In order to gain competitive advantages in markets, companies have provided a variety of customized products to satisfy customer-specific requirements, leading to not only a large amount of product data but also high cost, long lead-time and complexity of quality control. Efficient product data management throughout the product lifecycle has become increasingly crucial, of which product structure management is regarded as the most important constituent.  The study took ABB Mine Hoist system as a case to investigate how to construct a generic product structure model fit for engineer-to-order system offerings with the consideration of their sales-delivery product lifecycle. The aim of the model is to facilitate the product-related information sharing and reuse across a company, and the integration of different business operations throughout the entire product lifecycle as well. Based on the current situation analysis of product data management on ABB Mine Hoist, three major issues were identified which need to be addressed in the formulation of a generic structure model: namely the integration of requirements of multiple disciplines; the consistency of product information throughout the product lifecycle; and the constant update of product repository. Through illustrating the formulation of ABB Mine Hoist generic structure model, the method of how to construct a generic product structure model for engineer-to-order system product was presented. The model was achieved by applying the framework of the step-based product model and was regarded as a result of integrating domain-specific requirements. The adaptive generic product structure model was then employed to display the role of this generic model in the different phases of a sales-delivery lifecycle. The model could serve as a “master concept” to transfer common product information in the product lifecycle. It’s expected to benefit the business of engineer-to-order system product through improving the integration of different disciplines, enhancing information exchange and reuse. It could also provide an abstract and conceptual basis for potential product repository to reinforce data consistency and completeness.

A partir dos anos 2000 houve uma significativa mudança no cenário global da manufatura, no sentido de induzir as empresas a trabalhar dentro de ambientes colaborativos, os quais necessitam de soluções mais integradas ao \'modelo de empresa estendida\' para colaborar a organização como um todo, incluindo parceiros, fornecedores e clientes. Na atualidade, as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento dos processos de manufatura necessitam levar em consideração a dispersão de recursos (do ponto de vista sistema), que engloba inclusive o conhecimento e a informação. Um problema de grande importância está na \'conexão\' (interface) entre as engenharias, os ambientes de produção e os ambientes de operações comerciais, principalmente na precisão do compartilhamento de dados. Como proposta de solução deste problema a pesquisa tem como contribuição a criação do modelo de referência denominado PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), suportado pelas iniciativas da manufatura digital DM (Digital Manufacturing) do PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), que envolvem \'simulação\' e \'procedimentos colaborativos\', principalmente para as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura, consideradas o \'elo\' entre o desenvolvimento de produtos, o gerenciamento do chão de fábrica e o planejamento e controle da produção. O modelo de referência PLM2M tem como objetivo integrar as áreas que participam do processo de manufatura. Está fundamentado em um conjunto de procedimentos que explora estratégias de modelagem de fluxos de trabalho WfMS (Workflow Management System) e arquitetura TIC (Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação), a modelagem de processos de negócios, as definições de produto, o layout de plantas industriais, os recursos (máquinas e dispositivos, matéria-prima e pessoas), o sequenciamento das operações de produção (que releva a demanda e envolve volume, variedade e prazos), e ainda, o controle e gerenciamento das informações de chão de fábrica. O modelo PLM2M estabelece relação com a gestão de portfólio de programas e projetos no ciclo de vida de produtos (PLM) e tem o propósito de oferecer melhoria de produtividade, ajuste de capacidade de produção e melhor reuso dos ativos da planta, proporcionando melhores \'time-to-market\' de produtos. Para implementar o modelo PLM2M considera-se a hipótese de que esse modelo deve ser aplicado em cenários de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura para ambientes complexos e dispersos e que estejam engajados dentro de critérios de avaliação (assessment) de modelos de maturidade e capabilidade em relação ao uso do PLM e Manufatura Digital. / Since 2000, there has been a significant change in the global scenario of manufacturing, in order to induce companies to work within collaborative environments, which require more integrated solutions to the \'extended enterprise model\' to collaborate the organization as a whole, including partners, suppliers and customers. In the current days, the activities of manufacturing process planning and management need to take into account the dispersion of resources (from the point of view system), which includes the knowledge and information. A problem of great importance is the \'connection\' (interface) among the engineering, the production environments and the commercial operations environments, mainly in the accuracy of the data sharing. As a proposal for solve this problem the research presents as a contribution the