantes de EF já possuem uma formação na condição de estudantes da Educação Básica e transportam para a formação inicial algumas de suas crenças e valores. Nesse sentido as crenças ou as representações de docência podem ser tão fortes que a formação profissional nos cursos de graduação não as transforma por completo. Outro achado de destaque nas considerações transitórias desse estudo diz respeito à condição de professores em trânsito. Um dos casos de estudo apresentados refere-se a um docente, residente na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, cujo primeiro local de trabalho, na qualidade de professora de Educação Física, é a cidade de Novo Hamburgo, RS. Iniciar na carreira e em outra cidade, com uma cultura diferente da que já se conhece, foi um desafio para essa professora. Reconhecer que estava em outra cultura e, portanto, ser convocada desde os primeiros dias na escola a organizar suas práticas considerando o contexto em que estava atuando, foi marcante na construção de sua identidade docente em Educação Física. Os estudos de casos etnográficos partem, portanto, de uma perspectiva para entender cada caso como um caso de estudo, considerando o percurso dos sujeitos pequisados e sua relação com a cultura de cada escola. Descrever como cada sujeito se constrói docente, estando ele imerso em uma cultura escolar, implica esforço para tentar traduzir o fenômeno observado a fim de que contribua para a transformação também daquele que o lê, conferindo novos significados a uma compreensão ampliada sobre a formação de professores. / This dissertation goals to understand how four physical education teachers beginners construct their professional identities in four schools in the Municipal Education Network Novo Hamburgo / RS. To this end, I adopted as a methodological option the study of ethnographic cases with four physical education teachers of beginners. This methodology considers each case as a case to be studied, understood aspects that may be similar to other cases and particular to the case itself, the ethnography of bias, considering the particularity of each school and its different school cultures. The instruments for data collection were participant observation, records in a field diary, the dialogues, the semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The fieldwork lasted from January 2013 to December 2013. Understanding In the subject of study delved key concepts such as the concept of identities, teacher identities, teacher identities in physical education teacher and the beginner, understanding that the construction of professional identities of teachers occurs from the recognition of his journey, about their history. The study of ethnographic cases allowed professionals to understand that the identities of these teachers carry elements of their life trajectories, their social experiences experienced during childhood and adolescence transporting to their practices in schools. These novice teachers experienced situations in their daily lives in schools that summoned them to adopt strategies to survive all the demand that was required. The prospect of looking at each case as a case study considers the route of the individual, its history, which led him to be in that place at that school and doing what you do. To understand the construction of the professional identity of teachers of Physical Education beginners is important to consider that the training process is something that is not tied solely to vocational training, for Physical Education students already have training provided students of Basic Education and carrying for initial training, some of their beliefs and values. In this sense the beliefs or representations of teaching these Physical Education teachers may be so strong that vocational training in undergraduate programs do not completely transforms. Another finding of transitional considerations highlighted in this study relates to the condition of teachers in transit. I learned this idea from one of the case study presented, where one of the teachers live in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, the first place to see your work as a Physical Education teacher in the city of Novo Hamburgo. Log in career and in another city with a different culture is already known, was presented as a challenge to this teacher. Recognize that was in another culture and therefore be called from the earliest days in school to organize their practices considering the context in which it was operating, was remarkable in building their professional identity in Physical Education. / Este estudio tiene por objetivo comprender cómo cuatro profesores de Educación Física construyen sus identidades profesionales en cuatro escuelas de la red de educación del Ayuntamiento de Novo Hamburgo/RS, adoptándose como opción metodológica el estudio de caso etnográfico.. Esta metodología considera cada caso como un caso a ser estudiado, entendiendo aspectos que pueden ser parecidos a otros casos y en particular al propio, a través de la orientación etnográfica, considerando la particularidad de cada escuela y sus