There are many names or labels which refer to the generation growing up with digital media and these include labels such as ‘Net Generation’ (Tapscott, 1998), ‘digital natives’ (Prensky, 2001), ‘cyberkids’ (Holloway, 2003) and ‘MySpacegeneration’ (Rosen, 2008). The core idea behind these labels is that young people who have grown up surrounded by digital technology are very different to previous generations in their way of using and even thinking about the new digital technology. This appears to be reinforcing a generational divide and makes the assumption that young people can be categorized into one group in relation to their use of ICTs. The approach in this thesis is to empirically explore, in order to nuance, some of these presumptions about the ‘Net Generation’ (defined according to Tapscott). Thus, the research question is: How can the presumptions about the ‘Net Generation’ be nuanced? The following three presumptions have been explored within the three papers included in the thesis: i) The ‘Net Generation’ diverges from previous generations in relation to the use of internet; ii) The ‘Net Generation’ is techno-savvy or digitally competent; iii) The digitally competent ‘Net Geners’ are also digital participants since there is a causal relationship between digital competence and digital participation. The explorations are conducted by using the theoretical concepts ‘digital skills’, ‘self-efficacy’ and ‘participatory culture’. Several hypotheses,deduced from previous research, have been tested on a national representative sample of people born between the years 1978 and 1997 (categorised as the ‘Net Generation’). The results show that ‘Net Geners’ internet usage is diversified;hence, it is simplified to talk about them as a homogeneous group. Those included in the categorisation have different opportunities to participate in the digital society. Their internet usage differs both in terms of how much time they spend and what they do online. Their digital skills and self-efficacy in the use of computers are also different and so is the perceived feeling of participation in the information society. This implies that the ‘Net Geners’ do not have equal conditions in relation to participation in the digital society. However, what is meant by participation is still an unresolved question which requires further exploration. / SAMMANDRAG Idag beskrivs ofta generationen som vuxit upp med internet och digitala medier i termer av att vara en ”internetgeneration” (Tapscott, 1998), "digitala infödingar" (Prensky, 2001), "cyberkids" (Holloway, 2003) eller "MySpace-generation" (Rosen, 2008). Dessa antaganden bygger på att det finns en generationsskillnad i förhållningssätt till internet, d.v.s. att ”internetgenerationen” är de som är kunniga och vana internetanvändare till skillnad från äldre generationer som inte helt naturligt kan ta till sig den nya digitala tekniken. Avhandlingens syfte är att empiriskt undersöka ett antal antaganden om ”internetgenerationen” för att ta reda hur dessa kan nyanseras. Således är frågeställningen: Hur kan antaganden om "internetgenerationen" nyanseras?   Följande tre antaganden har utforskats inom de tre artiklarna som ingår i avhandlingen: i) "internetgenerationen" skiljer sig från tidigare generationer när det gäller användningen av internet, ii) "internetgenerationen" är tekniskt kunniga eller digitalt kompetenta; iii) den digitalt kompetenta "internetgenerationen" är också digitalt delaktig eftersom det finns ett orsakssamband mellan digital kompetens och digital delaktighet. För att empiriskt undersöka antagandena om internetgenerationen har teoretiska koncept så som ”digital skills”, ”self-efficacy” samt ”participatory culture” använts. Ett antal hypoteser som deducerats utifrån tidigare forskning har testats på ett riksrepresentativt urval av personer födda mellan 1978 och 1997 (de som tillhör internetgenerationen). Resultaten visar att det är en förenklad bild att prata om en internetgeneration. De som ingår i den kategoriseringen har olika förutsättningar att delta i det digitala samhället. Deras internetanvändning skiljer sig åt både när det gäller hur mycket tid de spenderar samt vad de gör online. Deras digitala kompetens och självförtroende när det gäller användning av datorer skiljer sig också åt och det gäller även den upplevda känslan av delaktighet i informationssamhället. Detta indikerar att inte alla har samma förutsättningar att vara delaktiga i det digitala samhället. Vad som däremot innebär att vara delaktig är fortfarande en obesvarad fråga som behöver ägnas mer uppmärksamhet i framtida studier.