creation of the reference model called PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), supported by initiatives of Digital Manufacturing (DM) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), that involves \'simulation\' and \'collaborative procedures\', principally for activities of manufacturing processes planning and management, considered the \'link\' among the products development, the shop floor management and the production planning and control. The PLM2M reference model has as objective to integrate the areas that participate in the manufacturing process. It is based on a set of procedures that explores workflows modeling strategies WfMS (Workflow Management System) and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) architecture, the business processes modeling, the product definitions, the layout of industrial plants, the resources (machines and devices, raw materials and people), the sequencing of production operations (which takes into account the demand and involves volume, variety and lead-time), and yet, the shop floor information control and management. The PLM2M model establishes relationship with the portfolio management of programs and projects in the product lifecycle management (PLM) and has the purpose to provide productivity improvement, adjustment of production capacity and better reuse of plant assets, providing better \'time-to-market\' of products. To implement the PLM2M model, it is important to consider the hypothesis that this model should be applied in manufacturing process planning and management scenarios for complex and dispersed environments and that are engaged within assessment criteria of maturity and capability models in relation to the use of PLM and Digital Manufacturing.

A partir dos anos 2000 houve uma significativa mudança no cenário global da manufatura, no sentido de induzir as empresas a trabalhar dentro de ambientes colaborativos, os quais necessitam de soluções mais integradas ao \'modelo de empresa estendida\' para colaborar a organização como um todo, incluindo parceiros, fornecedores e clientes. Na atualidade, as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento dos processos de manufatura necessitam levar em consideração a dispersão de recursos (do ponto de vista sistema), que engloba inclusive o conhecimento e a informação. Um problema de grande importância está na \'conexão\' (interface) entre as engenharias, os ambientes de produção e os ambientes de operações comerciais, principalmente na precisão do compartilhamento de dados. Como proposta de solução deste problema a pesquisa tem como contribuição a criação do modelo de referência denominado PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), suportado pelas iniciativas da manufatura digital DM (Digital Manufacturing) do PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), que envolvem \'simulação\' e \'procedimentos colaborativos\', principalmente para as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura, consideradas o \'elo\' entre o desenvolvimento de produtos, o gerenciamento do chão de fábrica e o planejamento e controle da produção. O modelo de referência PLM2M tem como objetivo integrar as áreas que participam do processo de manufatura. Está fundamentado em um conjunto de procedimentos que explora estratégias de modelagem de fluxos de trabalho WfMS (Workflow Management System) e arquitetura TIC (Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação), a modelagem de processos de negócios, as definições de produto, o layout de plantas industriais, os recursos (máquinas e dispositivos, matéria-prima e pessoas), o sequenciamento das operações de produção (que releva a demanda e envolve volume, variedade e prazos), e ainda, o controle e gerenciamento das informações de chão de fábrica. O modelo PLM2M estabelece relação com a gestão de portfólio de programas e projetos no ciclo de vida de produtos (PLM) e tem o propósito de oferecer melhoria de produtividade, ajuste de capacidade de produção e melhor reuso dos ativos da planta, proporcionando melhores \'time-to-market\' de produtos. Para implementar o modelo PLM2M considera-se a hipótese de que esse modelo deve ser aplicado em cenários de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura para ambientes complexos e dispersos e que estejam engajados dentro de critérios de avaliação (assessment) de modelos de maturidade e capabilidade em relação ao uso do PLM e Manufatura Digital. / Since 2000, there has been a significant change in the global scenario of manufacturing, in order to induce companies to work within collaborative environments, which require more integrated solutions to the \'extended enterprise model\' to collaborate the organization as a whole, including partners, suppliers and customers. In the current days, the activities of manufacturing process planning and management need to take into account the dispersion of resources (from the point of view system), which includes the knowledge and information. A problem of great importance is the \'connection\' (interface) among the engineering, the production environments and the commercial operations environments, mainly in the accuracy of the data sharing. As a proposal for solve this problem the research presents as a contribution the creation of the reference model called PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), supported by initiatives of Digital Manufacturing (DM) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), that involves \'simulation\' and \'collaborative procedures\', principally for activities of manufacturing processes planning and management, considered the \'link\' among the products development, the shop floor management and the production