Submitted by Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mídia e Cotidiano (ppgmc@vm.uff.br) on 2017-09-06T17:18:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final-1.pdf: 1719729 bytes, checksum: a4c867c2d6cbc95a83abb82a190d90b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jussara Moore (jussaramoore@id.uff.br) on 2017-09-22T12:44:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final-1.pdf: 1719729 bytes, checksum: a4c867c2d6cbc95a83abb82a190d90b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T12:44:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final-1.pdf: 1719729 bytes, checksum: a4c867c2d6cbc95a83abb82a190d90b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / Este trabalho procura analisar os diferentes enquadramentos (ENTMAN, 1993) das pesquisas eleitorais publicadas pelo jornal O Globo durante as eleições presidenciais no Brasil em 2014 (entre os meses de agosto e outubro). O estudo baseia-se em uma análise de conteúdo, e sua amostra inclui notícias que divulgam ou simplesmente mencionam os resultados das pesquisas eleitorais. Esta pesquisa concentra-se no jornal O Globo porque representa uma das maiores e mais poderosas corporações de mídia privada do país. O objetivo deste trabalho é entender como esse jornal e seus jornalistas utilizam as pesquisas eleitorais para construir uma narrativa política e, para aprofundar esse debate, foi importante compreender o que torna as pesquisas de intenção de voto dignas de notícia, procurando entender a natureza atual do trabalho jornalístico (TRAQUINA, 2013). Para analisar isso, também foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com jornalistas políticos que trabalham para O Globo e para outras fontes de notícias, bem como o presidente do TSE – Tribunal Superior Eleitoral – à época, ministro José Antonio Dias Toffoli. / This work seeks to analyse the different framings (ENTMAN, 1993) of election polls in print news published by O Globo during the presidential elections in Brazil in 2014 (between the months of August and October). The study draws from a content analysis and its sample includes news which either disseminate or simply mention the results of election polls. I have chosen to focus on the newspaper O Globo because this represents one of the largest and most powerful private media corporations in the country. The aim of this work is to understand the ways in which this particular newspaper and its journalists make use of election polls to construct a political narrative, questioning to what extent such uses might be consistent with the role of journalism in a democratic society. Indeed, here, I delve into some of these debates by examining what makes opinion polls newsworthy (TRAQUINA, 2013) in this context and by offering insights on the current nature of journalistic work and on how the latter can shape journalists’ uses of numbers in the process of news construction. In order to analyse this, I have also conducted in-depth interviews with political journalists who work for O Globo and other news outlets, as the president of Electoral Court, during the presidential campaign of 2014, the minister José Antonio Dias Toffoli.

<p>When the Internet was established in the early 1990`s the daily press got a new market to act on. Contacts with readers was strengthened through the internet and as the years went by interactivity became increasingly important – both for editorial and audience. One of the most common and most accessible forms of interaction is polls. This paper has examined within what contexts the newspapers are using polls – in other words in what values of news criteria’s do the articles connected to a vote belong to. The premise of this thesis has been the existence of interaction of newspapers and the valuation of news. The study has taken the form of a quantitative content analysis in which three types of newspapers, evening newspaper, morning paper and provincial press, have been studied on the web for one week. The study showed that the articles that the newspapers created polls about deal with the criteria nearness and celebrities. The result can also be summarized as a process in which an event first goes through the process of news valuation. If it then includes aspects of nearness, celebrities or politics and is designed as a topic of opinion, the probability is that it most likely includes a poll. This process can be known as the valutation of polls which is different from the valuation of news. Another important conclusion of the paper was that the evening newspapers use polls more frequently than other newspapers.