The aim of this work is an analysis of the presumptions of Chile for the development of tourism. The intention is to set off Chile from the general characteristic of a country of "Latin America" and present this exotic destination to a Czech tourist. Other task is to map the range of Czech travel agencies tour offers to this country and see whether they are able to cover the potential of the area of Chile. The thesis also includes a SWOT analysis of Chile as a tourist destination. Finally, the intention is to prove that Chile is a safe and attractive tourist destination with a good potential and excellent conditions for tourism development. The thesis is divided into four parts. The aim of the first chapter is the definition of theoretical terms. The second chapter analyses the presumptions of Chile for the development of tourism. Examines the selective, localization and realization presumptions for the development of tourism in this territory. The third part describes the current situation of tourism in Chile. The last part of the thesis deals with the analysis of local agencies and thier offer of tours to Chile.

Reproductive Medicine currently represents one of the fastest growing medical fields. The birth of Louise Joy Brown as the first baby conceived in vitro fertilization or in vitro, is considered being the historic milestone in development of the treatement methods in assised reproducion. Ethical discussions regarding the admissibility of these methods have developed as a result of technological advance of the infertility treatment. Adequate response of applicable law was required on the currant state of medicine which resulted in the need to regulate legally this field whether it's about establishing of assumption of fatherhood with regard to determination of fatherhood of a child conceived through artificial insemination, as well as determination of the basic conditions for the access to assisted reproductive techniques. Originally, the legislation of artificial insemination was defined only in the implementing regulation of the Ministry of Health, as the reproductive technologies were entirely new area. Today, the area of assisted reproduction is regulated in Act no. 373/2011. This thesis deals with the regulation of the assisted reproduction and it focuses on the controversial methods and procedures which are based on child sex selection, gamete donation and donor anonymity and also it deals with...

Les présomptions interviennent pour corriger les lacunes du raisonnement juridique. Elles sont traditionnellement définies comme « des conséquences que la loi ou le magistrat tire d’un fait connu à un fait inconnu ». Les présomptions occupent un rôle important en droit de la propriété intellectuelle car la recherche de la vérité ainsi que le traitement du doute en constituent l’essence. Qu’il s’agisse d’appréhender les objets (œuvre de l’esprit, invention, marque, etc.), de désigner les acteurs (titulaires ou contrefacteurs) ou de délimiter le contenu des droits de propriété intellectuelle, l’usage des présomptions est incontournable. Cependant, les nouveaux défis (numérique, mondialisation de l’économie, communautarisation du droit, etc.) auxquels sont confrontées les créations immatérielles conduisent le législateur et le juge à galvauder les présomptions. On assiste à une inflation voire une densification de la « norme présomptive » en droit de la propriété intellectuelle : il y a une présomption pour presque tout, sur presque tout et presque partout. Cela fragilise le système de protection des créations immatérielles et, fatalement, engendre une insécurité juridique en droit de la propriété intellectuelle. L’objectif de notre thèse est d’analyser ce que recouvre réellement l’idée de présomptions en droit de la propriété intellectuelle et de délimiter concrètement leur champ d’action (première partie). Cette démarche envisage à terme de proposer une théorie générale des présomptions à partir de laquelle les présomptions applicables en propriété intellectuelle pourraient s’identifier et tirer leur légitimité (deuxième partie). Une telle approche permettra de fournir une grille de lecture plus pertinente tant aux théoriciens qu’aux praticiens de la matière pour aborder efficacement les problématiques inhérentes à ce domaine dont la complexité n’est plus à présenter. / Presumptions in intellectual property law, analysis in the light of general lawPresumptions intervene to correct shortcomings in legal reasoning. They are traditionally defined as "consequences that the law or the magistrate draws from a known fact to an unknown fact". Presumptions play an important role in intellectual property law because the search for truth and the treatment of doubt are its essence. Whether it is to apprehend the objects (intellectual work, invention, trademark, etc.), to designate the actors (owners or counterfeiters) or to delimit the content of the intellectual property rights, the use of presumptions is unavoidable. However, the new challenges (digital, globalization of the economy, communalization of the law, etc.) faced by intangible creations force the legislator and the judge to squander the presumptions. We are witnessing inflation and even densification of the "presumptive norm" in intellectual property law: there is a presumption for almost everything, on almost everything and almost everywhere. This weakens the system of protection of intangible creations and, inevitably, creates unprecedented legal uncertainty in intellectual property law. The aim of our thesis is to analyze what the idea of presumptions in intellectual property law really covers and to concretely define their field of action. This approach ultimately aims to propose a general theory of presumptions from which the presumptions applicable in intellectual property could identify and draw their legitimacy. Such an approach that will provide a reading grid more relevant to both theorists and practitioners of the subject to effectively address the issues inherent in this area whose complexity is more to present.