planning and control. The PLM2M reference model has as objective to integrate the areas that participate in the manufacturing process. It is based on a set of procedures that explores workflows modeling strategies WfMS (Workflow Management System) and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) architecture, the business processes modeling, the product definitions, the layout of industrial plants, the resources (machines and devices, raw materials and people), the sequencing of production operations (which takes into account the demand and involves volume, variety and lead-time), and yet, the shop floor information control and management. The PLM2M model establishes relationship with the portfolio management of programs and projects in the product lifecycle management (PLM) and has the purpose to provide productivity improvement, adjustment of production capacity and better reuse of plant assets, providing better \'time-to-market\' of products. To implement the PLM2M model, it is important to consider the hypothesis that this model should be applied in manufacturing process planning and management scenarios for complex and dispersed environments and that are engaged within assessment criteria of maturity and capability models in relation to the use of PLM and Digital Manufacturing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3829.pdf: 4230286 bytes, checksum: 57d5e0c531823572429b3f117b7809fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / A necessary condition for the economic efficiency of modern plants is the ability to adjust - as quickly and effectively as possible - the performance of manufacturing process for demand request decisions. In this sense, the research emphasized the importance of understanding the best practices in Information Technology (IT) and the trade scenario of solutions using shopfloor real data in virtual environments for simulation and many achieved benefits. The highlights of this research focused on exploring the collaboration (practice of skills for the achievement of mutually beneficial results) between the MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) and the digital manufacturing systems (also called virtual manufacturing systems) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), in a scenario where the manufacturing processes require high flexibility, reliability and lower delivery times, extensive combination of variants and lower life-cycle of products. The research - in an exploratory and descriptive way, which identified the available knowledge on the subject more sharply between the years 2006 and 2010 - was grounded in the practices of world-renowned companies and institutions and considered opinions and evaluations of renowned researchers and professionals with expertise in initiatives to support the use of MES solutions data in systems of digital manufacturing of PLM to manufacturing processes planning. As a result of the studied scenarios and covered concepts, the research has consolidated a "diagram of information collaboration", with the aim of providing better decision choices within the framework of shop-floor project, processes planning and production management. The research also concluded that the MES systems may have their value extended if integrated within the characteristics of functionalities of the PLM concept. It also brought some recommendations and limitations on the portability of information, commented on the learned lessons and suggestions for future tasks that include the BPM (Business Process Management). / Uma condição necessária para a eficiência econômica das fábricas modernas é a habilidade de adequar - de forma mais rápida e melhor possível - o desempenho dos processos de manufatura às decisões de solicitação de demanda. Nesse sentido, ressaltou-se a importância de compreender as melhores práticas de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e o cenário comercial de soluções que utilizam dados reais de chão-de-fábrica em ambientes virtuais de simulação e os vários benefícios obtidos. O destaque desta pesquisa ficou por conta de explorar a colaboração (prática de competências para a obtenção de resultados mutuamente vantajosos) entre os sistemas MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) e os sistemas de manufatura digital (também chamada fábrica virtual) do PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), num cenário onde os processos de manufatura impõem alta flexibilidade, confiança e menores tempos de entrega, ampla combinação de variantes e menores ciclos de vida de produtos. A pesquisa - de forma exploratória e descritiva, que identificou o conhecimento disponível sobre o tema mais acentuadamente entre os anos de 2006 e 2010 - foi embasada nas práticas de instituições e empresas mundialmente reconhecidas, e considerou opiniões e avaliações de profissionais e pesquisadores renomados nas iniciativas que apóiam a utilização de dados das soluções MES em sistemas de manufatura digital do PLM para o planejamento de processos de manufatura. Como resultado dos cenários estudados e conceitos abordados, a pesquisa consolidou um diagrama de colaboração da informação , com o propósito de auxiliar melhores tomadas de decisão no âmbito do projeto de chão-de-fábrica, planejamento de processos e gerência da produção. A pesquisa ainda concluiu quanto os sistemas MES podem ter seu valor ampliado se integrados dentro das características de funcionalidades do conceito PLM, trouxe algumas recomendações e limitações sobre a portabilidade das informações, comentou sobre as lições aprendidas e apresentou sugestões de trabalhos futuros que inclui o gerenciamento de processos de negócios BPM (Business Process Management).

