A presente tese doutoral é uma análise do federalismo fundiário brasileiro tendo como base o domínio fundiário da União no território do estado de Roraima e como a Casa Legislativa estadual atua para a definição e garantia do direito de posse e uso das terras no período compreendido entre 1991 e 2014. Para realizar essa pesquisa, abordou-se sobre a formação do Estado brasileiro, a luz do conceito de federalismo, e como as constituições federais influenciaram na formação dos estados membros, em particular, o estado de Roraima. Em seguida, realiza-se considerações teóricas sobre o direito de propriedade e suas características focando-se na influência do poder estatal na regularização fundiária. Outro ponto abordado na pesquisa refere-se ao processo histórico de formação do território do estado de Roraima e a permanente participação controladora da União nesse processo. E por fim, a atuação da Assembleia Legislativa de Roraima na definição dos direitos de propriedade das terras rurais a partir da sua criação, em 1991, até 2014. Essa pesquisa ajuda a confirmar a hipótese formulada para essa investigação, a saber: o federalismo brasileiro falha ao tratar o direito de propriedade quando sobrepõe políticas fundiárias nos níveis federal e estaduais, principalmente no caso de novos entes amazônicos. Assim, a pesquisa evidenciou que a emancipação política fundiária de Roraima é limitada porque a União mantém significativas parcelas territoriais sob sua jurisdição, ocasionando embates de ordem jurídica e política, reduzindo o papel do legislador estadual quanto ao poder sobre a distribuição de propriedade e ordenamento territorial. / This doctoral thesis is an analysis of the Brazilian land federalism based on the Union's land domain in the territory of the state of Roraima, and the way the state Legislature acts to define and guarantee the right to possession and use of the lands over the period between 1991 and 2014. In order to carry out this research, the formation of the Brazilian state was addressed at the light of the new concept of federalism, and how the federal constitutions influenced in the formation of the member states, particularly the state of Roraima. Then theoretical considerations are made about the property right and its characteristics, focusing on the influence of the state power in land regularization. Another point addressed in the research refers to the historical process of formation of the territory of the state of Roraima and the Union's permanent controlling participation in this process. Finally, the performance of Roraima's Legislature in defining the property right of rural lands since its creation, in 1991, to 2014. The research helps confirm the hypothesis formulated for this research, namely: the Brazilian federalism fails while dealing with the property right when it overlaps land policies in the federal and state levels, especially in the case of new Amazonian entities. Thus, the research has evidenced that Roraima's political land emancipation is limited because the Union keeps significant territorial parcels under its jurisdiction, causing legal and political conflicts, reducing the state legislator's role regarding power over property distribution and land use planning.

L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à analyser de quelle manière l’usage du Cloud Computing (CC), présenté comme une nouvelle forme de droit de propriété intellectuelle (DPI), peut modifier l’intensité et l’usage des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) au sein des entreprises. Parmi les résultats novateurs de cette thèse sont les suivants nous en citons trois : Premièrement, dès lors que les firmes cherchent à innover, l’adoption du CC dépend de la capacité d’absorption technologique. La capacité d’absorption technologique, telle que nous l’avons redéfinie, construite par l’accumulation de connaissances et de procédés en matière de gestion des innovations et des technologies permet une intégration plus facile des nouvelles technologies dans les schémas de fonctionnement de l’entreprise. Deuxièmement, les compétences numériques sont fondamentales dans la décision d’adoption afin d’insérer le CC dans la continuité des anciennes TIC, de gérer la perception de la complexité de la technologie et des risque associés. Enfin, la diffusion du CC dépend en grande partie de la perception des consommateurs de cette nouvelle technologie. Plus les consommateurs font confiance à la sécurité du CC et plus la concurrence entre les entreprises permet de relâcher la concurrence en prix. Les perceptions des consommateurs concernant la sécurité du CC impactent la concurrence en prix et en qualité des firmes et déterminent ainsi le degré de diffusion. Ces perceptions des consommateurs à propos du CC jouent un rôle important dans la pénétration du Cloud. / The objective of this thesis is to analyze in what way the use of cloud computing (CC) presented as a new form of intellectual property right (IPR), can modify the intensity and use of information and communication technology (ICT) within companies. Among the innovative results of this thesis, three ‘aspects’ will be mentioned as follows: In the first place and since the firms are looking for innovation, the adoption of cloud computing depends on the technological absorptive capacity as we have redefined it, built on the accumulation of knowledge and processes related to the management of innovations and technologies allows an easier integration of the new technologies in the plan of the company’ functioning. Secondly, the digital skills are fundamental in the decision of adoption in order to insert the cloud computing in the continuity of former technologies, to manage the perception of the complexity of this technology and the associated risks. Finally, the distribution of the cloud computing depends largely on the consumers perception of this new technology. The more the consumers trust the security of the cloud computing, the more the competition among the companies allows to the competition in prices. The perceptions of the consumers about the security of the cloud computing have an impact on the competition for both price and quality among the firms (service providers) and determine the level of the distribution. These perceptions play an important role.

