Polismyndigheten har i årtionden präglats av en machokultur och även om synen på kön och könsidentitet förändrats med tiden påvisar studien att den gamla kulturen lever kvar. Myndigheten har en tydlig hierarkisk styrning med strikta regler och förhållningssätt, men som i alla organisationer förekommer informella osynliga maktrelationer även här. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om skillnader finns i upplevelse av osynliga maktrelationer till följd av könsidentitet alternativt ålder samt undersöka samband. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter är den institutionella makten, det kulturella perspektivet samt fyra härskartekniker som utgör grunden, för att undersöka skillnader i upplevelse av osynliga maktrelationer. Till hjälp har tre forskningsfrågor med tillhörande noll- samt alternativa hypoteser formulerats. Studien utgår från en kvantitativ metod där en enkät förmedlades till medarbetare inom Polismyndigheten, vidare genomfördes en kompletterande intervju för att erhålla djupare förståelse för det kvantitativa resultatets utfall. Resultatet visar en markant skillnad mellan kvinnor och mäns upplevelser, dock inte mellan olika åldersgrupper. Vidare visar resultatet ett signifikant samband mellan kvinnor och osynliga maktrelationer, men eftersom urvalet är litet i förhållande till myndigheten går resultatet inte generalisera till populationen och vidare forskning bör ske för att kunna dra generella slutsatser. / For decades the Police Authority has been characterized by a macho culture, and although the perception on sex and gender identity has changed over time, the study shows that the old culture still lives on. The authority has an obvious hierarchical governance with strict rules and approaches, but as in all organizations, informal invisible power relationships exist here as well. The purpose of this study is to examine whether differences exist in the perception of invisible power relationships as a result of gender identity or age, and to investigate -relationships. The theoretical starting points of this study are institutional power, the cultural perspective and four suppression techniques are the basis for exploring differences in the perception of invisible power relationships. To help, three research questions and associated hypotheses have been formulated. The study is based on a quantitative method in which a questionnaire was communicated to employees within the Police Authority, and a supplementary interview was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the outcome of the quantitative result. The results continue to show a significant connection between women and invisible power relationships, but since the selection is small in relation to the authority, the result does not generalize to the population and further research should be done in order to be able to draw general conclusions.

This design project takes the form of an illustrated story told from the perspective of a young adult middle-class Swede who feels uncertainty in the face of larger issues in the world. Where do all our stuff come from? Is he buying unethical products? Is he actively making a situation worse elsewhere through his choices? How would you even know, when the consequences of such actions might only become evident far, far away from Sweden? How do you relate to this? What should you do? As the protagonist wants for answers, he decides to try and find out what the situation is really like, and what could be done about it. But, as he would soon find out, the answer is not a simple one… In this work-in-progress story, a middle-class Swede must contend with the fact that he’s part of a subset of humanity that in large part benefits off of the thankless work that may be found in the so-called Global South. In his investigation, he seeks to find answers to important questions. What’s the nature of this economic relationship between the Global South and the Global North? Is it really enough to buy ‘more sustainable’ products to relieve the impact on environments and societies? What are the hidden perspectives and stories that those in the Global South experience every day? How can one try to be a good person and create positive change in the world when faced with overwhelming systemic issues on a global scale? Through the story, the nature of global wealth disparity is illuminated as the Swede tries to make sense of global power relationships in relation to labor and production, and so too offers a reader who may be having similar worries an opportunity to learn. As uncomfortable truths are revealed, a greater systemic issue becomes evident. As economic growth takes precedence over social and environmental wellbeing, who wins and who loses – and where? This is the written thesis section of the project, which seeks to elaborate on the different concepts included in the story, as well as surrounding it. Aspects such as the purpose of the project and target audience are gone over, emphasizing the need to communicate complex subjects to wider audiences while avoiding the act of oversimplification of the issues presented. The methodology of the work is presented, and aspects of the design process are documented. The project cumulates into a digital exhibition with other design students, where a work-in-progress version of the comic book is presented digitally for reading. The end of the thesis features a reflection of the result and the design process in order to identify where improvements could be made, as well as the answers the author of this thesis found in relation to the project questions. In summary, there seem to be an indication that working collectively as opposed to individually may be more effective towards creating positive change, in opposition to individual-focused solutions. Finding appropriate solutions to issues may not have to be found immediately, but may be found through a process affected by several different people in a collective that are able to contribute with their differing skills and knowledge to locate the most appropriate path forward. / <p>Here is an updated version, using the template of the front page that was suggested.</p>