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2019-03-19T12:31:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago de Oliveira Demiciano.pdf: 969392 bytes, checksum: d2b59bb35a2e0ec0a355603b3869d1d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-19T12:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago de Oliveira Demiciano.pdf: 969392 bytes, checksum: d2b59bb35a2e0ec0a355603b3869d1d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The evidence is an important element inside the legal process, but it needs to be studied under the due Law Process to avoid convictions that are uttered without enough elements to diverge the presumption of innocence from the defendant. Before this affirmative, the historical shaping study of the rule of law and its influence on the practical appliance of the dignity principle of the human person. Therefore, the prosecution system was adopted as the criminal justice system, that has principles in accordance with the Federal Constitution as its basis, since there is an independent institution prosecuting and impartial judge of law, enabling, in a broad and contradictory way, so the defendant may file its own version of the facts and, eventually, adduce evidence. However, we must stress that there are constitutional principles that aim to protect the human dignity of all citizens under the criminal jurisdiction of the rule of law, imposing warranties and limiting the State punitive power. It is necessary to have evidence obtained in agreement with all the systematic of Due Law Process, and the consequence is being withdraw from the process and being disabled by the judges. To utter a condemnatory resolution, the evidences need to convince the court of its concreteness and authorship. For that matter, the signs must be seen as a diverse form of the direct evidences, because they don’t have the certainty and an effort is necessary by the interpreter to be able to extract plausible elements leading to the criminal conviction. / Os indícios são elementos importantes na disciplina do processo penal, mas precisam ser estudados sob a ótica do devido processo legal para evitar que condenações sejam proferidas sem elementos suficientes para afastar a presunção de inocência do acusado. Diante desta afirmativa, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo histórico da formação do Estado Democrático de Direito e sua influência para aplicação prática do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. O estudo aborda o fato de o país ter adotado como sistema processual o acusatório, que tem por bases princípios em consonância com a Constituição Federal. Há um órgão independente acusando e um juiz imparcial, possibilitando, de forma ampla o contraditório, ou seja, a defesa pode apresentar sua versão dos fatos e, eventualmente, produzir provas. A pesquisa ressalta ainda a existência de princípios constitucionais que visam proteger a dignidade humana de todos os cidadãos que estiverem sob jurisdição penal de um Estado Democrático de Direito, impondo garantias e limitando o poder punitivo do Estado. Durante o presente estudo, observa-se a necessidade da existência de provas obtidas de acordo com a sistemática do devido processo legal, sob pena do seu desentranhamento e inutilização pelo julgador. Para proferir um decreto condenatório, as provas precisam convencer o magistrado da autoria e materialidade. Neste sentindo, os indícios devem ser observados de forma diversa das provas diretas porque não possuem a certeza; daí a necessidade do esforço do intérprete para extrair elementos convincentes visando impor uma condenação penal. Assim, os elementos que compõem a prova indiciária são objeto principal de investigação desta dissertação

A prova é, sem dúvida, o instrumento mais importante posto ao conhecimento do julgador para determinar o seu convencimento e, a partir daí, definir, dentro dos critérios normativos, a quem deve ser assegurada a clamada justiça. Essa dissertação se propõe a uma investigação dogmática e empírica da aplicabilidade das provas no processo tributário, seja administrativo, seja judicial, demonstrando o seu poder como meio retórico para, por meio da defesa da verdade jurídica e do uso da linguagem como instrumento da formação do conhecimento, convencer o Estado-juiz da validade das proposições trazidas no processo. Também pretende-se demonstrar os limites de aplicação das presunções em matéria tributária, com ênfase no planejamento tributário e no posicionamento adotado pela Administração e pelo Judiciário nas questões envolvendo a responsabilidade tributária de empresas tidas como integrantes de grupo econômico de fato. / The proof is undoubtedly the most important tool put to the knowledge of the judge to determine the conviction and, from there, set within the normative criteria, who must be ensured clamada justice. This thesis proposes a dogmatic and empirical investigation of the applicability of the evidence in the tax process, whether administrative, or judicial, demonstrating its power as a means rhetorical for through the defense of the legal truth and the use of language as training of the instrument knowl edge, convince the state judge the validity of propositions brought in the process. It also aims to demonstrate the limits of application of the presumptions in tax matters, with an emphasis on tax planning and the position adopted by the administration and the judiciary on issues involving the tax liability of companies perceived as economic group.