Äganderätten är en grundläggande rättighet som skyddar individer från otillåtna ianspråktaganden av personens egendom. Vid vissa tillfällen finns det dock behov för exempelvis staten att begränsa enskilda personers äganderätt men huvudprincipen enligt svensk lag är då att ersättning sak utgå. Ett område där detta är aktuellt är i skogsfastigheter där fastighetsägarna förvaltar skogen för att sedan kunna avverka den men där det samtidigt finns ett behov från statens sida att skydda naturvärden. Syftet med denna uppsatts är att undersöka hur äganderätts- och ersättningsfrågor i skogsbruket fungerar i praktiken samt om det finns problem i lagstiftningens utformning och tillämpning. Detta utifrån både ett juridiskt perspektiv men även utifrån privata och statliga företrädares synvinkel. För att uppnå detta har en kvalitativ studie utförts som inkluderat en litteratur- och lagtextstudie, rättsfallstudie samt intervjuer. Det är ett omfattande regelverk som styr dessa frågor och de viktigaste av dessa lagar har studerats samt kompletterats med doktrin för att få en djupare förståelse för bestämmelserna. Två rättsfall som är vägledande för framtida hantering av juridiska skogsbruksfrågor har analyserats för att få en förståelse för hur regelverket praktiseras. Vidare har intervjuerna gett förståelse för olika aktörers syn på rättsområdet. Resultatet visar att det delvis finns en samsyn bland aktörerna gällande behovet av en lagutredning men att de i övrigt till stor del hade ganska olika syn på problematiken där de privata företrädarna var klart mer kritiska. Juridiskt sett så finns det delar av regelverket som i huvudsak är välutformad och fungerar i praktiken men några delar är dock otydliga och där tillämpningen är problematiskt. Detta berör särskilt artskydd samt ersättning vid informella skydd. Slutsatsen är att det behöver förtydligas hur delar av lagarna ska tillämpas, antingen genom utökad praxis eller direktiv från regeringen och lagändringar. Artskyddsförordningen speciellt behöver även genomgå en utredning för hur lagen kan utformas så att ersättningsfrågan kan lösas. / Property right is a fundamental right that protects individuals from illegal requisition of his or her property. At sometimes, however, the state, for example, need to limit the property right and the main principle by Swedish law is that this should be economically compensated. One area where this is of importance is forest properties where the owner wants to fell in order to make a profit but the where the state wants to protect lands with high ecological values. The purpose of this paper is to examine how forest property right and compensation works in practice and if there are any problems with how the law is formulated and practiced. This will be studied both based on the juridical aspect as well as from the point of view of represents from relevant authorities and privet actors. This has been made by carrying out a qualitative study. The extensive regulations regarding the area have been studied and complimented with doctrine. Two legal cases which are guiding for future practice has been analyzed and interviews with representatives from authorities and private actors has been carried out. It has shown that there exists a mutual opinion regarding the need for an investigation of some of the aspects of the law, but the actors have other than that very different views regarding the potential problems. The private representatives are generally more critical to the practice and some parts of the law. Juridically, there are parts of the regulations that are manly well formulated and practiced, where as other parts are more problematic. This specially concerns the protection of species and compensations for non-formal protections. Drawn conclusions are that there is a need to clarify how some parts of the law should be used. This could be done either via extended practice or through government directives and modifications of the law. Furthermore, especially the regulation for the protection of species is in need for a analyze that resolves how compensations should be handled concerning the regulation.

