This study explores the management of equity in medical schools in South Africa using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Notions and models of equity are discussed and student and staff profiles in medical schools are contrasted with national and international profiles. in-depth unstructured interviews are conducted with select senior and executive management members at national, institutional and faculty of medicine levels to identify the challenges and best practices associatd with promoting equity in medical schools in five broad areas, namely, staff, students, curriculum, research, and policies and practices. The study shows significant contextual differences between medical schools and their universities resulting in divergent trends in the student and staff profiles. Historically Black medical schools continue to provide access to aproximately 68% of African MBChB students. Postgraduate students remain predominantly White men and although more female than male students are enrolled for MBChB, the few females entering postgraduate training are segregated in particular areas of specialisation. Redressing the historically determined prevailing inequities in medical schools, in terms of race, gender and class, is inextricably linked to different management ideologies, management policies and practices, economic factors and discipline specific power dynamics. To manage equity inmmedical schools more efficiently, it is recommended that a single, separate budget be allocated to medical schools for staff appointments and student training. The management of academic health complexes should be under the jurisdiction of a national, joint Department of Education/Department of Health structure. Such a structure should, at a national level clarify, co-ordinate and monitor equity in medical schools and ensure that policies and practices in medical faculties are aligned to national strategic transformation frameworks and equity goals of higher education and health. Monitoring could include analyses of student applications, admissions, failure, drop-out and graduation rates of students. The establishment of a comprehensive database of South African medical doctors by race, gender, area of specialisation and location of practice is needed to track trends and shifts. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Educational Management)

In this thesis I have endeavoured to throw light on both the private and public aspect of the lives of women living in the Roman African provinces from the first century BC to the seventh century AD. Funerary inscriptions reveal that the role of women in private life was projected in a manner which reflected the ideals for Roman womanhood (pudicitia, castilas,fides and fecunditas), even when they clearly came of Afro~Punic stock. In terms of the quality of their lives Roman African women of the propertied status groups (about whom we know the most) had a good standard of living compared to other parts of the Roman Empire, and for example were well~educated in the urbanized areas compared to provinces such as Gaul. Roman African women of the elite also enjoyed a degree of autonomy enhanced by the increased financial independence granted to them in terms of Roman law, which enabled them to function as benefactors in their communities in the same way as their male counterparts, donating money for temples, baths and markets. In return for this they were duly recognized in honorary inscriptions by their communities. Although this public role may appear to be in conflict with the 'ideal' domestic or private role of the Roman matron, this activity was sanctioned by the fact that they were acting in the interests of male family members who were engaged in municipal careers. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries there are a few signs that women were beginning to act more in their own interests, but much of their public role faded with the increasing dominance of the Christian Church which prescribed a more limited role for women. The only exceptions occurred in the times of persecution through the temporary prominence gained by women as martyrs and confessors, although this prominence cannot be said to have advantaged women in general. During the Vandal and Byzantine period we know of only a few women, primarily those with connections to the elite at Rome and Constantinople, who acted with the independence and authority of their class. / History / D.Litt. et Phil. (Ancient History)