</p> / <p>När Internet etablerades i början av 1990-talet fick dagspressen en ny marknad att agera på. Kontakten med läsarna stärktes och genom åren har interaktivitet blivit allt viktigare – både för redaktion och för publik. En av de vanligaste och mest lättillgängliga interaktionsformerna är omröstningar. Denna uppsats har undersökt inom vilka sammanhang som dagspressen använder sig av omröstningar – det vill säga vilka nyhetsvärderingskriterier som de anslutande artiklarna till en omröstning faller inom. Utgångspunkterna för uppsatsen har varit interaktionens existens hos dagspressen samt nyhetsvärdering. Undersökningen har skett i form av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där tre olika typer av dagstidningar, kvälls-, morgon och landsortspress, har studerats på Internet under en vecka. Studien visade att de artiklar som dagspressen främst skapar omröstningar kring behandlar kriterierna närhet och kändisar. Resultatet kan också sammanfattas som en process där en händelse först går igenom nyhetsvärderingen. Om det sedan innefattar aspekterna närhet, kändisar eller politik och är utformat som ett åsiktsämne är sannolikheten störst att det också finns en anslutande omröstning. Denna konstaterade process benämns som omröstningsvärdering vilket skiljer sig från vanlig nyhetsvärdering. En annan viktig slutsats utifrån uppsatsen är att kvällstidningar är flitigare användare av omröstningar än morgonpress och landsortspress.</p>

When the Internet was established in the early 1990`s the daily press got a new market to act on. Contacts with readers was strengthened through the internet and as the years went by interactivity became increasingly important – both for editorial and audience. One of the most common and most accessible forms of interaction is polls. This paper has examined within what contexts the newspapers are using polls – in other words in what values of news criteria’s do the articles connected to a vote belong to. The premise of this thesis has been the existence of interaction of newspapers and the valuation of news. The study has taken the form of a quantitative content analysis in which three types of newspapers, evening newspaper, morning paper and provincial press, have been studied on the web for one week. The study showed that the articles that the newspapers created polls about deal with the criteria nearness and celebrities. The result can also be summarized as a process in which an event first goes through the process of news valuation. If it then includes aspects of nearness, celebrities or politics and is designed as a topic of opinion, the probability is that it most likely includes a poll. This process can be known as the valutation of polls which is different from the valuation of news. Another important conclusion of the paper was that the evening newspapers use polls more frequently than other newspapers. / När Internet etablerades i början av 1990-talet fick dagspressen en ny marknad att agera på. Kontakten med läsarna stärktes och genom åren har interaktivitet blivit allt viktigare – både för redaktion och för publik. En av de vanligaste och mest lättillgängliga interaktionsformerna är omröstningar. Denna uppsats har undersökt inom vilka sammanhang som dagspressen använder sig av omröstningar – det vill säga vilka nyhetsvärderingskriterier som de anslutande artiklarna till en omröstning faller inom. Utgångspunkterna för uppsatsen har varit interaktionens existens hos dagspressen samt nyhetsvärdering. Undersökningen har skett i form av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där tre olika typer av dagstidningar, kvälls-, morgon och landsortspress, har studerats på Internet under en vecka. Studien visade att de artiklar som dagspressen främst skapar omröstningar kring behandlar kriterierna närhet och kändisar. Resultatet kan också sammanfattas som en process där en händelse först går igenom nyhetsvärderingen. Om det sedan innefattar aspekterna närhet, kändisar eller politik och är utformat som ett åsiktsämne är sannolikheten störst att det också finns en anslutande omröstning. Denna konstaterade process benämns som omröstningsvärdering vilket skiljer sig från vanlig nyhetsvärdering. En annan viktig slutsats utifrån uppsatsen är att kvällstidningar är flitigare användare av omröstningar än morgonpress och landsortspress.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / As estacas prÃ-fabricadas sÃo uma alternativa de fundaÃÃo indicada em situaÃÃes em que a vizinhanÃa nÃo apresenta restriÃÃes quanto a vibraÃÃes decorrentes de sua execuÃÃo. AlÃm disso, perfis de solos com baixa capacidade de suporte superficialmente e que se estende a maiores profundidades tambÃm apontam para a possibilidade de escolha dessa alternativa. Nestes casos, alÃm de outros, fundaÃÃes em estacas prÃ-fabricadas de concreto podem proporcionar fundaÃÃes tecnicamente possÃveis e economicamente mais atraente. Nesta dissertaÃÃo, à feito uma anÃlise da aplicabilidade dos principais mÃtodos de previsÃo de capacidade de carga e recalque de estacas prÃ-moldadas de concreto armado em perfis de solos granulares tÃpico dos encontrados comumente em Fortaleza. O objetivo deste trabalho à avaliar se previsÃes realizadas por mÃtodos semi-empÃricos de capacidade de carga e de recalque, realizados a partir de sondagens à percussÃo (SPT) e em perfis de solos granulares, sÃo concordantes tendo como referÃncia resultados de 7 provas de cargas estÃticas realizadas. AlÃm disso, pretende-se ainda avaliar se, provas de cargas interrompidas prematuramente sÃo capazes de serem extrapoladas de forma a proporcionar previsÃes da carga de ruptura concordantes. Para isso foram