This dissertation focuses on continuity and change in a local knowledge culture, the nursing teacher education in Stockholm, during the years between 1958 and 1999, with a strong emphasis on conceptions of knowledge and learning. Concepts of analysis come from Basil Bernstein, Ludwik Fleck, Reinhart Koselleck and gender theory. The study is based on archived documents and interviews with nursing teacher educators. The results show continuity as well as change of the knowledge culture. The first period, 1958-1974, shows continuity in relation to the space of experience. Methodical knowledge is important. The second time period, 1975-1978, is characterized by great changes, starting with a distinct break when prior conceptions and values are discarded. The focus on important, external knowledge of the earlier period is replaced by the conception that the human being and her inner abilities and characteristics are the most important resources for the profession. Conceptions and values are not completely abandoned during the last time period, 1979-1999. Values connected to personality development remain, but new values appear as a consequence of state governance towards research basis. The spirit of time, new co-workers, changed state governance, the ideological characteristics of values as well as a female dominance within the education allow an understanding of the great change in conceptions and values in the middle of the 1970’s.  A stable staff of nursing teacher educators, the specific ideological and gender coded features of the values and a traditional distinctiveness and separation from other teacher education programs allow an understanding of the stability of the personality development element. The male gender coding of the content during the first period could be understood by the influence of physicians on the education, state governance towards education technology and harmony with the space of experience. During the whole of the studied time period, there are female coded conceptions regarding the work of the nursing teacher educators; collectivity, emphasis on practical action and control of - closeness to the student group. / När praktikgrundad kunskap möter högskolan

Management was once described as the art of getting things done through the efforts of oneself and other people (Follett, 1941) and is functionalised through acts of planning, organising, leading and controlling tasks and people for pre-defined objectives. These four cardinal pillars of management are translated into various models, tools and techniques of best practice of how to manage. While acknowledging that the substance of the current management models, tools and techniques have for years broadly contributed to how organisations are run, my research sheds more light on the shortcomings underlying some of the assumptions and ways of thinking behind these models and tools. My research findings based on my experience in working for the Department for International Development suggests that management practice and organisational change occur in the context of human power relationships in which people constrain and enable each other on the basis of human attributes such as identities, attitudes, values, perceptions, emotions, fears, expectations, motives and interests. I argue that these human attributes, human power relations and the totality of human emotions arise in the social, and understanding the ways in which these attributes shape local interaction and daily human relating is critical in making sense of the reality of organisational change and management. I suggest that management practice occurs in the context of everyday politics of human relating. It is that type of politics that takes place within families, groups of people, organisations, communities, and indeed throughout all units of society around the distribution of power, wealth, resources, thoughts and ideas. This way of thinking has enormous implications for the way we conceptualise management theory and practice. I am suggesting that managers do not solely determine, nor do employees freely choose their identities, attitudes, values, perceptions, emotions, fears, expectations and motives. These human dimensions arise from social relationships and personal experiences. As such, it is simply not for a manager to decide or force other employees on which of these human attributes to influence their behaviour. I am arguing that the social nature of management practice and role of human agents is inherently complex and cannot, in the scientific sense, be adequately reduced to discrete, systematic, complete and predictive models, tools and techniques without losing some meaning of what we do in management.