Semantic interoperability (SI) of a product model refers to automatic exchange of meaning associated with the product data, among applications/domains throughout the product development cycle. In the product development cycle, several applications (engineering design, industrial design, manufacturing, supply chain, marketing, maintenance etc.) and different engineering domains (mechanical, electrical, electronic etc.) come into play making the ability to exchange product data with semantics very significant. With product development happening in multiple locations with multiple tools/systems, SI between these systems/domains becomes important. The thesis presents a feature-based framework for shape model to address these SI issues when exchanging shape models. Problem of exchanging semantics associated with shape model to support the product lifecycle has been identified and explained. Different types of semantic interoperability issues pertaining to the shape model have been identified and classified. Features in a shape model can be associated with volume addition/subtraction to/from base-solid, deformation/modification of base-sheet/base surface, forming of material of constant thickness. The DIFF model has been extended to represent, classify and extract Free-Form Surface Features (FFSFs) and deformation features in a part model. FFSFs refer to features that modify a free-form surface. Deformation features are created in constant thickness part models, for example, deformation of material (as in sheet-metal parts) or forming of material (as in injection molded parts with constant thickness), also referred to as constant thickness features. Volumetric features covered in the DIFF model have been extended to classify and represent volumetric features based on relative variations of cross-section and PathCurve. Shape feature ontology is described based on unified feature taxonomy with definitions and labels of features as defined in the extended DIFF model. Features definitions are used as intermediate and unambiguous representation for shape features. The feature ontology is used to capture semantics of shape features. The proposed ontology enables reasoning to handle semantic equivalences between feature labels, and is used to map shape features from a source to target applications. Reasoning framework for identification of semantically equivalent feature labels and representations for the feature being exchanged across multiple applications is presented and discussed. This reasoning framework is used to associate multiple construction paths for a feature and associate applicable meanings from the ontology. Interface is provided to select feature label for a target application from the list of labels which are semantically equivalent for the feature being exchanged/mapped. Parameters for the selected feature label can be mapped from the DIFF representation; the feature can then be represented/constructed in the target application using the feature label and mapped parameters. This work shows that product model with feature information (feature labels and representations), as understood by the target application, can be exchanged and maintained in such a way that multiple applications can use the product information as their understandable labels and representations. Finally, the thesis concludes by summarizing the main contributions and outlining the scope for future work.