Text in Afrikaans / Summary in Afrikaans and English / Die Nasionale Biblioteek van Suid-Afrika ervaar 'n behoefte aan 'n metode van menslikehulpbronontwikkeling waarvolgens die vaardighede van werknemers ontwikkel kan word sodat die organisasie kan aanpas by plaaslike en globale veranderinge. Gestruktureerde mentorskap is vervolgens geidentifiseer as 'n geskikte metode om in die bestaande behoefte te voorsien, aangesien mentorskap se loopbaan- en psigo-sosiale funksies die ontwikkeling van die professionele en persoonlike vaardighede van die werknemer moontlik maak. Daarby is mentorskap nie net voordelig vir die betrokkenes nie, maar dit hou ook besliste voordele in vir die organisasie en die sektor waarbinne die organisasie werksaam is. Die suksesvolle toepassing van gestruktureerde mentorskap is egter daaraan onderhewig dat die kontekstuele omgewing waarbinne dit toegepas gaan word, geskik moet wees, en werknemers moet bereid wees om betrokke te raak by so 'n program. 'n Konseptuele raamwerk vir die bestudering van mentorskap soos opgestel deur David Marshall Hunt en Carol Michael is derhalwe aangepas om die verskynsel "mentorskap" deur middel van 'n verkennende literatuuroorsig te bestudeer. Die bevindinge van die literatuuroorsig word ondersteun deur 'n empiriese ondersoek van die geskiktheid van die Nasionale Biblioteek van Suid-Afrika as kontekstuele omgewing vir die toepassing van mentorskap en die bereidwilligheid van die werknemers van hierdie biblioteekorganisasie om betrokke te raak by die mentorskapproses. Die data wat ingesamel is, word ontleed en die gevolgtrekkings wat gemaak word oor bogenoemde twee vereistes vir die suksesvolle toepassing van mentorskap word uiteengesit. Die studie word afgesluit deur aanbevelings wat gemaak word oor aspekte van die toepassing van mentorskap wat verdere navorsing regverdig, maar wat nie binne die bestek van hierdie studie na behore aangespreek kon word nie. / Structured mentoring was identified as a method to develop the professional and personal skills of the employees of the National Library of South Africa in order to adjust to local and global changes. A conceptual framework for the study of mentoring, as developed by Hunt and Michael, was therefore critically adapted in order to investigate fully the phenomenon of "mentoring" by means of an exploratory literature review. The findings of the literature review are supported by an empirical survey to test the suitability of the National Library of South Africa as contextual environment for the application of mentoring, as well as the willingness of its employees to participate in mentoring. This culminated in an analysis and interpretation of the findings and formulation of conclusions regarding the two abovementioned requirements for the successful application of mentoring. The study ends with recommendations for further investigation into aspects of mentoring which could not be covered in this study. / Information Science / M. Inf.

No description available.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka synen på författarroll, skrivande och genus i Virginia Woolfs ”Professions for Women” och Karolina Ramqvists Det är natten. Författaren och den som skriver utifrån följande frågeställningar: Vilka hinder för författarskap gestaltas? Vilka er­farenhet­er av kvinnligt författarskap förmedlas? Vilka likheter och skillnader finns i Woolfs och Ramqvists perspektiv? Teorin hämtas från genusvetenskapliga perspektiv, hos främst Simone de Beauvoir och Yvonne Hirdman, samt litteratursociologiska perspektiv från Johan Svedjedal. Undersökningen utförs genom komparativ metod samt närläsning och knyter an till bland andra Anne E. Fernalds och Sue Roes forskning om Woolfs ”Professions for Women”, samt bidrar till ny forskning om Karolina Ramqvists författarskap som är relativt outforskat inom litteraturvetenskap. Virginia Woolf anser att författaryrket utgör ett friare alternativ för kvinnor än andra yrken, och ser sin väg till detta arbete som enkel. Hon uttrycker också att hennes val att skriva inte inneburit några problem för omgivningen och att hon inte hindrats av ekonomiska omständighet­er. Ramqvist berättar att hon inte trodde att hon det var möjligt för henne att bli författare i egenskap av kvinna och att skrivandet utgör ett problem för hennes relationer. Hade hon haft högre ekonomisk status menar Ramqvist att hon inte nödvändigtvis hade arbetat som författare. Hon kommenterar Woolfs ”Professions for Women” och menar att Virginia Woolf kunde bli författare just för att hon hade ekonomiskt kapital. Woolf lyfter inre omständigheter och genusrelaterade attityder som centrala problem­ för kvinnliga författare medan Ramqvist redogör för yttre omständigheter, som främst är samman- kopplade med omgivningens och offentlighetens förväntningar och krav. Woolf kan sägas göra större anspråk på att hennes erfarenheter ska anses vara en kollektiv erfaren­het hos kvinnliga författare, medan Ramqvist främst diskuterar utifrån ett eget perspektiv. Ramqvist uttrycker exempelvis också en distans mellan sin egen uppfattning om moderskapets påverkan på för­fattarskap jämfört med sina kvinnliga författarkollegor. Woolf diskuterar inte moderskap i sin text men tar sin utgångspunkt i ”ängeln i huset”, som ska förstås som ett ideal och en attityd där kvinnan är insmickrande och uppoffrande mot sin om­givning, samt framstående inom hem och familjeliv. Ramqvist kommenterar Woolfs begrepp och anser det vara Woolfs egen upp­fattning om kvinnoideal. Hon diskuterar inte sina egna omständigheter utifrån ”ängeln i huset”, men det är möjligt att tolka exempelvis hennes yttrande om att göra sig otillgänglig för mäns behov som en del av vad Woolf kallar att döda ängeln i huset: enligt Woolf alla kvinnliga författares uppgift.