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:24:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2595.pdf: 1998416 bytes, checksum: c4eb13727377657e0b2d5aaae186f5dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This thesis aimed at analyzing the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) organizational practices and its power relationships within the State of São Paulo campsites and settlements. MST acquired a never before seen dimension among the history of other characters in the struggle for land, constantly broadening its claims alternatives, interventions and alliance network. In recent times, amidst the campaigns supported by the movement there are those against genetically modified foods and against AFTA. The movement s organization has been re-issued in MST s formation material for several years. What however replaces the same question? What are the movement s strategies and its forms of organization and staff selection? In what measure its members consciousness is built ? How members are indicated to determinate tasks or positions ? Those were some of the questions we put to ourselves. Data were collected through the reading of manuals, newspapers, magazines and other material produced by the movement; as well as through interviews with camped and settled families, with militants and with leaderships; nevertheless, through participant observation of several events, seminars and courses also organized by the movement. In a certain way, we could observe that MST politics longevity is mainly due to this organizational structure and to the professionalizing of its direction board, what guarantee its political authority, personified in its main leaderships. We shall add to that the fact that the movement finds itself nationally and internationally articulated in a network of support and political and, occasionally, economic background. Militants and directors are submitted to a series of principles and politic lines that provide unit to the movement, re-enforced in its formation material and courses. By means of the same mechanisms, tasks delegation and evaluation criteria are stipulated. Militant conduct is observed by other members and this is an indispensable factor for further indications to upper levels of complexity and responsibility tasks. We could observe that camped members attain themselves mobilized to activities because they believe it is a path to obtain land, once their place in the camping is due to the movement, and militants and directors mostly detain the territory, the forms and strategies of organization domain. In settlements there is a smaller political participation. It is common to find settlers concerned only to their families and their allotments care, and not actively participating in the movement s activities. Families show themselves reluctant to militant intervention, choosing rather to constitute affinity groups in order to solve their community problems. In other hand, those social relations can not be understood as separated or distant from social dynamics itself, what ends up producing arrangements and re-arrangements of organizational structures, new inventions within organization forms and new subjects. From established relationships emerge new though marginal or submersed relationships that allow us to allude to new experiences of social transformation. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar as práticas organizativas do MST e as relações de poder em acampamentos/assentamentos no estado de São Paulo. O Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra adquiriu dimensão nunca, anteriormente, alcançada pelos outros personagens da luta pela terra, ampliando constantemente seus leques de reivindicações e intervenções e a rede de alianças. Atualmente, dentre as campanhas para as quais o movimento dá apoio, encontram-se as lutas contra os alimentos geneticamente modificados e contra a ALCA. A organização do movimento tem sido tema das suas cartilhas durante vários anos. O que faz com que esta questão sempre esteja presente? Quais são as estratégias e as formas de organização e a seleção de seus quadros? Em que medida se constrói a consciência de seus integrantes? Como se dão as indicações para a ocupação de determinadas tarefas ou de cargos ? Estas foram algumas das questões que nos propusemos a responder. Os dados foram coletados por meio da leitura das cartilhas, jornais, revistas e outros documentos do movimento, além da realização de entrevistas com as famílias acampadas ou assentadas, com militantes e com lideranças e também através da observação participante em diversos eventos, reuniões, seminários e cursos organizados pelo movimento. Pudemos observar que, em certa medida, a sua longevidade no plano político se deve a esta estrutura organizativa e a profissionalização dos seus quadros de direção, que lhe garantem a autoridade política, personificada em suas principais lideranças. Acresce-se a isto, o fato de que o movimento encontra-se articulado nacional e internacionalmente por redes que lhes dão apoio e sustentação política e, por vezes, econômica. Os militantes/dirigentes estão submetidos a uma série de princípios e linhas políticas que garantem a unidade do movimento, que estão contidas nas cartilhas de formação do movimento e são transmitidas nos cursos de formação. Por meio destes mecanismos são estipulados também os critérios de delegação e avaliação das tarefas. A conduta do militante é observada pelos demais membros e é um fator indispensável para sua indicação em tarefas de maior nível de complexidade e responsabilidade. Observamos que os acampados se mantêm mobilizados em torno das atividades do movimento, pois acreditam ser um meio para conquistar a terra, já que é por meio do movimento que estão no acampamento, e que são os militantes/dirigentes que detém, na maioria das vezes, o domínio do território e das formas e estratégias de organização. No assentamento, há uma menor participação política. É comum os assentados se restringirem aos cuidados com a família e o lote e não participarem, ativamente, das atividades do movimento. As famílias se mostram mais resistentes às intervenções da militância, preferindo constituir grupos de afinidade para resolverem alguns problemas da comunidade. Por outro lado, estas relações sociais não podem ser entendidas como estanques e distanciadas da própria dinâmica social, que acaba por produzir arranjos e rearranjos nas estruturas organizativas, novas invenções nas formas de organização e novos sujeitos. Das relações estabelecidas, emergem novas relações ainda marginais ou submersas que permitem aludir para novas experiências de transformação social.

