This master's thesis deals with the analyse the poem in prose "Walled-in" by Brazilian black symbolist poet João da Cruz e Sousa. At the beginning it outlines the author's life and work. An insight into the starting points of Symbolism follows, accompanied by a detailed characterization of the essential features of its poetics as represented in the works by Cruz e Sousa. The analysis itself begins with the definition of the poem genre in prose and a brief outline of the content of the "Walled-in", which is a synthesis of the poet's artistic and life options resulting from being a black man. On this basis, I have determined the fundamental themes (Night, Art, Pain and Blackness), in which the poet's exclusion as an artist and as a negro. The initial intimate confession turns into a fiery speech that fights back narrow- minded artistic production of the period and the Negro discrimination.

The Burda (or `mantle´), an Arabic poem in praise of the prophet Muhammad (s. a.u.), was composed in Egypt by the 7th /13th century poet al-Busiri. Over the centuries the Burda of al-Busiri has become familiar in many parts of the Islamic world, including Swahili-land -where it is known as Burdai. Although it has already been translated into Swahili verse, this seems to be the first occasion that the Burdai has been translated into Swahili prose (into kiMvita, the speech of Swahili Mambasa). The translation which follows employs a new system of orthography which now appears in print for the very first time.

<p>A collection of poems navigating and negotiating the powerful mythological forces in the speaker’s life, from Irish revolutionary history to “canonical” literary figures to American comic books. These poems ask the reader to consider how language, narrative, and art shape the world, and so how we come to know ourselves through the texts—no matter their form or shape—we encounter.</p>

This diploma thesis is focused on a phenomenon of interpersonal communication, and on problematic communication in particular, which is present in case of nine Czech proses published between 2011 and 2021. The ultimate goal of the thesis is to examine the usage of such communication in contemporary Czech prose from a theme-motive perspective, and to analyse how it has been constructed in narrative ways. The arrangement of the case-studies is as follows: Nejlepší pro všechny by Petra Soukupová, Tiché roky by Alena Mornštajnová, Do vnitrozemí by Vladimíra Valová, Chirurg by Petra Dvořáková, Místa ve tmě by Lidmila Kábrtová, Nonstop Eufrat by Veronika Bendová, Český ráj by Jaroslav Rudiš, Hry bez hranic by Michal Kašpárek and Logoz by David Zábranský.

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Jack Kerouac's spontaneous prose method was inspired in part by his use of drugs while writing. While there is abundant biographical evidence that Kerouac used drugs frequently, little attention has been paid to their effects on the development of his style. This thesis attempts to demonstrate that the altered states of consciousness produced by Kerouac's drug use should be considered in conjunction with historical, cultural, and biographical forces in tracing the evolution of Kerouac's creative growth. As a member of the Beat Generation, Kerouac used drugs both as a social statement of rebellion and for artistic insight. In fact, he consciously entered into a well-established tradition of writers looking to drugs as modern-day muses. Within this legacy, drugs were commonly viewed as chemical gateways to a transcendental realm of visionary truth that the artists could enter and return with, thus becoming a literary seer. Kerouac, who believed that the ossification of standardized written English into rigid forms of grammar and sentence construction curtailed its potential for complete communication, sought a prose style that would allow for a maximum of authenticity and fidelity to organic thought with a minimum of revision. Kerouac used drugs like amphetamine, marijuana, and alcohol, each of which offered unique modes of perception, to enter into new frameworks of consciousness, and then recreated these altered states in writing. These three substances—amphetamine, marijuana, and alcohol—served as the basis in the development of Kerouac's style. Amphetamine, in the form of the over-the-counter drug Benzedrine, gave Kerouac the energy for his legendary typing marathons, allowing him to write On the Road in three weeks and The Subterraneans in three days. While writing On the Road in particular, Kerouac began formulating the stylistic approach that he subsequently dubbed "spontaneous prose." Its basic tenants, including a de-emphasis on revision, limited punctuation, and long sentences, were encouraged by Benzedrine's stimulant properties, which tended to focus Kerouac's attention on the exterior world of events, temporality, and movement. His amphetamine-induced texts attempt to communicate accurately by confessing the minutia of surface details. Kerouac's spontaneous style, however, soon evolved into the "sketching" technique seen in Visions of Cody and Dr. Sax, partially as a result of his marijuana-induced desire to share subjective perceptions truthfully. Rather than focusing on the exterior world, the marijuana texts look inward for authenticity. Marijuana helped Kerouac facilitate this inner orientation by its pharmacodynamic tendency to induce dream-like, associative states; when reproduced textually, these impressions seemed to resemble the unconscious structures of Kerouac's mind, which he shared hoping for complete communication via the universality of shared experience. Kerouac used both the amphetamine and marijuana modes to varying degrees and interchangeably for most of his career, and with the first section of Desolation Angels, written in sobriety, achieved their greatest synthesis, demonstrating that drugs were not the props to his style, but rather the impetus—even in the absence of drugs, Kerouac's prose retained its own essential, idiosyncratic features. Finally, in the latter part of Kerouac's career, alcohol proved that drugs could also negatively affect his style, as shown in Big Sur and Vanity of Duluoz. Their return to a plainer prose—some would say poorer prose—was no doubt the result of rampant alcohol abuse, and the unfortunate end to Kerouac's life and writing.