The Thesis s theme is part of the artificers barbers history that act in the Center District, in Aracaju. The analysis, which covers the period between the 1940 s and the present days, aims to show how is the transition from male order and crafts (represented by barbers) to unisex order and the professions (represented by hairdressers). Through the field observation and the interviews recorded in Oral History, considerations are made about the meaning of the discourse of crisis in the work and the idealization of the past by the barbers, related by him to the theme of the city s modernization. The crisis of the barbers is motivated by the Masculine Symbolic Domination crisis, as it is called by Pierre Bourdieu (1999), and the current situation of the world of work characterized by job insecurity and labor relations and unemployment (CASTEL, 1998; AUED, 1999; SENNETT, 2009). / Esta Dissertação tem como tema parte da história dos artífices barbeiros que atuam no Bairro Centro, em Aracaju. A análise, que compreende o período entre a década de 1940 e os dias atuais, visa mostrar como se dá a passagem da ordem masculina e dos ofícios (representada pelos barbeiros) para a ordem unissex e das profissões (representada pelos cabeleireiros). Através da observação de campo e das entrevistas gravadas em História Oral são feitas considerações sobre o que significa o discurso de crise no âmbito do trabalho e a idealização do passado por parte dos barbeiros, relacionadas por eles ao tema da modernização da cidade. A crise dos barbeiros é motivada pela crise da Dominação Simbólica Masculina, como é chamada por Pierre Bourdieu (1999), e pela situação atual do mundo do trabalho caracterizada pela precariedade do emprego e das relações trabalhistas e pelo desemprego (CASTEL, 1998; AUED, 1999; SENNETT; 2009).

Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes Batalha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lacerda_DavidP._M.pdf: 10202366 bytes, checksum: ea46ff9a579cf6bc885cd6d8a09f17f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este estudo aborda a experiência mutualista na cidade Rio de Janeiro ao longo do Segundo Reinado. Analisa, em particular, a atuação de um conjunto de sociedades organizadas por artesãos e operários de diferentes ofícios manuais num período em que o Conselho de Estado, órgão consultivo do governo monárquico, cuidou de garantir as prerrogativas das normas para o funcionamento de associações civis e mercantis criadas no império. Esse processo desencadeou um amplo movimento protagonizado por vários grupos sociais interessados em obter o reconhecimento político e legal de suas entidades, estabelecendo, por conseguinte, profundos nexos entre as formas de dominação e as práticas associativas. A dissertação demonstra a partir do exame dos socorros oferecidos e dos modos de recortar o universo social e financeiro, que as mutuais de ofício desempenharam um papel significativo naquele quadro de relações, evidenciando atitudes, expectativas e valores pertencentes ao universo do trabalho e da proteção social / Abstract: This study deals with the mutualist movement experience in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the Second Reign. It analyses, in particular, the acting of a group of societies organized by craftsmen and workers from different kinds of manual occupations during a time when the State Council, a consultative body of the monarchic government, took care to ensure the prerogatives of rules for the action of the civil and mercantile associations created in the imperial period. This process initiated a vast movement performed by many social groups interested in achieving the legal and political recognition of its entities, establishing deep connections between forms of domination and associative practices. The dissertation shows from the examination of the offered assistances and the ways of highlighting the social and financial environment, that the mutual occupational organizations performed a significant role in that framework of relations, pointing attitudes, expectations and values which belong to the universe of work and social protection / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestre em História