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_joel_venancio.pdf: 1538984 bytes, checksum: 33f7c88de9d75dbf0eb4229cd235359d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-17 / The role of evidence in criminal proceedings is still a tormenting issue. In Brazil, there are few and incomplete works that deal with the issue. In the criminal procedure code the term evidence is used constantly. Sometimes it appears as a synonym of proof, in other cases less proof. The system seems to be so inconsistent, the result of bad technique and archaic legislation. The scholars of the theme in Brazil admit that the evidence can be used as proof with restrictions. For the majority they need to be supported by direct proof, serving as a complement to that. Indeed the expression evidence is always used in the plural, as such would be its weakness and therefore could only be accepted as evidence if there is a body of evidence and proof harmonics. The restriction on the use of evidence as evidence is justified in view of the principles of real truth, existing in criminal proceedings. The sentencing in the criminal proceedings would only be appropriate when there is a certainty of hard evidence and criminal authorship. The evidence would be unable to reveal the full truth, because it is likely that the court has obtained it through a logical construction, according to the rules of the practice, while the direct evidence could rebuild the fact to be proven. The argument of the real truth is false. The full truth is absolutely unattainable. The philosophy from remote attempts to conceptualize the true reasons without success, this depends on the vision of the speaker and the human limitations of the process itself, and there is no way to get the full truth. What if it is true that the process is able to prove with the evidence available? The prosecution itself mitigates the real truth to impose a series of restrictions on the evidence, as in the case of those obtained by unlawful means. Apart from the real truth there is only the probability of occurrence of fact, whatever the means of evidence are used. The risk of a conviction is unfair in a system of criminal procedure and it only decreases when the parties ensure equal conditions (not only fictitious), it is the end of the dialectal process that can provide the truth / O papel dos indícios no processo penal ainda é questão tormentosa. No Brasil poucas e incompletas são as obras que tratam do tema. No código de processo penal a expressão indício é utilizada constantemente. Por vezes aparece com sinônimo de prova, noutras como menos que prova. O sistema mostra-se assim, incoerente, fruto de arcaica e péssima técnica legislativa. Os estudiosos do tema no Brasil, quando admitem que o indício pode ser utilizado como meio de prova o fazem com restrições. Para a maioria eles precisam ser comprovados por prova direta, servindo de complemento àquela. Aliás a expressão indício é sempre utilizada no plural, pois tamanha seria sua fragilidade que só poderiam ser aceitos como prova se houvesse um conjunto deles afinados, harmônicos. A restrição ao uso do indicio como meio de prova se justifica tendo em vista o princípio da verdade real, vigente no processo penal. A condenação no processo penal só seria cabível quando houvesse certeza plena da materialidade e autoria delitiva. O indício seria incapaz de revelar esta verdade plena, por tratar-se de juízo de probabilidade, pois é obtido através de uma construção lógica, pelas regras da experiência. A verdade plena, absoluta é inatingível. A filosofia desde remota época tenta conceituar a verdade sem sucesso, eis que esta depende da visão do falante. Pelas limitações humanas e do próprio processo não há como obter a verdade plena, inatacável. O que se consegue é a verdade que o processo é capaz de revelar com os meios de prova disponíveis. O próprio processo penal mitiga a verdade real ao impor uma série de restrições quanto à prova, como no caso das obtidas por meios ilícitos. Afastada a verdade real só resta a probabilidade da ocorrência do fato, qualquer que sejam os meios de provas utilizados. O risco de uma condenação injusta é uma constante do sistema processual penal e ele só diminui quando se assegura às partes iguais condições (não apenas fictícias), afinal é a dialética do processo que fornecerá a verdade possível