This thesis investigates manufacturer-distributor power relationship in the Chinese Iron and Steel Industry. The main objectives of this study are to identify, describe and investigate the power relationships in Chinese Iron and Steel Industry; to understand the concept of power from the perspective of distributors and their relationship with State-Owned Enterprises and Private-Owned Enterprises in this industry; and to explore the possibility of developing an extended research power-relationship framework by investigating the power construct and potentially related and relevant factors in the Chinese market that may impact predicted outcomes such as positive conflict resolution attitude and levels of conflict. Two quantitative pilot studies were conducted, consisting of 14 surveys with semi-structured questions each, which were instrumental in the design of an extended power relationship model by incorporating the factors such as the level of trust, frequency of communication and level of guanxi that drive positive conflict resolution attitude into the traditional power model that had not been combined in a single framework before. Subsequently, the main study was carried out comprising 148 questionnaires completed by distributor firm managers. These represent the views of 74 respondents, who responded for both state-owned enterprises and private-owned enterprises in the Chinese Iron and Steel Industry The sample size is 74 respondents including 14 respondents that were also respondents for the pilot studies. This study generated four main findings. 1) a State-Owned Enterprises tend to use more non-coercive power than Private-Owned Enterprises, and have a stronger negative effect than Private-Owned Enterprises; 2) although Private-Owned Enterprises were rated higher than State-Owned Enterprises in the level of trust, and have a stronger positive effect when explaining the observed relationship between the level of trust and positive conflict resolution attitude, the difference is really minimal; 3) Private-Owned Enterprises were rated higher than State-Owned Enterprises in the frequency of communication, and have a stronger positive effect than State-Owned Enterprises in the explanation of the relationship between frequency of communication and positive conflict resolution attitude. 4) Private-Owned Enterprises were rated higher than State-Owned Enterprises in the level of guanxi, and have stronger positive effect than State-Owned Enterprises in the explanation of the relationship between level of guanxi and positive conflict resolution attitude. These findings contribute to fill gaps in the literature with regard to power relationships in distribution channels. This thesis extends the current boundary of knowledge through the formulation of an extended framework that integrates conflict resolution constructs into a typical/traditional power model. This extended framework comprises new constructs such as level of trust, frequency of communication and level of guanxi and hypothesises their impact on conflict resolution attitude and level of conflict in the Chinese distribution channel. New knowledge is created by investigating differences regarding the use of power by SOEs and POEs considered from the distributor perspective in the Chinese context. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed in detail.