Ce travail s'intéresse à la gestion d'information techniques et connaissances métiers issues de la production pour assurer l'interopérabilité et la continuité de la chaîne numérique. Dans un contexte d'entreprise étendue et de développement des technologies de l’information pour l'usine du futur, l'industrie aéronautique s'oriente vers une intégration flexible et agile des phases de conception et fabrication pour l'obtention de pièces bonnes du premier coup. C'est pour assurer la maîtrise des processus et la capitalisation des savoir-faire métier issus de la fabrication que ces travaux adressent la problématique suivante : comment élaborer un modèle d'interopérabilité de la chaîne numérique d'industrialisation, pour assurer une intégration agile de la conception et de la fabrication ? Pour ce faire, nous définissons deux propositions : OntoSTEP-NC pour permettre l'extraction et la structuration des données issues de la fabrication et Closed-Loop Manufacturing pour permettre l'intégration et la réutilisation des connaissances métiers capitalisées au niveau de l'industrialisation. Les apports de ces propositions se retrouvent dans la définition d'un cadre d'interopérabilité pour l'usine du futur mais également dans les enjeux tels que la définition de bonnes pratiques pour l'entreprise étendue en vue d'une harmonisation des processus de fabrication. Ces travaux ont été validés au travers d'un démonstrateur sur un cas d'étude industriel comportant plusieurs scénarii. / This work focuses on the knowledge and the data management extracted from the manufacturing to ensure the interoperability in the digital chain. According to the extended enterprise and the factory of the future context, the aeronautics manufacturers tend to a design and manufacturing integrated platform in order to get a right part the first time.This work focus on manufacturing process control and capitalization of know-how from the manufacturing aiming at answering the following issue : How to enable interoperability for the digital production process in order to ensure an integrated and agile design and manufacturing ? This issue is addressed with two proposals : OntoSTEP-NC which focuses on how to model and structure the manufacturing knowledge from the CNC machine and Closed-Loop Manufacturing which focuses on how to re-use and integrate the information feedback from manufacturing to process engineering. Both combined those two proposals address the main issue of this work defining an interoperability framework for the factory of the future and address trends like the definition of guidelines for manufacturing in extended enterprise context. This work has been validated through a demonstrator and an industrial case study with various scenarios.

Le déploiement du développement durable passe par des enjeux de transition sociétale et technique auxquels cherche à répondre le Design for Sustainability (DfS). Dans le cadre de la conception des systèmes de production, et en particulier pour les produits manufacturés, les impacts environnementaux que ce soit en termes de consommation de ressources ou de rejets (déchets, émissions) doivent être intégrés comme des paramètres de conception. L’évaluation des impacts environnementaux (par exemple par l’Analyse de Cycle de Vie, ACV) doit donc s’articuler avec la gestion du cycle de vie des produits (PLM). L’inventaire de cycle de vie, ICV est un élément central du lien entre le système de production et son environnement, caractérisé par des informations géographiques et spatiales sur l’écosphère. Le travail de thèse proposé stipule que les impacts environnementaux des systèmes conçus dépendent de cette caractérisation géographique. Les approches d’écoconception et de DFS doivent donc intégrer ces informations géographiques ce qu’elles ne font que très peu, ces informations n’étant pas intégré dans les outils de conception. La thèse propose donc une approche de modélisation pour intégrer les informations relatives au produit et son système de production (via le PLM), l’évaluation de son potentiel d’impact environnemental (via l’ACV et en particulier l’ICV), et les informations géographiques en conception. Pour cela, les informations géographiques à associer sont identifiées et des cas d’études illustratifs sont construits pour montrer l’impact de ces informations sur la définition des produits / There are different approaches to implement sustainability and Design for Sustainability (DfS) is the one that give more accurate result by considering both global and regional scales. Integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is an example of tool integration to support sustainability. In LCA framework, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) is the quantified and classified list of input and output flow of the LCA model that is a model of the product system, linking the technological system to the ecosphere (Environment system). As each region has a unique environmental system, design characteristics and specifications of technological system should be modified and adopted based on these differences. Implementation of this approach will require geographical information of interacted environmental systems, which is a kind of new strategy in DfS. Therefore, we tested the interest of the integration of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with PLM to support geographical considerations during product development activities. The main research question of this research work is then how to propose this PLM-GIS integration for DfS. Thus, we conducted that literature review on existing data models about product, environment, geography and their combination is a key to prove the link among them