diferentes culturas escolares. Los instrumentos de recogida de informaciones fueran la observación participante, los registros en diario de campo, los diálogos, las entrevistas semi-estructuradas y el análisis de documentos. El trabajo de campo se ha desarrollado en le período de enero de 2013 hasta diciembre de 2013. En la comprensión del tema de la investigación, fueran profundizados conceptos clave: concepto de las identidades, de las identidades docentes, de las identidades docentes en Educación Física y sobre el profesor principiante, entendiéndose que la construcción de las identidades profesionales de los profesores ocurre desde el reconocimiento de su trayecto y de su historia. El estudio de casos etnográficos ha permitido comprender que las identidades profesionales de estos docentes llevan elementos de sus historias de vida, de sus experiencias sociales vividas en la niñez y adolescencia que son transferidas para sus prácticas en las escuelas. Estos docentes principiantes han vivido situaciones en sus cotidianos escolares que les convoca a adoptar estrategias para sobrevivir a toda la demanda que se les era exigida. La perspectiva de ver cada caso como un caso de estudio considera el trayecto de la persona, su historia, lo que le ha llevado a estar en ese lugar, en esa escuela y hacer lo que hace. Para comprender la construcción de la identidad profesional de los profesores de Educación Física principiantes es importante tener en cuenta que el proceso de formación no está vinculado exclusivamente a los ambientes de formación profesional, pues los estudiantes de Educación Física ya han construido una formación como estudiantes de la Educación Básica y, por lo tanto, transportan para la formación inicial de profesores, algunas de sus creencias y valores. En este sentido, las creencias o las representaciones de docencia de esos profesores de Educación Física pueden ser tan fuertes que la formación profesional en los programas de formación de profesores no las transforma completamente. Otro hallazgo importante en la investigación se refiere a la condición de profesores en tránsito. Uno de los estudios presentados se refiere a una docente, que vive en el área metropolitana de Porto Alegre, cuyo primer puesto de trabajo como profesora de Educación Física, es la ciudad de Novo Hamburgo. Entrar en la carrera y en otra ciudad, con una cultura diferente de la que ya se conoce, fue un reto a esa docente. Reconocer que estaba en otra cultura y, por lo tanto, ser convocada desde los primeros días en la escuela a organizar sus prácticas considerando el contexto en que estaba enseñando, fue importante en la construcción de su identidad docente en Educación Física. Los estudios de casos etnográficos parten de una perspectiva para entender cada caso como un caso de estudio, considerando el trayecto de los sujetos investigados y su relación con la cultura de cada escuela. Describir como cada sujeto se construye docente, estando inmerso en una cultura escolar, implica esfuerzo para intentar traducir el fenómeno observado con el fin de que contribuya, también, para la transformación de la persona que lo lee, conferiendo nuevos significados para una comprensión ampliada sobre la formación de profesores.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PRISCILA_DISSERTACAO FINAL 2014 - CAPA DURA-CORRECAO.pdf: 3016221 bytes, checksum: eaa220421ed6a52e0598667a7ab447d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-26 / This paper refers to a qualitative research linked to the Masters in Education from the Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente-SP, performed in the search line The Teacher Pedagogical Practice and Formation. The objectives were to understand the working features of continuing formation that promotes the teachers professional development starting with a school that cares about the practices organization of a work of this nature. The focus of this analysis was the performance of physical education teachers, their participation, reactions, and use of activities in continuing formation. The research field was a private school of a city called Santa Fé do Sul SP with the following procedures of data collection: questionnaire with physical education teachers, interview with the school managers, documental analysis of the course teaching plans, materials of the collective study, pedagogical and political project of the school and even remarks "in loco" of the sessions in service continuing formation. Two physical education teachers participated in the survey, the pedagogical director and the four active coordinators in the school in 2013.The research is based on the works of in services continuing formation of Duarte, Hunger, Imbernon, Marin, Ribeiro, and Tardif. The national curriculum guidelines of physical education were also consulted. In the content analysis were used the methodology indicated by Laurence Bardin, which provided to organize the information in categories. With the obtained data we could note that the practice of continuing formation and regulation of study sessions must rely on the suggestions