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People interact with each other rationally and irrationally. Standard economic theories assume that people act rationally, yet, behavioral economic theories indicate that sometimes people act irrationally because of the specific situation, their character, and many other factors. Culture plays a role in shaping people’s preferences, values, personalities, norms, and beliefs. That being the case, it is important to shed some light on the effect of different types of cultures on people’s decision-making behavior, in order to better understand human nature with regard to economic decisions. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to define how people from various cultures behave differently while making economic decisions, and to provide a better understanding for the motives behind people’s preferences towards decision-making. The first and second chapters of this thesis consider studies in experimental economics about the effect of introducing effort to the ultimatum game. The first chapter provides evidence that people’s decisions are driven by either hierarchy or property rights by comparing the results of three different cultures. The second chapter shows the impact of proposers’ effort in the ultimatum game, in which, culturally driven phenomenon impact on the proposers’ behavior. The third chapter investigates the impact of the Islam religion on experimental studies with regard to decision making and it shows that religious beliefs play an important role in shaping people’s preferences.

智慧財產權為政府鼓勵知識創新者公開其研究成果所給予的獨佔權利。這些公開的資訊便稱之為「智慧財產權資訊」，內含了人類超過90%的智慧結晶。是以企業妥善運用這些資訊可以節省許多研發的時間及金錢，並加快取得智慧財產權的速度。 　　智慧財產權資訊服務的提供可視為一種加值的過程，從數量龐大的原始資料檢索、分析，甚至提供軟體工具的協助，都是內涵相當專業。本研究將其稱之「智慧財產權資訊服務業」。 　　本研究為一初探性研究，企圖藉由廣泛的文獻收集與深度訪談，勾勒本產業在台灣的發展現況、上下游價值鍊、與其他技術商品化服務業的關係、以及未來發展的策略。為有效的觀察六個訪談個案，本研究參照了相關文獻，訂定產品組合與目標市場、價值活動與核心能力、組織與人事管理、專業行銷與客戶管理、策略聯盟與併購五個項目作為觀察指標。 　　本研究之研究個案包括：亞太智慧財產權發展基金會、亞太智財科技服務股份有限公司、連穎科技股份有限公司、元勤科技股份有限公司、識權科技股份有限公司、台灣智財股份有限公司。 　　本研究發現：目前台灣本產業廠商均為近幾年成立的新創企業，屬於知識密集型產業。產業的最上游為各國智慧財產權主管機關的資料庫，本產業部分廠商將其加值提升其方便性、對於重要資料加以翻譯或分析、或是協助廠商監視新增專利。在資料庫獲得加值後，部分廠商提供檢索服務，並以此為基礎提供研究發展、侵權訴訟、技術移轉之用。 　　本研究對於本產業發展的建議為：透過顯示其專業的方式教育使用者，並與相關技術商品化服務業合作以擴大其營業規模。同時本研究也建議政府提升本國智財權資料庫的水準、並協助民間業者使用其他國家之智財權資料庫。 / Intellectual Property Right (IPR) is a monopoly right for a period of time that governments encourage innovators to disclose their innovation. The published information is called “Intellectual Property Right Information” which included over 90% humans’ intellectual innovation, and companies may use the information to save money and time in R&D. 　　The usage of IPR Information can be seen as a value-added process, and it requires professional service providers to search and analyze useful information from IPR database and to design useful tools for their clinets. 　　The aim of this exploratory research is to study the professional service sector in Taiwan by wide data-collecting and interviews. For observing the current status, the value chain, the cooperation with other service providers, and the developing strategy, this research uses product mixes and targeted markets, value-added activities and required knowledge, organization and human resource management, professional marketing, strategic alliance and merger and acquisition as five indexes. 　　The cases in this research include Asia Pacific Intellectual Property Association, Asia-Pacific Technology and Intellectual Property Services, Inc., LearningTech Inc., IP Tech Inc., Su Cheng (Knowing Power) Inc., and IP Era Inc. 　　This research finds out that all the cases are srtart-up, and knowledge-intensive. The most upstream is the databases built by governments and this sector dilutes, monitors and translates these databases, or enhances the convenience. Some companies in this sector provide IPR search and analysis services, and the results may be useful for R&D, IPR lawsuit, or technology transfer. 　　This research suggests that this sector should enlarge the market by educating their customers with professional services and cooperating with other technology commercializing service companies. In the mean time, Taiwanese government may consider to enhance its IPR database and to assist local companies to utilize other IPR databases around the world.