Abstract Products and services are critical for companies as they create the foundation for companies’ financial success. Twenty per cent of company products typically account for some eighty per cent of sales volume. Nevertheless, the product portfolio decisions — how to strategically renew company product offering — tend to involve emotions, pet products and who-shout-the-loudest mentality while facts, numbers, and quantitative analyses are missing. Profitability is currently measured and reported at a company level, and firms seem unable to measure product-level profitability in a constant way. Consequently, companies are unable to maintain and renew their product portfolio in a strategically or commercially balanced way. The main objective of this study is to provide a data-driven product portfolio management (PPM) concept, which recognises and visualises in real-time and based on facts which company products are concurrently strategic and profitable, and what is the share of them in the product portfolio. This dissertation is a qualitative study to understand the topical area by the means combining literature review, company interviews, observations, and company internal material, to take steps towards data-driven decision-making in PPM. This study indicates that company data assets need to be combined and governed company-widely to realise the full potential of company strategic assets — the DATA. Data must be governed separately from business IT technology and beyond it. Beyond data and technology, the data-driven company culture must be adopted first. The data-driven PPM concept connects key business processes, business IT systems and several concepts, such as productization, product lifecycle management and PPM. The managerial implications include, that the shared understanding of the company products is needed, and the commercial and technical product structures are created accordingly, as they form the backbone of the company business as the skeleton to gather all product-related business-critical information for product-level profitability analysis. Also, product classification for strategic, supportive and non-strategic is needed, since the strategic nature of the product can change during the entire product lifecycle, e.g. due to the technology obsolescence, disruptive innovations by competitors, or for any other reason. / Tiivistelmä Tuotteet ja palvelut ovat yrityksille kriittisiä, sillä ne luovat perustan yritysten taloudelliselle menestykselle. Kaksikymmentä prosenttia yrityksen tuotteista edustaa tyypillisesti noin kahdeksaakymmentä prosenttia myyntimääristä. Siitä huolimatta tuoteporfoliopäätöksiin — kuinka strategisesti uudistetaan yrityksen tuotetarjoomaa — liittyy tunteita, lemmikkituotteita ja kuka-huutaa-kovimmin -mentaliteettia faktojen, numeroiden ja kvantitatiivisten analyysien puuttuessa. Kannattavuutta mitataan ja raportoidaan tällä hetkellä yritystasolla, ja yritykset eivät näyttäisi pystyvän mittaamaan tuotetason kannattavuutta johdonmukaisesti. Tämä estää yrityksiä ylläpitämästä ja uudistamasta tuotevalikoimaansa strategisesti tai kaupallisesti tasapainoisella tavalla. Tämän tutkimuksen päätavoite on tarjota dataohjattu (data-driven) tuoteportfoliohallinnan konsepti, joka tunnistaa ja visualisoi reaaliajassa ja faktapohjaisesti, mitkä yrityksen tuotteet ovat samanaikaisesti strategisia ja kannattavia ja mikä on niiden osuus tuoteportfoliossa. Tämä väitöskirja on laadullinen tutkimus, jossa yhdistyy kirjallisuuskatsaus, yrityshaastattelut, havainnot ja yritysten sisäinen dokumentaatio, joiden pohjalta pyritään kohti dataohjautuvaa päätöksentekoa tuoteportfolion hallinnassa. Tämä tutkimus osoittaa, että yrityksen data assettit on yhdistettävä ja hallittava yrityksenlaajuisesti, jotta yrityksen strategisten assettien — DATAN — potentiaali voidaan hyödyntää kokonaisuudessaan. Data on hallittava erillään yrityksen IT-teknologiasta ja sen yläpuolella. Ennen dataa ja teknologiaa on omaksuttava dataohjattu yrityskulttuuri. Dataohjatun tuoteportfolionhallinnan konsepti yhdistää keskeiset liiketoimintaprosessit, liiketoiminnan IT-järjestelmät ja useita konsepteja, kuten tuotteistaminen, tuotteen elinkaaren hallinta ja tuoteportfolion hallinta. Yhteisymmärrys yrityksen tuotteista ja sekä kaupallisen että teknisen tuoterakenteet luominen vastaavasti on ennakkoedellytys dataohjatulle tuoteportfolion hallinnalle, koska ne muodostavat yrityksen liiketoiminnan selkärangan, joka yhdistää kaikki tuotteisiin liittyvät liiketoimintakriittiset tiedot tuotetason kannattavuuden analysoimiseksi. Lisäksi tarvitaan tuotteiden kategorisointi strategisiin, tukeviin ja ei-strategisiin tuotteisiin, koska tuotteen strateginen luonne voi muuttua tuotteen elinkaaren aikana, johtuen esimerkiksi teknologian vanhenemisesta, kilpailijoiden häiritsevistä innovaatioista tai mistä tahansa muusta syystä.