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / 'n Kort elementologiese uiteensetting vir strafregtelike aanspreeklikheid word gevolg deur bewysregtelike begrippe wat van toepassing is op vermoedens by toerekeningsvatbaarheid. Die historiese regsposisie asook die ontwikkeling in die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse reg met betrekking tot geestesongesteldes, kinders en persone wat 'n verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid insluit, word bespreek. Daar word gekonsentreer op ·die ontwikkeling van 'n algemene verweer van niepatologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid. Die konstitusionele reg, vennoedens en ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid word aan die hand van Suid-Afrikaanse regspraak en die Interim Grondwet bespreek. Daar word na buitelandse reg gekyk ten einde 'n aanbeveling te kan maak wat grondwetlik nie sal indruis op die reg van die individu tot onskuld nie. 'n Algemene verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningvatbaarheid word onderstellll mits dit met omsigtigheid deur die howe benader word. Die arbitrere ouderdomsgrens vir vasstelling van toerekeningsvatbaarheid by kinders word gekritiseer en 'n verhoorbaarheidvasstellingseenheid word aanbeveel. / A short elementological discussion of criminal responsibility is followed by concepts of law of evidence that is applicable to presumptions of accountability. The historical legal position as well as the development in the current South African law and the present legal position with reference to the mentally disturbed children and persons with a defence of non-pathological unaccountability are included and discussed. The constitutional law, presumptions and unaccountablility are discussed with reference to the South African case law and the Interim Constitution. Foreign law is perused so that a recommendation could be made that would not interfere with the rights of the individual to be deemed innocent. A general defence of non-pathological unaccountability is supported if it is treated with the necessary circumspection by the courts. The arbitrary age boundaries for the determination of accountability in children is critized and a unit to determine trialability for pathological and non-pathological accountability is recommended. / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL.M.

A noção de livre convencimento estipula ao julgamento de processos judiciais uma investigação sobre fatos amparada em avaliação epistemológica. Essa estratégia, entretanto, apresenta dificuldades insuperáveis nas diversas formulações desse tipo de raciocínio por não oferecer respostas definitivas para solucionar problemas práticos, como aqueles envolvidos na concretização do direito, levando a graus diferentes de dúvida. Diante desse quadro surge a pergunta sobre qual nível de confirmação será aceito para respaldar uma decisão. Esse trabalho propõe como solução a tal aporia uma aproximação dos argumentos utilizados para a decisão em matéria de fato à estrutura dos argumentos práticos. Assim, além das reflexões epistemológicas, incorporam-se elementos morais e políticos em seu esquema central. Por meio dessa conclusão são introduzidos obrigatoriamente ao raciocínio judicial o que se denomina critérios de suficiência, orientações sobre o grau de comprovação das versões levantadas num caso concreto. Esse instituto, além de imprescindível para viabilizar a racionalidade dos juízos de fato, assume ainda a função de distribuir o risco de decisões equivocadas entre os litigantes. Trata-se de elemento de legitimação das decisões em matéria de fato, mediante a argumentação dos riscos que o processo envolve. Esse raciocínio não é de forma alguma ignorado pela dogmática jurídica brasileira, embora não seja adequadamente sistematizado. Daí a importância de sua abordagem teórica, a demonstrar que é requisito imprescindível de legitimação das decisões sobre fatos tomadas nos processos judiciais, e verificação prática de diversos institutos, integralmente compatíveis com essa proposição. A partir de experiências jurídicas que tratam do assunto de modo sistematizado a mais tempo, propõe-se uma discussão sobre os termos que devem ser observados no ordenamento brasileiro em acordo com suas características. / The idea of free proof stipulates to judicial process decision an investigation over facts supported only by epistemological evaluation. This strategy, however, presents unbearable difficulties in the various manifestations of this kind of reasoning, as it does not offers definitive answers to solve practical problems, like those involved in applying the law, which leads to different degrees of doubt. Considering this picture, emerges the question about what level of confirmation will be accepted to sustain a decision. This dissertation proposes as a solution to the presented aporia an approximation of the arguments utilized to decide about facts to the structure of practical argumentation. Thus, beyond epistemological reasons, moral and political elements are incorporate to its central sketch. Through this conclusion are necessarily introduced to judicial reasoning what is called standards of proof, guidance about the degree of confirmation which versions must sustained to be successful on specific situations. This institute, additionally to its importance to validate the rationality of factual decisions, it assumes the purpose of distributing the risk of wrong perceptions among litigants. Its an element of legitimating decisions about facts, by reasoning the risks that the process handles. This reasoning is not at all ignored by Brazilian law, in despite of its lack of systematization. Hence the importance of its theoretical approach, which demonstrates that is an indispensible requirement of legitimacy to the decisions about facts taken in judicial processes, and of its practical approach, verifying the compatibility of several law mechanisms to this proposition. Build on juridical experiences that study the subject in an systematized fashion and longer than our occupation of the subject, it is proposed a discussion about the terms in which these should be observed in Brazilian law, in accordance to its characteristics.