and contributions of teachers together in defining the schedule and agenda, the continuing formation in service should not be held as substitutive formation gaps of initial formation; it must work the technical dimensions, pedagogical social and political dimensions contributing to the interactive and reflective formation of the professionals teaching; develop collaborative culture and make teachers able to evaluate their own practice, reflecting on it. / O presente trabalho se refere a uma pesquisa qualitativa, ligada ao Programa de Mestrado em Educação da Universidade do Oeste Paulista de Presidente Prudente-SP, realizada na linha de pesquisa Formação e prática do profissional do ensino. Teve-se por objetivos compreender as características do trabalho de formação continuada em serviço que promove o desenvolvimento profissional dos docentes a partir de uma escola que se preocupa com a organização das atividades de um trabalho dessa natureza. O foco dessa análise foi a atuação dos professores de Educação Física, sua participação, reações e aproveitamento das atividades desenvolvidas em formação continuada. O campo da pesquisa foi uma Escola Privada da cidade de Santa Fé do Sul SP, com os seguintes procedimentos de coleta de dados: questionário com professores de Educação Física, entrevista com as gestoras da escola, análise documental dos planos de ensino da disciplina, materiais de estudo coletivo, projeto político pedagógico da escola e ainda observações in loco das sessões de formação contínua em serviço. Participaram da pesquisa os dois professores de Educação Física, a diretora pedagógica e as quatro coordenadoras atuantes na escola em 2013. A pesquisa tem por fundamento os trabalhos sobre Formação Contínua em serviço de Duarte, Hunger, Imbernón, Marin, Ribeiro e Tardif. Foram consultadas também as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Educação Física. Na análise de conteúdo utilizou-se a metodologia indicada por Laurence Bardin, que proporcionou organizar as informações em categorias. Dos dados obtidos pudemos constatar que as atividades de formação contínua e a regulamentação das sessões de estudo devem contar com as sugestões e participações dos docentes em conjunto na definição do cronograma e pauta; a formação contínua em serviço não deve ser realizada como suplência das lacunas da formação inicial, ela deve trabalhar as dimensões técnica, pedagógico-social e política contribuindo para a formação interativo-reflexiva dos profissionais de ensino; desenvolver cultura colaborativa e fazer com que os professores consigam avaliar a própria prática refletindo sobre ela.

L'enjeu de cette thèse est double : il s'agit d'une part à produire des connaissances sur les processus à l'oeuvre dans le développement de l'activité d'un professeur d'EPS expérimenté, d'autre part de montrer qu'il est possible de transformer les conceptions et/ou les pratiques de formation en faisant du travail réalisé en classe un objet de pensée et d'interlocution en dehors de son contexte de réalisation. A partir du constat d'une difficulté professionnelle, l'insuffisante pénétration des contenus de la formation continue dans les pratiques quotidiennes des enseignants d'EPS, nous avons mené une intervention-recherche en milieu de travail enseignant. Notre action s'inscrit dans les cadres conceptuels et méthodologiques développés en Clinique de l'activité (Clot, 1995, 1999, 2008) ; nous avons mobilisé le cadre des autoconfrontations croisées (Clot & Faïta, 2000; Clot, Faïta, Fernandez, & Scheller, 2001) dans le but de seconder les professionnels dans leur efforts pour « travailler » leur expérience et reprendre la main sur des situations de travail problématiques. En associant formateurs et formés dans cette démarche, nous avons permis : d'une part, de rendre visible aux yeux des formateurs le réel de l'activité des formés; d'autre part de redécouvrir chez les enseignants spécialistes des façons de faire et des savoirs professionnels incorporés, souvent passés sous silence en formation ; l'éclairage ainsi apporté a permis d'interroger en retour, les contenus et pratiques de formation ; l'analyse du travail de l'enseignant dans sa classe constitue ainsi une trappe d'accès à la réflexion sur la formation et un moyen pour repenser cette dernière. / The stake in this thesis is double: it is a question on one hand of producing knowledge on the process at work in the development of the professional activity of experimented physical education teacher, on the other hand to show that it is possible to transform conceptions and/or practices of training by making some work realized in class an object of thought and interlocution out of its context of realization. From the report of a professional difficulty, insufficient penetration of the contents of the in-service training in the daily practices of PE teachers, we led an intervention- research. Our action is inspired by a clinic of activity methodological frame. We have proceeded at crossed self- confrontations with the aim of assisting the professionals in them efforts "to work" their experience and resume the hand on problematic working situations. By associating trainers and trained in this approach, we allowed: on one hand, to make visible in the eyes of the trainers the reality of the activity of the trained; on the other hand to rediscover at the teacher's specialists of the manners to make and incorporated, often untold professional knowledge in training; the lighting so brought allowed to question in return, the contents and the practices of training; the job analysis of the teacher in its class so establishes a trapdoor to accede to second thought on the training and a way to rethink this one.