realizadas sondagens a percussÃo (SPT) e provas de cargas em alguns locais situados em Fortaleza. A seguir foram estimados os valores da capacidade de carga e do recalque de cada estaca ensaiada nas provas de carga, e para a carga de trabalho, atravÃs de mÃtodos semi-empÃricos, utilizando valores do Ãndice resistÃncia de sondagens à percussÃo (NSPT) corrigidos, e nÃo corrigidos, a partir da estimativa da eficiÃncia das sondagens utilizadas. As previsÃes realizadas a partir dos valores do Ãndice resistÃncia (NSPT) corrigidos proporcionaram estimativas da capacidade de carga e do recalque das estacas avaliadas mais concordantes. Os mÃtodos semi-empÃricos que apresentaram uma maior concordÃncia nas previsÃes das capacidades de carga foram o Aoki e Velloso (1975) e o Decourt e Quaresma (1982). Os mÃtodos semi-empÃricos que apresentaram uma maior concordÃncia nas previsÃes de recalque foram Bowles (1979) e Poulos & Davis (1980). / Prefabricated piles are a foundation of alternative indicated in situations where the neighborhood has no restrictions on the vibrations resulting from its implementation. In addition, soil profiles with low carrying capacity and surface extending deeper also indicate the choice of this alternative. In these cases and others, foundations Precast piles of concrete foundations can provide technically feasible and economically attractive. In this dissertation, it is made an analysis of the applicability of the main load capacity forecasting methods and repression of precast piles of reinforced concrete in typical granular soil profiles of commonly found in Fortaleza. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether predictions made by semi-empirical methods of load capacity and repression, carried out from polls to percussion (SPT) and granular soil profiles are consistent with reference to results of 7 load tests still performed. Furthermore, even if you want to evaluate whether evidence interrupted prematurely loads are able to be extrapolated to provide consistent breaking load forecasts. For that they were conducted polls percussion (SPT) and evidence of loads in some places situated in Fortaleza. The following were estimated values &#8203;&#8203;of load capacity and settlement of each tested stake in load tests, and the workload, through semi-empirical methods, using values &#8203;&#8203;of resistance index surveys to percussion (NSPT) corrected, and uncorrected, from the estimation of efficiency of used soundings. The predictions made from the values &#8203;&#8203;of the resistance index (NSPT) provided fixed load capacity of estimates and the settlement of the piles evaluated more consistent. The semi-empirical methods that presented a greater agreement on forecasts of load capacities were Aoki and Velloso (1975) and Decourt and Lent (1982). The semi-empirical methods that showed a higher agreement in settlement predictions were Bowles (1979) and Poulos & Davis (1980).

No description available.

It is well known that a strong education system produces citizens who are more engaged in civil and social duties, with obvious benefits to society and the individuals. Policymakers who have the power to help improve the education system frequently rely on the news or the polls to better understand the issues involved, but these tools are often unable to answer customized questions on the public view with a large enough coverage. Monitoring the American public interest in education over the years is not new. In fact, a number of national polling agencies have tracked education as part of their larger polls asking people to name the most burning issues facing the US. While these polls provide a fair indication of the changes in importance of education in the eyes of the public, they do not identify the factors which have historically been associated with the major fluctuations of such importance. Most importantly, these traditional national polls do not track public concern about specific subtopics within education. This mixed methods study includes the creation of a software instrument with the objective of exploring the salience of education as a national priority over time and analyzing the possible factors associated with these fluctuations of interest. In addition to discovering the most prominent latent subtopics affecting education (such as academic achievement, sexual assault and freedom of speech), this study also seeks national-level issues that may have recently been associated with the largest declines. The only source of data utilized is the text of tens of thousands of published news articles. Terms extracted from the text using natural language processing serve as the basis for automated qualitative analysis. As topics emerge from the data, the frequencies of the terms are utilized to associate the articles with the most relevant ones. The analysis shows that public interest in education has declined the most during election times. It is also found that the areas that contributed the most during the largest surges of public interest in education from 2015 to 2020 were school budget, academic achievement gaps and mental health.