Presumtionsreglerna i 11 kap. ÄB får anses vara ett hjälpmedel vid tolkning av testamenten som i sig inte ger tillräcklig ledning för vad testatorn avsett ska hända med sin kvarlåtenskap. Dessa presumtionsregler är tänkta att ge uttryck för vad testatorer i allmänhet vill ska hända med sitt arv efter sin bortgång i specifika situationer. Att reglerna ska ge uttryck för vad den ”genomsnittlige” testatorn vill innebär att reglernas utformning måste vara av generell karaktär. I denna uppsats utreder vi presumtionsregeln i 11 kap. 5 § ÄB som behandlar panträttsbelastade saklegat. Arbetet är avgränsat till att enbart behandla det fall då en fastighet har pantsatts och belånats för att finansiera uppförandet av en byggnad på ofri grund. Uppsatsen framställer en kritisk syn på utformningen av nu nämnda presumtionsregel enligt gällande rätt. För att utreda och peka på brister i gällande rätt används en deskriptiv metod, vilket är en förutsättning för den kommande analysen som undersöker möjligheten till en förändring av presumtionsregeln i fråga. Rättsläget analyseras sedermera med hjälp av en analytisk och problemorienterad metod. I denna del av uppsatsen inventeras argument för och emot de framlagda förslagen till förändring, varefter argumenten vägs mot varandra. På grundval av argumentationen tar författarna ställning till huruvida varje enskilt förslag är möjligt att genomföra. Resultatet av analysen är att införandet av ett andra stycke till presumtionsregeln i 11 kap. 5 § ÄB är det mest lämpliga alternativet för att lösa den problematik som behandlas. Ett sådant stycke skulle tydligt stadga vem som ska bära panträttsbelastningen vid testatorns bortgång för det fall att testatorn har pantsatt en fastighet för att finansiera uppförandet av en byggnad på ofri grund. / The rules of presumption in chapter 11 of the Swedish Inheritance Code are to be considered as an aid in the interpretation of wills, if the will itself does not provide sufficient guidance for what the deviser intended to happen with his legacy. These rules of presumption are meant to express what a deceased person in general would want to happen with his legacy in specific situations. The rules of presumption have to be of a general nature in order to represent the average deceased persons intentions. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the rule of presumption given in chapter 11. 5 § of the Swedish Inheritance Code concerning estate with an attached mortgage lien which the deviser in his will has left to a specific legatee. This thesis is limited to only treat the case where a mortgage lien on property is deposited as security for a loan in order to finance the construction of a building on leasehold. The thesis presents a critical view of the design of the aforementioned rule of presumption according to current legislation. In order to investigate and identify shortcomings in current law, a descriptive method is used, which is a prerequisite for future analysis that examines the possibility of a change of the rule of presumption in question.The legal position is analyzed with an analytical approach. In this part of the thesis, arguments for and against the proposals of change are being evaluated. On the basis of these arguments, the authors consider whether each proposal is possible to implement or not. The result of the analysis is that the introduction of a subparagraph to the rule of presumption in chapter 11. 5 § of the Swedish Inheritance Code is the most suitable option to solve the issues being treated in the thesis. Such a subparagraph would clearly state which one of the legatees who is obligated to carry the burden of the mortgage lien attached to the property that has been deposited in order to finance the construction of a building on leasehold.