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PRISCILA_DISSERTACAO FINAL 2014 - CAPA DURA-CORRECAO.pdf: 3016221 bytes, checksum: eaa220421ed6a52e0598667a7ab447d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-26 / This paper refers to a qualitative research linked to the Masters in Education from the Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente-SP, performed in the search line The Teacher Pedagogical Practice and Formation. The objectives were to understand the working features of continuing formation that promotes the teachers professional development starting with a school that cares about the practices organization of a work of this nature. The focus of this analysis was the performance of physical education teachers, their participation, reactions, and use of activities in continuing formation. The research field was a private school of a city called Santa Fé do Sul SP with the following procedures of data collection: questionnaire with physical education teachers, interview with the school managers, documental analysis of the course teaching plans, materials of the collective study, pedagogical and political project of the school and even remarks "in loco" of the sessions in service continuing formation. Two physical education teachers participated in the survey, the pedagogical director and the four active coordinators in the school in 2013.The research is based on the works of in services continuing formation of Duarte, Hunger, Imbernon, Marin, Ribeiro, and Tardif. The national curriculum guidelines of physical education were also consulted. In the content analysis were used the methodology indicated by Laurence Bardin, which provided to organize the information in categories. With the obtained data we could note that the practice of continuing formation and regulation of study sessions must rely on the suggestions and contributions of teachers together in defining the schedule and agenda, the continuing formation in service should not be held as substitutive formation gaps of initial formation; it must work the technical dimensions, pedagogical social and political dimensions contributing to the interactive and reflective formation of the professionals teaching; develop collaborative culture and make teachers able to evaluate their own practice, reflecting on it. / O presente trabalho se refere a uma pesquisa qualitativa, ligada ao Programa de Mestrado em Educação da Universidade do Oeste Paulista de Presidente Prudente-SP, realizada na linha de pesquisa Formação e prática do profissional do ensino. Teve-se por objetivos compreender as características do trabalho de formação continuada em serviço que promove o desenvolvimento profissional dos docentes a partir de uma escola que se preocupa com a organização das atividades de um trabalho dessa natureza. O foco dessa análise foi a atuação dos professores de Educação Física, sua participação, reações e aproveitamento das atividades desenvolvidas em formação continuada. O campo da pesquisa foi uma Escola Privada da cidade de Santa Fé do Sul SP, com os seguintes procedimentos de coleta de dados: questionário com professores de Educação Física, entrevista com as gestoras da escola, análise documental dos planos de ensino da disciplina, materiais de estudo coletivo, projeto político pedagógico da escola e ainda observações in loco das sessões de formação contínua em serviço. Participaram da pesquisa os dois professores de Educação Física, a diretora pedagógica e as quatro coordenadoras atuantes na escola em 2013. A pesquisa tem por fundamento os trabalhos sobre Formação Contínua em serviço de Duarte, Hunger, Imbernón, Marin, Ribeiro e Tardif. Foram consultadas também as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Educação Física. Na análise de conteúdo utilizou-se a metodologia indicada por Laurence Bardin, que proporcionou organizar as informações em categorias. Dos dados obtidos pudemos constatar que as atividades de formação contínua e a regulamentação das sessões de estudo devem contar com as sugestões e participações dos docentes em conjunto na definição do cronograma e pauta; a formação contínua em serviço não deve ser realizada como suplência das lacunas da formação inicial, ela deve trabalhar as dimensões técnica, pedagógico-social e política contribuindo para a formação interativo-reflexiva dos profissionais de ensino; desenvolver cultura colaborativa e fazer com que os professores consigam avaliar a própria prática refletindo sobre ela.