Det är ingen hemlighet att textilindustrin står för en stor del av världens koldioxidutsläpp. Majoriteten av företagen i dagens modeindustri arbetar efter linjära affärsmodeller som bygger på en slit-och-släng-mentalitet där en stor del av textilier hamnar till deponi. Ett segment inom mode som har blivit kritiserat för sitt bidrag till ökad konsumtion, en ökad slit-och-släng-mentalitet och stora mängder av textilavfall är fast fashion. För att en förändring ska ske krävs arbete som omfattar hållbarhet och cirkularitet. Ett sätt för modeföretagen att arbeta med detta och gå mot en cirkulär ekonomi är genom att påverka arbetssättet i produktlivscykelns olika steg. Den här studien syftar till att att undersöka i vilken utsträckning cirkulär ekonomi förekommer i ett fast fashion-företags affärsmodell samt undersöka vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som kan uppstå i arbetet med cirkulär ekonomi. Detta besvarades med hjälp av datainsamling från semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokument i form av hållbarhetsredovisningar där ett utvalt svenskt fast fashion-företag undersöktes. I studien har verktyget Close The Loop och Circular Business Model Canvas använts för att kategorisera arbetssätt, möjligheter och utmaningar som framkommit i datainsamlingen. Resultatet visar vilka arbetssätt, möjligheter och utmaningar som finns inom specifika steg i produktlivscykeln. Det finns stora möjligheter för företaget och segmentet fast-fashion att integrera cirkulär ekonomi i sin affärsmodell samtidigt som det finns utmaningar. De delar i företagets affärsmodell som främjar en cirkulär ekonomi är värdeerbjudanden, kundrelationer, intäktströmmar, nyckelresurser, nyckelaktiviteter, nyckelpartners och kostnadsstruktur. De utmaningar som företaget främst upplever är kopplade till kundsegment och införningsfaktorer i form av externa aktörer. Studien bidrar vidare med kunskap och förståelse för vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som finns inom det specifika branschsegmentet fast fashion och funderar som underlag för företag att få inspiration om cirkulära arbetssätt. / There is no secret that the textile industry accounts for a large part of the world's carbon dioxide emissions. The majority of today's fashion industry works according to linear business models based on a wear-and-tear mentality where a large part of textiles ends up in landfill. A segment in fashion that has been criticized for its contribution to increased consumption, an increased wear-and-tear mentality and large amounts of textile waste is fast fashion. For a change to take place, work that includes sustainability and circularity is required. One way for fashion companies to work with this and move towards a circular economy is by influencing the working method in the various stages of the product life cycle. This study aims to investigate the extent to which circular economy occurs in a fast fashion company’s business model and to examine the opportunities and challenges that may arise in the work with circular economy. This was answered with the help of data collection from semi-structured interviews and documents in the form of sustainability reports where a selected Swedish fast fashion company was examined. In the study, Close The Loop and Circular Business Model Canvas were used to categorize working methods, opportunities and challenges that emerged in the data collection. The result shows the working methods, opportunities and challenges that exist within specific steps in the product life cycle. There are great opportunities for the company and the fast-fashion segment to integrate a circular economy into their business model while there also are some challenges. The parts of the company's business model that promote a circular economy are value propositions, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners and cost structure. The challenges that the company mainly experiences are linked to customer segment and implementation factors in terms of external factors. The study further contributes with knowledge and understanding of the opportunities and challenges that exist in the specific industry segment fast fashion and considers as a basis for companies to get inspiration about circular working methods. The thesis is written in Swedish.