在臺灣經濟發展的過程中，中小企業的蓬勃發展，對臺灣經濟的成長有著實的貢獻。但是，中小企業的規模和資源有限，如何在維繫企業生存之後，妥善協調和分配現有資源和組織內外未充分利用的寬裕資源，追求企業成長發展，將是企業經營者必須面臨的重大挑戰課題。 本研究採用質化研究方法，經由實證型（Positivist）的個案分析，深入地探討「組織寬裕資源的組合」與「事業成長發展的績效」之間複雜的關係。研究對象是以「多店組織企業」（Multiunit Enterprise）為研究標的，從企業集團和新餐飲品牌事業部的研究視角，將每開展一家新分店視為一個新事業的成長擴張，觀察其新分店的「組織寬裕資源的組合」過程。 本研究挑選具有代表性的成長企業，臺灣本土餐飲業龍頭「王品餐飲集團」進行分析，觀察其「財產權設計」對「組織寬裕資源組合」的影響，並且對照另一個臺灣餐飲公司「展圓國際」作為比較，驗證理論架構和進一步歸納推論提出研究假說。 本研究發現，「組織寬裕資源」無法客觀衡量，必須透過組織資源「潛在效能」的再利用，才能顯示出「寬裕」資源的概念和使用價值。在新事業的資源組合過程中，「組織寬裕資源」經由「財產權設計」，提供資源擁有者適當的報酬誘因，將資源由「支出的費用」轉變為「投入的資本」，可以改變不同資源類型的「資源屬性」和「交易屬性」，有效率地組合組織內外未充分利用的寬裕資源，降低事業成長擴張所需資源的取得和建構成本。然而，新事業的資源組合方式千變萬化，若「財產權的設計」可以同時考量「資源財產權的劃分」和「組織財產權的界定」，使得構成組織統治權的正當性來源之三種資源（實體和金融資源、人力資源和知識資源）愈容易「相結合」於組織成員，達成共同統治組織資源的形式，將有利於驅動事業的成長發展。 本研究的理論貢獻在於整合「資源基礎理論」和「交易成本理論」的觀點，提出「財產權理論」的整合性架構，並且連結「資源財產權的劃分」和「組織財產權的界定」，這兩個財產權分析層次的研究缺口，說明「財產權設計」對「組織寬裕資源組合」和「事業成長發展」的影響。本研究的實務貢獻在於，提出「財產權設計」的原則，可以應用到企業的資源締約和組織治理結構的安排。

Įgyjamoji senatis yra vienas iš nuosavybės teisės įgijimo pagrindų. Šio instituto, reglamentuoto Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje, ištakos siekia senovės Romą. Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas įgyjamosios senaties institutas, įvardijama teisinė jo taikymo problematika. Įgyjamosios senaties institutas atskleidžiamas analizuojant jo kilmę, raidą teisinėje sistemoje, ir įvardijant teisinį reikšmingumą. Nuosavybės teisė įgyjamosios senaties pagrindu yra įgyjama tik įvykdžius visas įstatymo numatytas sąlygas, todėl šiame darbe skiriamas didelis dėmesys šių sąlygų viseto analizei. Išsamiai analizuojama kokie daiktai gali būti įgyjami nuosavybėn, atsižvelgiant į įstatymo leidėjo numatytus draudimus. Remiantis Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo praktika pateikiama plati daikto valdymo, kurio pagrindu įgyjama nuosavybė, sąlygų turinio analizė ir įvardijamos problemos šių sąlygų taikymo atveju. Akcentuojant įgyjamosios senaties tinkamą taikymą yra analizuojamas atvejis, kada asmuo neturėdamas statybos teisėtumą patvirtinančių dokumentų, siekia įgyti nuosavybės teisę į statinį šio instituto pagrindu. Darbe taip pat nagrinėjamas įgyjamosios senaties ir kitų nuosavybės teisės įgijimo pagrindų atribojimo klausimas, analizuojant probleminius aspektus susijusius su įgyjamosios senaties taikymu, tuo pagrindžiant šio instituto svarbą. / Acquisitive prescription is one of the bases of property rights acquisition. The beginnings of this institute, regulated in the legal system of Lithuania, date back to ancient Rome. This work analyses of acquisitive prescription institute, names legal topic of its application. The institute of acquisitive prescription is revealed through the analysis of its origin, development in legal system and naming of its legal significance. Property right on the basis of acquisitive prescription is gained only after the implementation of all conditions, provided in law, therefore much attention is paid to the analysis of these conditions totality. The work presents thorough analysis of what objects may be acquired as property, regarding the prohibitions contained in legislation. Sustaining the practice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, a wide analysis of conditions content of an object tenure, on the basis of which property is acquired, is given, and the problems in the case of application of these conditions are listed. Emphasizing proper application of acquisitive prescription, a circumstance is analyzed, when a person, without documents, validating construction legitimacy, seeks to acquire property right for a building on the basis of this institute. The work also analyzes dissociation issue of acquisitive prescription and other property right acquisition elements, analyzing problematic aspects related to the application of acquisitive prescription.