L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier, suite à la loi du 11 février 2005, les perceptions et les pratiques des enseignants d’EPS confrontés à la problématique professionnelle de l’inclusion d’un élève en situation de handicap dans leurs cours ordinaires. Au regard de la complexité de cette problématique et de son caractère relativement récent, notre stratégie de recherche s’est initialement orientée sur une première phase exploratoire sortant du paradigme hypothético-déductif. Ce faisant, une étude systématique de la littérature scientifique internationale nous a permis de renforcer le cadre théorique de notre objet de recherche. Par la suite, l’étude inductive des textes officiels (français), depuis 1975, sur l’inclusion scolaire et l’inclusion en EPS, à permis de modéliser de façon théorique trois niveaux inclusifs des élèves en situation de handicap par les enseignants d’EPS, qualifiés d’insertion, d’intégration et de scolarisation. Suite à cette phase exploratoire des contenus écrits, une deuxième série d’études de terrain a permis de confronter nos trois niveaux théoriques à la réalité des perceptions des enseignants (questionnaires et entretiens) et de leurs pratiques effectives (observations systématiques de séances filmées). Nos résultats mettent en évidence : - l’existence similaire de trois niveaux d’inclusion sous forme de stades inclusifs dans les perceptions et les pratiques des enseignants d’EPS, - les caractéristiques de chaque stade inclusif aux niveaux des perceptions et des pratiques des enseignants. L’analyse croisée de ces différentes approches permet la proposition d’une modélisation de la pleine inclusion en EPS, qui, confrontée à la définition de nos trois stades inclusifs permet de mettre en évidence les évolutions entre les stades (leviers, obstacles). Le manuscrit se termine par un ensemble de pistes de réflexion en faveur des formations pour les étudiants et les enseignants d’EPS. / The objective of this work is to study, following the law of February 11th 2005, the perceptions and the practices of PE teachers facing professional problems of inclusion of a student with disabilities in their ordinary classes. Considering the complexity of the issue and its relative newness, our research strategy was initially focused on a first exploratory phase.In doing so, a systematic study of the international scientific literature has enabled us to confirm the theoretical framework of our research object. Thereafter, the inductive study of official documents (French) since 1975 on inclusive education and inclusion in PE allowed us to model three theoretical inclusive levels of students with disabilities by PE teachers, i.e : insertion (attendance), intégration (mainstreaming) and scolarisation (inclusion).Following this exploratory phase of written contents, a second series of field studies enabled us to compare our three theoretical levels with the reality of perceptions of PE teachers (questionnaires and interviews) and their actual practices (systematic observations of videotaped sessions). Our results show :- the confirmation of the existence of the three levels concerning perceptions and practices of PE teachers,- The characteristics of each inclusive levels about perceptions and practices of teachers.The cross-analysis of these approaches allowed the proposal of a model of full inclusion in PE. This model confronted to the three inclusive levels highlights the evolutions between inclusive levels (levers, obstacles). The manuscript ends with some perspectives for training for students and PE teachers.

Enligt en prognos från Skolverket (2021) visar det att lärarbristen på behöriga lärare är alldeles för hög, vilket kan orsaka allvarliga konsekvenser om detta inte åtgärds. Vilket gör det intressant att undersöka vad som får folk att välja läraryrket eller får folk att lämna. I denna studie kommer sociologiska teorier till valet av läraryrket undersökas, med ett mer specifikt syfte att undersöka idrottslärares perspektiv på sitt yrkesval och vad som får dem att stanna kvar i yrket. Detta med hjälp av en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer, där fem erfarna idrottslärare som har arbetat i högstadiet under minst fem års tid är respondenter i studien. Resultatet framlyser att ett allmänt intresse för idrott, engagemanget att arbeta med ungdomar och även tanken av att bidra till samhället var essentiella orsaker till yrkesvalet och vad som får dem att stanna. Resultatet påvisade även att psykosociala arbetsmiljön har en stor påverkan på varför folk lämnar yrket, och anses vara något som behövs fokuseras mer på för att åtgärda aktuella yrkesproblematiken. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att idrottslärares sociala bakgrund och värderingar har en samband till yrkesvalet där positiva upplevelser av tidigare idrottserfarenhet kan anknytas ihop med yrkesvalet kombinerad med goda värderingar att vilja bidra till samhället. Respondenterna såg på sitt uppdrag som krävande och utmanade i och med de höga kraven som sätt på deras arbete, men även givande av tanken att veta hur betydelsefull yrket är för samhället. Det åtgärder som behövs är att satsa mer på en bra psykosocial arbetsmiljö och dessutom har ett bra samarbete i arbetslaget. / A study from Skolverket (2021) indicate that the shortage of qualified teachers is exceedingly high, which can cause serious consequences if not remedied. Making it interesting to examine what makes people choose the teaching profession and see what keeps them from leaving. The purpose of this study is therefore too specific examine physical education teachers’ perspective on their choice of profession and what makes them stay. To achieve results a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews is going to be composed, with five experienced physical educations teachers’ who have worked in a high school for at least five years as respondents. The results shows that a general interest in sports, the commitment to work with the youths and the idea of contributing to society were essential reasons for the choice of profession and the reasoning to stay. The results also showed that the psychosocial work environment has a great impact to pursue more people to stay at the profession, and in addition the most important case that address the current occupational issues. In conclusion, this study show that physical education teachers’ social background and values have a connection to the choice of profession, where positive experience of previous sports experience can be linked to the choice of profession combined with good values of wanting to contribute to society. The respondents saw their assignment as demanding and challenging due to the high work demands, however just the idea of knowing how important the profession is to society makes it worth it. The remedies needed are to invest more in a good psychosocial work environment and have a good collaboration between the work team.

Syftet med studien är att försöka få en djupare förståelse för hur frånvaron ser ut i ämnet idrott och hälsa inom yrkesförberedande program och även hur idrottslärarna arbetar med motivationsarbete. Efter egna observationer under min VFU-period så såg jag en tydlig skillnad i frånvaro mellan dem olika programtyperna vilket blev än mer tydligt efter tillgång till en frånvarolista. Motivation är något som påverkar människan på olika sätt. Den självbestämmandeteorin användes för att se hur motivationen hos yrkeselever kan påverkas av kompetens, autonomi och samband. Den kvalitativa metoden utfördes i form utav ostrukturerade intervjuer med sex nuvarande idrottslärare från tre olika gymnasieskolor. Tre huvudteman utformades innan intervjuerna och dessa var motivationsfaktorer, frånvaro och motivationsarbete. En komplimenterande kvantitativ frånvarolista från min VFU skola användes också i studien. När motivationsfaktorerna diskuterades så framkom två huvudresultat, betygets vikt för den yttre motivationen och att den inre motivationen för ämnet generellt är lägre på yrkesprogram. Det andra temat ”frånvaro” var ensidigt där samtliga idrottslärare uttryckte att yrkesprogrammen generellt har mer frånvaro än högskoleförberedandeprogrammen. I det sista temat diskuterades motivationsarbetet och där framkom flexibilitet, direkt feedback och uppmuntran som sätt att motivera.  Motivationsfaktorerna innefattade vilka programtyper som hade mest inre motivation och yttre motivation och varför den motivationen uppstod. I temat ”frånvaro” så diskuterades anledningar till att frånvaron är högre på yrkesprogram. Idrottslärarnas motivationsarbete analyserades för att sedan diskutera varför en autonomistödjande lärarstil är att föredra. / The aim of the study is to get a deeper understanding in how absence occurs in vocational programs and how physical education teachers work with motivational work.  After my own observations during my internship in a high school I saw a visible difference in absence between vocational programs and college preparatory program which got clearerafter obtaining an absence list. Motivation is something that affects people in different ways. The Self-determination Theory was used to evaluate vocational students and how motivationcould be affected by competence, autonomy and relatedness. The qualitative method was performed with an unstructured interview with six currentphysical education teachers from three different high schools. Three main themes were made before the interviews and those where motivating factors, absence, and motivational work. A complimentary quantitative absence list from my internship school was also used in the study. When motivational factors were discussed during the interviews two main results wereformed, the importance in grades for students’ outer motivation and that inner motivation generally is worse in vocational programs. The second theme was absence where all participants answered the same way, vocational programs generally have more absence in physical education compared to college preparatory programs. The last theme discussed was the motivational work where flexibility, direct feedback and encouragement where ways tomotivate. Motivational factors included the program types which had a higher inner and outer motivation and why that motivation occurred. The theme “absence” provided reasons for the higher absence rate in vocational programs. The motivational work from physical educationteachers was first analyzed to then discuss the reason why an autonomy supported teaching style is recommended.