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the integration between Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Computer-Aided Design (CAD). The project has been carried out as a degree project at Karlstad University in the spring of 2023 on behalf of the company TECHNIA. The project was a master's thesis of 22.5 higher education credits for the higher education engineering program in Innovation Technology and Design. The project has been structured to achieve the purpose and goals of the assignment. The work consisted of investigating the capacity and user-friendliness of an integrated LCA and CAD system by using literature as support and investigating and analysing the system and performing case studies. To achieve the purpose and goal, Dassault Systèmes 3DEXPERIENCE has been used as support. The issue of sustainability today has great weight, and companies increasingly choose sustainable solutions, which is partly due to pressure from external stakeholders. This project highlights the most important trends in sustainability. It is an attractive factor on the market which is relevant for all types of industries. Surveys have also been carried out to map facts about the LCA and CAD integration. Through theoretical investigations, a comprehensive understanding of the integration between LCA and CAD as well as its importance for sustainable development has been highlighted. The case studies carried out were conducted as interviews at two companies, EDAG and Mölnlycke Health Care, where the interviews were crucial in creating an approach to the use of an integrated system. Use of the integrated system then contributed to a deeper understanding of the functions. By combining the methods used, the project was able to meet its goals. The methods generated results describing advantages, disadvantages, practices, tools, and approaches when using integrated LCA and CAD. The conclusion is that an integration between LCA and CAD has many advantages compared to a traditional LCA tool. An integrated system is more efficient and easier to use. / Uppsatsens ändamål var att undersöka integrationen mellan livscykelanalys (LCA) och datorstödd design (CAD). Projektet har genomförts som ett examensarbete vid Karlstads Universitet under våren 2023 på uppdrag av företaget TECHNIA. Projektet som genomfördes var en kandidatuppsats om 22,5 högskolepoäng för programmet högskoleingenjörsprogrammet i Innovationsteknik och Design. Projektet har varit uppbyggt för att uppnå syftet samt målen för uppdraget. Kortfattat gick arbetet ut på att undersöka kapaciteten och användarvänligheten med ett integrerat LCA och CAD system genom att använda litteratur som stöd, undersöka och analysera systemet samt att utföra fallstudier. För att uppnå syftet och målet har Dassault Systèmes 3DEXPERIENCE användes som stöd. Hållbarhetsfrågan i dagens samhälle har stor vikt och företag väljer alltmer hållbara lösningar, som delvis beror på press från externa intressenter. Projektet belyser de viktigaste trenderna inom hållbarhet och att det är en attraktiv faktor på marknaden som är relevant för alla typer av industrier. Undersökningar har också genomförts för att kartlägga fakta om LCA och CAD integrationen. Genom teoretiska undersökningar har omfattande förståelse av integrationen mellan LCA och CAD samt dess betydelse för hållbar utveckling belysts i examensarbetet. Fallstudierna som utfördes gjordes som intervjuer på två företag, EDAG och Mölnlycke Health Care, där intervjuerna var avgörande för att skapa ett tillvägagångssätt för användning av systemet. Användning av det integrerade systemet bidrog sedan till en djupare förståelse för funktionerna. Genom att kombinera de använda metoderna kunde projektet uppfylla sina mål. Metoderna genererade resultat som beskriver fördelar, nackdelar, praxis, verktyg samt tillvägagångssätt vid användning av integrerad LCA och CAD. Slutsatsen är att ett integration mellan LCA och CAD har många fördelar i jämförelse med ett traditionellt LCA-verktyg. Ett integrerat system är mer effektivt och enklare att använda.