Ce mémoire présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative menée auprès de six femmes autochtones montréalaises, ayant pour but de documenter leur expérience avec les services hospitaliers dans la ville de Montréal. En effectuant avec chacune un entretien semi-dirigé, nous avons été en mesure de dresser le tableau de ces expériences. Le modèle écologique de Bronfrenbrenner nous a permis de situer les expériences d’hospitalisation dans un contexte social et politique spécifique, en explorant certains éléments de cet ordre qui pourrait influencer la manière dont l’hospitalisation est vécue. L’expérience des femmes autochtones avec les services hospitaliers est analysée selon trois dimensions. Premièrement, les éléments relevant des interactions entre les patientes et les professionnels de la santé sont présentés. Cette section permet de faire état de l’impression partagée, parmi les femmes rencontrées, que les interactions avec les professionnels de la santé sont marquées par la présence de stéréotypes et de préjugés négatifs. Deuxièmement, les éléments relevant du contexte social et politique, qui exercent une influence sur la manière dont les femmes vivent l’expérience d’hospitalisation sont à leur tour présentés. Cette section aborde les lacunes dans la formation des professionnels, ainsi que l’influence du discours médiatique sur l’image des femmes autochtones. Troisièmement, nous présentons différents moyens et stratégies mis en place par les femmes autochtones pour faire face à leur expérience de soins, parmi lesquels on retrouve l’utilisation du rire et le recours à la communauté d’appartenance. Finalement, cette dernière section rend compte des conséquences de l’expérience d’hospitalisation des femmes sur l’utilisation qu’elles font des services de santé. Ce mémoire se conclut en présentant certains enseignements que nous pouvons tirés de l’expérience des femmes autochtones rencontrées afin d’améliorer la qualité des soins de santé qui leur sont destinés. / This thesis presents the results of a qualitative study conducted with six indigenous women living in the city of Montreal. The goal of the study was to document their experience with the city’s hospital services. A semi structured interview was held with each of the women in order to gain access to these experiences. Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological model allows us to position the hospital experience within a social and political context by exploring external factors that might influence the way the hospitalization was experienced by the women. The women’s experiences are analysed by exploring three dimensions. First, we present elements surrounding the interactions between the patients and the health professionals. This section reveals the women’s shared perception of stereotypes being present. Second, we present elements belonging to the social and political context. This section shows the gap in the professionals' training on indigenous issues, as well as the influence of media representations on the way they perceive native women. Third, we present different ways and strategies the women have developed in order to confront their experience, such as the use of laughter and invoking the community they belong to. Finally, this section shows the repercussions of negative experiences on the way native women use health services. We conclude by exploring what can be learned from the women’s experiences, with the goal of improving the quality of health services that are being offered.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-04T17:11:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RONALDO JOSÉ DE SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2004..pdf: 56776943 bytes, checksum: 2656591e07c3b4c6de03329299e01680 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T17:11:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RONALDO JOSÉ DE SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2004..pdf: 56776943 bytes, checksum: 2656591e07c3b4c6de03329299e01680 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-05 / CNPq / Este estudo apresenta uma análise do pentecostalismo católico no Brasil a partir do interior, ou seja, em suas relações de poder internas, no confronto com a hierarquia católica e, por extensão, com a Teologia da Libertação. O problema fundamental consiste em desvelar e interpretar o intricado universo de relações de poder em articulação no movimento. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a Renovação Carismática desenvolve uma espécie de autonomia sutil que lhe outorga dinamicidade e capacidade de expansão, em razão da introdução de elementos religiosos não tradicionais e do desenvolvimento de mecanismos de poder e de práticas que se contrapõem ao primado da hierarquia na Igreja Católica. Esses elementos são os dons carismáticos, que denotam uma possibilidade de contato com Deus sem intermediação sacerdotal. A autonomia carismática significa uma contestação à estrutura de poder da Igreja. Ela investe tanto contra o clero conservador quanto contra o progressista. A Renovação Carismática nunca obteve a adesão hegemônica da hierarquia católica brasileira, apesar de receber, desde cedo, o apoio formal do Vaticano. A classificação como "neoconservador" é atribuída ao movimento em referência direta ao catolicismo das CEBs. Trata-se, portanto, de uma interpretação de pesquisadores identificados com a chamada ala progressista da Igreja Católica brasileira. E é a partir dessa mesma visão, que o carismatismo é considerado como reação ao pentecostalismo protestante e à Teologia da Libertação. Tal classificação é inadequada e não se justifica quando confrontada com os fatos. A relação propriamente institucional entre a Renovação Carismática e a Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil, tem sido marcada por tensões inerentes à relativa autonomia do movimento. A CNBB demorou mais de vinte anos para pronunciar-se oficialmente a respeito da RCC. porque tinha prioridades vinculadas ao projeto da Igreja Progressista. Quando enfim publicou o Documento 53, suscitou diversas críticas por causa da inconsistência do texto e de seu caráter essencialmente disciplinar. A índole do Documento reflete claramente o nível das relações de poder em articulação entre os dois segmentos. / This study presents an internal analysis of the Catholic Pentecostalism in Brazil, that is, an analysis of its power relations with the Catholic hierarchy and, by extension, with the Theology of Liberation. The main difficulty found in this work was in terms of how revealing and interpreting the intricate universe of power relations existing in the movement. Our findings are based on the assumption that the Charismatic Renewal has developed a kind of subtle autonomy that gave it dynamism and the ability to expand, because of the introduction of non-traditional religious elements as well the development of power mechanisms and practices that oppose to the primacy of the Catholic Church hierarchy. These religious elements are the charismatic gifts that represent a possibility of contact with God without the intermediation of priests. The Charismatic autonomy represents a contestation to the structure of power in the Church. The said autonomy contests both the conservative and the progressive clergy. The Charismatic Renewal has never obtained a hegemonic adhesion of the Brazilian Catholic hierarchy, although it has received, from the beginning, the formal support from the Vatican. The classification of the movement as "neoconservative" is directly related to the Catholicism of the CEBs and is, therefore, an interpretation of researchers that are identified with the so-called progressive wing of the Brazilian Catholic Church. This same view considers charismaticism as a reaction to the protestant Pentecostalism and the Theology of Liberation. Such classification is inadequate and cannot be justified when compared to facts. As for the institutional relationship between the Charismatic Renewal and the National Conference of Bishops in Brazil, it has always been marked by tensions that are directly related to the autonomy of the movement. It took CNBB (National Conference of Bishops in Brazil) more than twenty years to give their formal opinion about RCC (Catholic Charismatic Renewal), because of other priorities concerning the projects of the Progressive Church. When, at last, the Conference of Bishops published the Document 53. critics claimed that the document showed text inconsistency and had a disciplinary approach, basically. This Document clearly reflects the level of power relations existing between the two segments of the church.

Consacrée à l’organisation de l’artillerie des ducs de Bourgogne, cette thèse met en perspective la modernisation du matériel et la professionnalisation du personnel de l’arme au cours de la seconde moitié du XVe siècle. Les transformations fondamentales auxquelles l’artillerie est alors sujette, définissant largement son utilisation pour les trois siècles à venir, semblent tributaires de décisions politiques autant sinon plus que d’évolutions techniques que le pouvoir princier devait stimuler. <p><p>En une première partie sont analysés les modes de décision, de financement et de contrôle d’une arme en plein essor. L’implication personnelle des ducs, Charles le Hardi/Téméraire en tête, est patente. Mais, le développement d’une administration particulière s’impose. La spécialisation de ce personnel est révélée par l’analyse prosopographique. L’artillerie acquiert alors une