Esta pesquisa foca a imagem profissional do professor de educação física, considerando a notoriedade que essa profissão adquiriu na televisão ao longo dos últimos anos. O objetivo é explicitar alguns dos sentidos relacionados à abordagem da educação física presente no contexto de duas programações exibidas pela Rede Globo de televisão. A primeira foi retirada da décima oitava temporada da telenovela Malhação, e a segunda do quadro MEDIDA CERTA/ 90 DIAS PARA REPROGRAMAR O CORPO exibido pelo programa Fantástico no ano de 2011. A coleta dos dados ocorreu através do acesso ao site da emissora, que disponibiliza por um determinado tempo, os capítulos da telenovela, bem como as edições do quadro em foco. O método utilizado para nortear a análise do processo de produção dos sentidos foi o referencial teórico da Análise do Discurso segundo a perspectiva de Orlandi. Esse método nos permite percorrer trajetórias capazes de evidenciar sentidos explícitos e implícitos coexistentes no discurso. Assim foram trilhados caminhos específicos para compreensão de cada fenômeno, ou seja, para os dados retirados de Malhação lançamos mão da transcrição de diálogos, apresentação de cenas e consideração dos planos de câmera utilizados em sua produção. Para os dados provenientes do quadro MEDIDA CERTA, realizamos transcrição de falas e construímos categorias, que foram analisadas a partir de uma grade já existente, considerando o título, quem fala, o que é dito, o intermediário e as estratégias utilizadas para publicação do discurso. Quanto aos resultados, foi possível evidenciar que os sentidos relativos à educação física presentes na décima oitava temporada de Malhação foram inspirados basicamente no paradigma competitivo da área. Também foram conservados estereótipos ultrapassados acerca do profissional e da profissão, pois, os sentidos relativos ao professor de educação física idoso foram reduzidos à potencialização de características ligadas à desatualização. E no que confere aos resultados obtidos com a análise do segundo fenômeno, clarificamos que a educação física foi abordada com a utilização do discurso científico, a partir de estratégias pautadas no exemplo testado pelos jornalistas, e oferecidos aos telespectadores. A proposta presente no quadro MEDIDA CERTA colaborou para o entendimento de uma educação física baseada na perspectiva biológica, que se estabelece frente à imposição de um risco ao sujeito, se valorizando como fonte de salvação e encontrando-se fragmentada das questões sociais. As análises de ambos os fenômenos evidenciam significados que permeiam a educação física representada na mídia no atual momento histórico, propiciando também reflexões sobre alguns dos princípios que regem a elaboração de práticas corporais no âmbito da educação física. / This research focuses on the professional image of the physical education teacher, considering the notoriety that this profession has acquired on television in the last years. The purpose is to clarify some of the meanings related to the approach of physical education in the context of two programs aired by television channel Rede Globo. The first was based on the eighteenth season of the television series/soap opera "Malhação" and the second on TV frame Medida Certa Measure right / 90 days to reset the body", displayed by the program Fantástico in 2011. The data had taken through access to the TV channel website, which provides for a certain period, the chapters of the mentioned soap opera, as well as editions of that TV show. The method used to guide the analysis of the production process of the senses was the theoretical referential of Discourse Analysis from the perspective of Orlandi. This method allows us to tread ways able to show the explicit and implicit senses coexisting in the speech. So were trodden paths to specific understanding of each phenomenon, that is, for data taken from Malhação were used transcription of dialogues, scenes of presentation and consideration of the camera plans used in their production. For the data from the TV frame Medida Certa were used transcription lines and construction of categories analyzed from an existing grid, considering the title, the speaker, what is said, the intermediary and the strategies used for publication of speech. The results became clear that the senses concerning the physical education present in the eighteenth season of Malhação were inspired by the competitive paradigm area. The outdated stereotypes about the professional and profession were also preserved because the sense for the elderly professor of physical education has been reduced to augmentation of features related to academic outdated. In addition, the results obtained from the analysis of the second phenomenon could clarify that physical education has been dealt with the use of scientific discourse from strategies ruled by examples tested by journalists and offered to viewers. The proposal contained in the TV frame Medida Certa contributed to the representation of physical education as a profession based on biological perspective that is established against the imposition of a risk to the subject, rising as a source of salvation and being separated from cultural and social issues. Besides highlighting meanings that allude to physical education represented in the media in the current moment, the study provided reflections about some principles that regulate the establishment of bodily practices in physical education.