Dans les démocraties occidentales, la notion d’opinion publique occupe une place importante dans l’action des politiciens et le discours des médias. Elle y renvoie généralement à la somme des opinions individuelles des citoyens, aux résultats de sondages. Or, les limites de l’opinion publique ainsi conceptualisée apparaissent de plus en plus clairement aux chercheurs en sciences sociales, et cela jette un doute sur sa valeur comme guide des politiques publiques. Pour mieux comprendre la place de l’opinion publique dans le processus démocratique québécois, nous avons cherché à connaître les conceptions qu’en ont certains acteurs-clés : les chroniqueurs politiques et éditorialistes francophones du Québec. Au moyen d’entrevues, nous avons documenté leurs « théories profanes » à ce sujet, c’est à dire leurs façons de voir l’opinion publique et sa place dans le processus démocratique. L’exercice nous apprend que ces « commentateurs habituels » distinguent plusieurs formes d’opinion publique, de valeur inégale. Celle qui revêt le plus d’intérêt pour eux est une « opinion publique latente », qui intègre des dimensions d’intensité et de propension à changer. Ils jugent les sondages utiles mais insuffisants pour appréhender l’opinion publique; aussi l’interprètent-ils à partir de conversations et d’un certain « sens de l’opinion publique ». Selon eux, les médias peuvent influencer l’opinion publique, mais surtout influencer la tenue d’une délibération publique et la façon dont les décideurs lisent l’opinion publique. Ils estiment aussi pouvoir, par leur travail journalistique, favoriser l’émergence d’une opinion publique raisonnée, ce qui est conforme à leur idéal de démocratie participative. / The notion of public opinion is central to political action and media coverage of politics, in western democracies. It usually refers to the sum of all citizens’ individual attitudes, and to survey results. Yet, the limitations of public opinion thus conceptualized appears ever more clearly to scholars, calling into question its value as an input to the political process. In order to better understand the role of public opinion in the political process in Quebec, we have been seeking to understand how some important political actors — elite francophone political columnists and editorialists — view public opinion. By interviewing those journalists, we gathered their “lay theories”, i.e. the way they understand public opinion and its place in the democratic process. We found out that these pundits distinguish different types of public opinion, which are of unequal value to them. They are mostly interested in “latent public opinion”, a concept that includes dimensions of intensity and transformation potential of opinion. They believe surveys are somewhat useful, but incomplete tools for assessing public opinion. Therefore, they turn to other means of knowing it: conversations, and a certain “public opinion sense”. According to them, the media can have an influence on public opinion, but above all it can have an influence on public deliberation and on the way politicians view public opinion. Respondents also believe they can contribute, by their journalistic work, to the construction of a more considered public opinion — which is in tune with their ideal of participatory democracy.

Centrée essentiellement autour de la parole épiscopale congolaise, la présente recherche porte sur les articulations de la religion et du politique dans une perspective limitée au catholicisme en RDC. En prenant pour base empirique la ville de Kinshasa, elle thématise les effets des dynamiques religieuses sur les fermentations sociales et les changements politiques dans un contexte d’autoritarisme. Celui-ci est, dans ce travail, problématisé comme le fait conjoint de l’institution étatique et de l’organisation religieuse catholique. Le choix de cette approche relationnelle basée sur les interactions entre religion et politique, permet d’inscrire ce travail dans le champ d’études des sciences des religions. L’approche retenue s’appuie également sur les avancées de la sociologie politique et éclaire la régulation religieuse du politique, rarement étudiée par les sciences humaines. Cette recherche s’inscrit donc à l’intersection entre l’histoire, la sociologie, les sciences politiques, l’anthropologie, l’analyse du discours, la philosophie et la théologie. Sa thèse centrale est organisée autour d’une question principale : comment la religion participe-t-elle à la régulation du politique dans le contexte d’autoritarisme caractéristique de la RDC ? La réponse à cette question croise l’approche fonctionnelle de la religion et l’analyse des déclarations institutionnelles de l’épiscopat congolais. Elle esquisse les relations entre, d’une part, contextes et événements sociopolitiques et d’autre part, discours et pratiques religieuses. Elle construit la scène religieuse à partir de la trajectoire sociopolitique, économique et culturelle de la RDC entre 1990 et 2015, sous les Présidents J.-D. Mobutu, L.-D. Kabila et J. Kabila. Elle étudie l'offre normative de sens de leurs éminences J.-A. Malula, F. Etsou et L. Monsengwo. L’analyse de la rhétorique de l’épiscopat sur les élections vérifie la plausibilité sociale et l’efficience politique de la parole épiscopale congolaise. Elle se ressource dans la pragmatique de la communication telle que mise en œuvre dans l’analyse argumentative du discours de R. Amossy et dans celle du discours politique de P. Charaudeau. En mettant la focale sur l’objet linguistique « vérité des urnes », la recherche pose au niveau normatif, juridique et éthique, le problème de l’institutionnalisation d’un État de droit en RDC. Les élaborations sur ce dernier niveau s’articulent autour de l’inscription de l’éthique dans l’agir politique. L’examen des modes conventionnels d’action des chrétiens (élections de 2006 et 2011) et non conventionnels (marche des chrétiens de 1992 et 2012) conduit à éclairer les modes de reproduction ou de contestation de l’autoritarisme étatique par l’organisation religieuse. Il permet de promouvoir une démocratie des valeurs et d’action adossée à la parrhêsia. L’introduction de l’aléthique dans la vie publique donne à voir la parole épiscopale congolaise comme un discours ethopoïétique. C’est sur ce point précis que les élaborations de M. Foucault sur la