certaine autonomie au niveau de la gestion des stocks matériels et des ressources financières et humaines. <p><p>La seconde partie est consacrée au matériel. Les politiques d’acquisition des armes à feu, des munitions et du matériel auxiliaire (affûts, manteaux, outillage divers) témoignent d’une prise en main progressive de la production :on assiste à l’émergence, encore timide certes, d’une première « industrie d’État ». Quittant le château ducal, le parc d’artillerie des princes bourguignons rejoint des lieux plus adaptés à son stockage, à son entretien, voire à sa fabrication :c’est la naissance de l’arsenal moderne – un des premiers à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. Il est alors possible, pour les gestionnaires comme pour l’historien, d’évaluer la puissance de frappe des ducs. Celle-ci est tributaire de deux facteurs :le nombre de bouches à feu, d’une part, la standardisation des calibres, influençant les cadences de tir, de l’autre. Tant au niveau quantitatif que qualitatif, l’état-major bourguignon mène de réels efforts qui doivent permettre à l’artillerie ducale d’éluder les inconvénients politiques et militaires d’un emprunt aux communes et aux seigneurs. <p><p>Le troisième volet de l’étude concerne les hommes animant les structures de l’artillerie. Il s’agit d’un ensemble d’artisans-soldats ayant un rôle dans la conception, la fabrication et la manipulation de l’arme. Les modalités de leur recrutement révèlent la volonté du pouvoir princier de s’attacher les meilleurs spécialistes. Un corps ordinaire aux effectifs encore minces, certes, est alors constitué, complété en temps de guerre par un appel aux métiers urbains et par la réquisition d’une abondante main-d’œuvre sur le pays. <p><p>Au final, si le gouvernement de Philippe le Bon en révèle les prémices, l’émergence de nouvelles conceptions relatives à la gestion d’une arme en pleine croissance doit attendre le règne de Charles le Hardi. L’efficacité de l’artillerie ducale, devenant un véritable instrument au service du pouvoir central, devait s’en trouver accrue. Pourtant, suite aux défaites de ce duc, un recul des conceptions de l’arme est perceptible. Sans pour autant abandonner entièrement la poursuite des visées de son prédécesseur, Maximilien doit composer avec des moyens financiers et humains inférieurs. Le pouvoir central devint alors à nouveau plus dépendant des pouvoirs communaux et seigneuriaux avec lesquels il fallait négocier, dans le domaine de l’artillerie comme en tant d’autres… <p> / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette thèse procède, depuis une perspective issue des études culturelles, à une exploration critique et située (Haraway, 1988) de la culture alimentaire québécoise contemporaine et des définitions variables de la « saine » alimentation qu’elle concourt à produire et à rendre effective. Plus précisément, j’analyse les rapports de pouvoir qui l’informent et prennent forme et effectivité à travers les savoirs et pratiques constitutives de la saine alimentation (dans ses multiples formes et modes d’existence). À travers l’analyse critique de la culture alimentaire québécoise contemporaine, je questionne les corps, humains comme plus-qu’humains, qui s’y retrouvent « produits » et différenciés par des rapports de pouvoir inégaux. L’analyse présentée résulte d’une ethnographie dialogique incorporée suivant les méthodes de collecte des matériaux et d’analyses proposées par Probyn (2016). La thèse est découpée en trois parties distinctes, mais interreliées. La première explore la culture alimentaire québécoise au cœur de laquelle je m’inscris. Elle permet à la fois la présentation de ladite culture et des savoirs, pratiques, événements qu’elle concourt à mettre en forme, mais également la multiplicité des définitions de la saine alimentation qui y émergent, en fonction de ses différents contextes d’émergence. Tout au long de cette partie, je mets en évidence comment sont produits, articulés et légitimés certains savoirs tout autant que comment sont mises en forme et en cause certaines des relations impliquant et liant humains et plus-qu’humains, et qui participent des multiples modes d’émergence de la saine alimentation, au Québec. Au sein de la culture alimentaire contemporaine, l’alimentation saine est régulièrement réfléchie et problématisée dans son rapport aux corps humains. La deuxième partie de la thèse présente mon analyse de ce que j’ai appelé la culture alimentaire biomédicalisée, et tout particulièrement des relations entre les corps, l’alimentation et la santé qu’elle concourt à produire. J’y mets en évidence comment la culture alimentaire contemporaine ne peut être réfléchie sans considération pour les discours healthists (Crawford, 1980) contemporains, qui informent les manières