Standardisation of professional work is a major policy concern to ensure quality and efficiency of services and a number of hospitals are now focusing on the use of clinical pathways as an important tool to standardise their work. This study sheds light on the processes set in motion when notions of standardisation meet local practice. In order to gain insight into what clinical pathways mean for professional work in mental health care, the focus of the study was to explore the contexts in which standardisation by “rule production” takes place. Two empirical cases from Norwegian mental health care show how dedicated professionals are in charge of carrying out the standardisation work, strongly influenced by a steering framework of defined governmental policies where employee involvement and responsibility ensured loyalty to the idea.  Along with a “package” of ideas, new bodies and techniques, clinical pathways contribute to the institutionalisation of prima facie knowledge in demonstrating that evidence basing is linked to steering and control of employees. Thus, professional autonomy is threatened in an insidious way: through the institutionalisation of evidence-based knowledge as ‘prima facie’ knowledge in combination with professionals who standardise and control their own work. The thesis therefore concludes that the control of professional work has now become a complex and sophisticated process where professional work is “controlled by knowledge”.

Mellanchefer inom socialtjänstens sektion för barn och unga arbetar i en motstridig organisation. Mellancheferna blir länken som fogar samman politiskt fattade beslut med förvaltningens krav och förväntningar, personalgruppens behov och klienternas rätt till hjälp och stöd. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur mellanchefernas ledarskap skapas utifrån de förutsättningar som ges och den komplexitet som rollen innebär. Sex kvalitativa intervjuer med mellanchefer inom sektionen för barn och unga i fem mellanstora kommuner har genomförts. Genom att undersöka hur mellancheferna navigerar mellan domänerna politik, förvaltning och profession och med hjälp av begreppet parallellprocesser kan mekanismer som utgör viktiga faktorer för ledarskapandet synliggöras. Tydligt är att socionomernas starka professionsidentitet präglar ledarskapet i alla led och att prioriteringar och val många gånger motiveras mot bakgrund av den starka professionstillhörigheten. Resultatet visar också att mellancheferna i studien främst ser sig som socionomer och identifierar sig mer med sin profession än med sin funktion som chef. Professionsidentifikationen utgör många gånger en legitimerande grund för hur ledarskapet bedrivs i sin operativa form. / Middle-managers leaders in the social services´ department for children and young people work in a conflicting organisation. These middle-managers become the link which joins together political decisions with requirements and expectations from the management, the needs of personnel and the clients´ right to aid and support. The aim of this study has been to investigate how middle-management leadership is created within given conditions and the complexity that their role entails. Six qualitative interviews with middle- managers in the department for children and young people in five intermediate municipalities have been realized. By investigating how these middle-managers navigate between the political, management and professional domains and, with the aid of the concept of parallel processes, mechanisms, which can constitute important factors for leadership, have been made visible. It is clear that the professions identity of social workers influence their leadership at all levels and that priorities and choices are often motivated because of this strong professions identity. The result also shows that the middle-managers in this study regard themselves as social workers and identify themselves more with their profession than with their function as managers. Professions identification often constitutes a legitimizing basis for how leadership is conducted in its operative form.

This master thesis illustrates the universality of Schwartz's value theory approach: culture of any group of people may be subject to the research and its value profile has a universal format. Both Czech and Finnish national value profiles and the value profiles of the helping professions in these two countries were calculated, based on data from The European Social Survey in 2012. On national levels, these profiles are representative. On the levels of helping professions, however, the profiles only serve as a model example-no representative data were available. In comparison with their national value profile, Czech model representatives of the helping professions attach more importance to all basic values in Schwartz's theory. In Finland, this is not the case for power, achievement, self-direction and security. This master thesis proposes several recommendations for potential surveys dealing with the impact of national culture on organization culture in health and social facilities. Especially, it highlights the necessity for quality value profiles of the structured helping professions. The reason for doing so is the outlined possibility (and maybe also necessity) to take different positions of individual professions into consideration. It also suggests to search for mathematical relations between...