parrhêsia aident à thématiser la capacité de la religion à informer et à influencer la démocratisation de la RDC. De là, la requête formulée pour un nouveau système d’action institutionnelle de l’organisation religieuse, susceptible de promouvoir le courage de la vérité en situation autoritaire. Cette innovation permet de tenir ensemble les valeurs démocratiques et les valeurs de l’Évangile, en les corrélant à la cohérence axiologique, à la probité morale et à l’intégrité existentielle des protagonistes de la démocratisation de la RDC. / Articulated mainly around the Congolese Episcopal speech, this research focuses on the joints of religion and politics in a limited perspective to Catholicism in the DRC. Taking as empirical basis Kinshasa, she thematizes the effects of religious dynamics on social fermentations and policy changes in an authoritarian context. This is, in this work, problematized as Partner of state institution and the Catholic religious organization. The choice of this relational approach based on the interaction between religion and politics, allows to place this work in the field of study of Religious Studies. The approach is also based on the advances in political sociology and illuminates the religious regulation policy, rarely studied by the humanities. This research is therefore the intersection between history, sociology, political science, anthropology, discourse analysis and theology. Its central thesis is organized around a central question: how religion she participates in the policy of regulation in the context of authoritarianism characteristic of the DRC? The answer to this question crosses functional approach to religion and the analysis of institutional statements by the Congolese bishops. It outlines the relationship between on the one hand, and socio-political events and contexts other, speech and religious practices. It built the religious scene from the sociopolitical, economic and cultural trajectory of the DRC between 1990-2015, Under the Presidents J.-D. Mobutu L.-D. Kabila and J. Kabila. She studies the normative sense to offer their eminences J.-A. Malula, F. Etsou and L. Monsengwo. The analysis of the rhetoric of the episcopate on elections plausibility checks social and political efficiency of the Congolese Bishops' word. The resource in the pragmatics of communication as implemented in the argumentative discourse analysis R. Amossy and in the political discourse of P. Charaudeau. By putting the focus on linguistic object "truth of the polls", the research raises the normative, legal and ethics, institutionalization problem of the rule of law in the DRC. Elaborations on this last level revolve around the inclusion of ethics in political action. The review of conventional modes of action of Christians (2006 elections and 2011) and unconventional (on Christians in 1992 and 2012) led to enlighten reproduction modes or challenge to the state authoritarianism by the religious organization. It helps promote democracy values and action backed parrhesia. The introduction of the alethic in public life gives you the Congolese Episcopal ethopoïétique speech as a speech. It is on this point that M. Foucault elaborations on parrhesia help thematize the ability of religion to inform and influence the democratization of the DRC. From there, the request made for a new system of institutional action of the religious organization, capable of promoting the courage of truth in authoritarian situation. This innovation allows to hold together the democratic values and the values of the Gospel, by correlating the consistency axiological, moral probity and existential integrity of the protagonists of democratization of the DRC.

Diploma thesis "The cooporation of national daily press and agencies for research of public opinion in the Czech republic" attempts to describe from the practical point of view how mutual cooperation of agencies for public opinion research and the media, especially the press, looks. The chapters of theoretical part of diploma thesis deal with the historical development of public opinion researches in our country where the year 1989 is stressed as the separation turning-point and the foreign studies about the relation of public opinion polls and media. In the practical part of diploma thesis is detailed analysis of media presentation of public opinion polls in the press. At first it compares the different approach of the journalists and sociologists to the work with the informations about public opinion polls and then the way of media processing of public opinion polls in the newspaper in two different historical periods, namely in 1991 and 2009. The analysed materil contained the press releases by IVVM and by CVVM of the first five months 1991 and 2009 and the press articles where the journalists used the informations from this press releases. The media act in the diploma thesis in part as the users of informations about public opinion polls and in part as the initiators of these polls. The staff...

This diploma thesis deals with examination of research activities of selected research organizations regarding the historically first direct elections of the president of the Czech Republic. This is done with the use of pre-election surveys realized in connection with presidential elections in the United States of America. The thesis ponders whether the phenomenon of direct elections will be positively accepted not only by Czech Citizen but also by local research organizations. The aim of the presented diploma thesis is the evaluation of Czech presidential surveys and their main methods through the comparison with models from the United States of America. The subsidiary goal is the investigation of prevailing traditions in the Czech Republic and the lack of resources which cause resistance against potential research development in the Czech Republic. At last but not least the thesis evaluates how presidential polls might influence the public opinion. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first one investigates the election system and polls in the Czech Republic. Next chapter deals with the election system and polls in the United States of America. Chapter three focuses on the comparison of research approaches in the Czech Republic and the United States of America. The fourth chapter presents the...