par lesquelles les corps sont mis en relation avec l’alimentation, à l’aulne de considérations pour la santé. J’y mobilise les outils conceptuels proposés par Clarke et al. (2010) sur la biomédicalisation du champ social pour questionner comment l’alimentation et les corps sont mis en relation dans un contexte où la santé est un objectif moral et individuel à atteindre (Crawford, 1980; Lupton, 1997; Metzl et Kirkland, 2010). J’y critique comment la culture alimentaire biomédicalisée limite le type de relations qui peuvent prendre forme et être considérées entre l’alimentation et les corps, tout autant que les types de corps qui y sont produits et autorisés. La troisième partie de la thèse s’intéresse aux corps, humains comme plus-qu’humains, qui sont produits au sein de la culture alimentaire biomédicalisée tout autant qu’aux rapports de pouvoir qui participent de leur production - différenciée. Par « produire », j’entends notamment comment des corps se retrouvent discursivement définis, encadrés, contrôlés, etc.; évalués, caractérisés, discriminés, exclus, stigmatisés; matériellement produits (leurs matérialités corporelles, leur biologie, etc.). Je navigue ainsi entre différentes manières d’analyser leur production tout autant qu’entre différents types de corps qui y sont produits, à partir de réflexions (et de littératures) qui les posent et les questionnent depuis des épistémologies variées. / This PhD thesis presents, from a cultural studies perspective, a critical and situated (Haraway, 1988) exploration of Quebec’s contemporary food culture and of the various definitions of “healthy” food it produces and renders effective. More precisely, I analyse the power relationships that inform its development as well as those taking form and effectivity through the knowledge and practices constitutive of healthy food (and its multiple forms and modes of existence). Through critical analysis of the current Quebec food culture, I question the bodies, human and more-than-human ones, that are produced therein, and are differentiated by unequal power relationships. The analysis presented is the result of an embodied and dialogic ethnography following the methods of materials gathering and analysis suggested by Probyn (2016). The thesis is separated into three distinct, but interrelated, parts. The first part explores Quebec’s food culture, in which I am fully immersed. This part presents the food culture and the knowledge, practices, and events that it contributes to creating, as well as the multiplicity of healthy food definitions that emerge within it, according to their various contexts of emergence. Throughout this part, I highlight how particular kinds of knowledge are produced, articulated and legitimated, as well as how relationships involving and linking humans and more-than-humans are produced and conveyed. I demonstrate how all of these processes participate in the multiple modes of emergence of healthy food in Quebec. In the current food culture, healthy food is regularly thought and problematized in relationship to human bodies. The second part of the thesis presents my analysis of what I have called the biomedicalized food culture, attending especially to the relationships between bodies, food, and health it contributes to creating. I put at the forefront how the current food culture cannot be analysed without taking into account the contemporary “healthist” (Crawford, 1980) discourses that inform the manners by which bodies are put in relation to food, under health-oriented considerations. I mobilize the conceptual tools proposed by Clarke et al. (2010) on the biomedicalization of the social field to question how food and bodies are put in relation and problematized, in a context where health is a moral and individual objective to reach (Crawford, 1980; Lupton, 1997; Metzl et Kirkland, 2010). I criticize how the biomedicalized food culture limits the type of relationships that can take form and be considered between food and bodies, as well as the types of bodies that are produced and authorized. The third part of the thesis is concerned with the bodies, human and more-than-human ones, that are produced within the biomedicalized food culture, as much as by the power relationships that participate in their production and differentiation. By “produce”, I mean among other things how bodies are discursively defined, framed, controlled, etc.; evaluated, characterized, discriminated, excluded, stigmatized; materially produced (their corporeal materialities, their biology, etc.). I navigate between different manners of analysing their production as much as I explore the different types of bodies that are produced, drawing on reflections (and literatures) that apprehend and question them from various epistemologies.