Thesis Purposeful Categorization of Land as an Interference with the Right to Property presents an analysis of the institute of purposeful categorization of land and its specifics on a background of a theoretical thought about the right to property, the right to favorable environment and the collision of two constitutionally guaranteed rights. The purpose of this thesis is to assess current legislation of purposeful categorization of land, including the instruments that are used in relation to it, and to, based on the assessment, identify problematic issues of the legislation and asses the limitation of right to property that the individual instruments related to the institute create. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-24T12:52:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Felipe Tegon Cerqueira Leite.pdf: 1258202 bytes, checksum: 5c0c5f262e6ce9954b0e97845e7f466d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T12:52:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Felipe Tegon Cerqueira Leite.pdf: 1258202 bytes, checksum: 5c0c5f262e6ce9954b0e97845e7f466d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-17 / The present study will analyze, under a human rights approach, the effectiveness of the right to housing and the role of the Public Prosecution Service. We will begin by presenting the Brazilian land tenure history and the characteristics of its urbanization, therefore we will be able to analyze the juridical framework of property, addressing the social function of ownership and possession. Next, we will turn to the analysis of the right to housing, which, in the case of social right, presents challenges regarding applicability, practical limitations, coexistence with other rights that need to be effective in the context of scarce resources and retraction state-owned. Then, we will present the content of the right to housing according to the formulation developed in the international scope and under the national legal order. Finally, we will make considerations about the Public Prosecution's means to implement the right to housing / O presente trabalho analisará, sob um enfoque de direitos humanos, a efetividade do direito à moradia e o papel do Ministério Público para tanto. Iniciaremos apresentando o histórico fundiário e as características da urbanização no Brasil, para, então, ingressarmos na conformação jurídica da propriedade, abordando a função social da propriedade e da posse. Posteriormente, passaremos à análise do direito à moradia, que, em se tratando de direito social, traz desafios quanto à aplicabilidade, limitações práticas, convivência com outros direitos que precisam ser efetivados diante de um contexto de escassez de recursos e de retração da atuação estatal. Após, apresentaremos o conteúdo do direito à moradia de acordo com a formulação desenvolvida no âmbito internacional e do que dispõe o ordenamento jurídico nacional. Finalmente, faremos considerações sobre a forma de atuação do Ministério Público para a efetividade do direito à moradia