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le programme de recherche empirique et technologique du «cours d’action » (Theureau, 1992) en anthropologie cognitive. Elle étudie la conception, l’usage et les effets d’un dispositif collectif de vidéo-formation, destiné à des étudiants de Licence STAPS pour développer leur capacité à analyser et comprendre des situations de classe en Éducation physique et sportive (EPS), à l’échelle de la leçon. Deux visées sont poursuivies : a) une visée épistémique cherchant à mieux comprendre les formes d’activité et d’expérience déployées par les étudiants en situation de vidéo-formation et b) une visée de conception technologique du dispositif de vidéo-formation orienté « activité » et répondant à une démarche de conception continuée dans l’usage. L’étude a été réalisée avec un groupe d’étudiants (n=15) inscrits dans une UE de préprofessionnalisation en 3ème année de Licence Éducation et Motricité en STAPS. Cinq types de données ont été recueillies durant le dispositif alternant des périodes de stages et de TD à l’Université : (i) des données d’enregistrement vidéo de l’activité en classe des étudiants durant le stage et aussi en formation, (ii) des traces écrites produites par les étudiants en stage et en formation (journaux de bord), (iii) des données d’entretien d’autoconfrontation sur leur activité en classe et (iv) sur leurs traces écrites, et (v) des données quantitatives et qualitatives issues de questionnaires. Les résultats révèlent (i) une appropriation par les étudiants d’une grille leur permettant d’analyser une leçon d’EPS et d’en discrétiser les moments-clés, (ii) une expérience vécue en vidéo-formation qui traduit une inclination réflexive sur les moments de face à face pédagogique dans la leçon d’EPS, (iii) quatre formes typiques d’analyse des vidéos de classe (décrire, juger, interpréter, se projeter), témoignant d’une activité d’observation centrée sur l’enseignant en classe comme manager, et d’une cécité aux apprentissages moteurs des élèves ; (iv) le rôle des pairs comme accélérateur de la capacité à analyser les pratiques de classe. Ces résultats relatifs à l’activité des étudiants en formation ont permis d’envisager conjointement la conception de différentes phases du dispositif, finalisée par une première plateforme de formation en ligne « Former à l’intervention en EPS » (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2014a), puis une seconde « Observation et Régul@ction en EPS » (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2016) / This thesis is part of the empirical and technological research program of the "course of action" (Theureau, 1992) in cognitive anthropology. She is studying the design, use and effects of a collective video-training device for undergraduate students in Physical Education to develop their ability to analyze and understand classroom situations in Physical Education. Two aims are pursued: a) an epistemic aim seeking to better understand the forms of activity and experience deployed by students in a video-training situation and b) a technological design aim of the "activity-oriented" video-training device and responding to a design in use process. The study was conducted with a group of students (n = 15) enrolled in a pre-professionalization course in the third year degree in Physical Education Teacher Education. Five types of data were collected during the device based on periods of internships and workshop at University: (i) video recording data of student's classroom activity during the internship and also during workshop, (ii) written records produced by students during internship and workshop, (iii) self-confrontation interview data on their activity in classroom and (iv) in their written records, and (v) quantitative and qualitative data from surveys. The results reveal (i) students' appropriation of a grid allowing them to analyze PE lesson and to analyze the key moments, (ii) a lived experience in video-training which reflects a reflexive inclination on pedagogical face-to-face moments in the PE lesson, (iii) four typical forms of classroom video analysis (describe, judge, interpret, project), evidence of teacher-centered observation activity in classroom as a manager, and a blindness to student motor learning activity; (iv) the role of peers as an accelerator of the ability to analyze class practices. These results relating to the activity of students in training made it possible to jointly consider the design of different phases of the system, finalized by a first online training platform "Former à l’intervention en EPS" (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2014a), then a second "Observation e tRégul@tion en EPS" (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2016)