This dissertation examines how the chaotic social space of post-civil war England inspired new ideas of the ideal social structure and its ability to create social and political stability. Focusing on three non-fiction prose tracts, Margaret Cavendish’s Worlds Olio (1655), Thomas Traherne’s Christian Ethicks (1675), and Gerrard Winstanley’s Law of Freedom (1652), I use the concept of “space-making,” or “how texts aided readers in producing the space in which they understood humanity to be living” (Sauter 47), to engage three distinct perspectives on social cohesion. I situate my study within the larger context of the scientific revolution, and what Michael Sauter calls the “spatial reformation,” whereby humanist thinkers embraced Euclidean geometry to “make” space in a manner akin to God. I argue that, through their writing, Cavendish, Traherne, and Winstanley structure theoretical space to control, guide, or influence how social beings relate to one another and to the state. In doing so they make social space heterogeneous. The authors create theoretical spaces in which alternatives to England’s social structure are outlined. These alternatives reflect the subjectivity and interests of the space-maker, and while each author wishes to establish social cohesion in post-civil war England, the spaces they create reveal unique perspectives on social responsibility, free will, and self-preservation, leading readers to question the benefits and drawbacks of social cohesion. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation examines three works of non-fiction prose by Margaret Cavendish, Thomas Traherne, and Gerrard Winstanley, all of whom were seventeenth-century writers. I examine the ways that social structure in post-civil war England in fact rejects the geometric premise popular among canonical natural philosophers that all space (including the spaces we inhabit as human beings) was homogeneous. Instead, I argue that homogeneous space is oppressive in a social context, while also acknowledging that heterogeneous social spaces (spaces that are divided and have distinct "parts") also tended to limit the free will of social actors, particularly those in the lower classes. I examine themes related to free will, self-interest, and subjectivity, specifically with respect to how these themes can both create or detract from social cohesion.

No description available.

Le carnavalesque est une notion littéraire intéressante parce qu'elle permet, dans la saga des Malaussène et en particulier dans La petite marchande de prose, de donner un sens global à plusieurs manifestations autrement isolées. Le premier défi de ce mémoire a consisté à élargir le carnavalesque de Bakhtine pour pouvoir l'appliquer à un corpus contemporain. La pensée d'André Belleau, nuancée par Pierre Popovic et Philippe Muray, a permis l'élaboration d'un critère permettant d'affirmer qu'un texte contemporain est carnavalisé. Ce critère est simple : un texte carnavalisé sera empreint d'un imaginaire carnavalesque et permettra un renouvellement. Cet imaginaire désigne autant un foisonnement de la langue, un rire n'excluant personne, l'imagerie grotesque. De façon formelle, le roman carnavalisé se met souvent à distance de lui-même : les distanciations ironiques sont nombreuses, autant au niveau du fond (remise en question du monde, du littéraire, etc.) que de la forme (travestissements génériques).

Pascal Quignard est un écrivain qui a choisi de maintenir et de consolider le lien avec l’héritage latin. Son oeuvre en dévoile, cependant, la part la moins connue. L’auteur réhabilite la tradition marginalisée et antiphilosophique de la « rhétorique spéculative » dont les principes ne définissent pas seulement un art de bien dire, mais surtout un art de penser avec les « images » et avec la lettre du langage. Son investigation du champ culturel latin est aussi guidée par l’esprit de « pietas » et de « virtus » propre à la Rome ancienne, ainsi que par une sensibilité hantée par le mystère de l’origine. L’auteur français assume activement cet héritage antique dans sa pratique littéraire. Quignard se comporte, en effet, comme un rhéteur spéculatif moderne qui s’approprie le legs d’une tradition antique et rivalise avec les anciens, en définissant ses propres principes rhétoriques et esthétiques, en multipliant les pratiques intertextuelles à partir des oeuvres latines et en soumettant cet héritage à sa propre investigation d’écrivain qui pense avec les images et qui libère la signifiance du langage. Cette littérature se tourne vers le passé pour l’interroger, à la recherche de clés de lecture pour le présent. L’auteur développe une réflexion profonde sur l’existence humaine, sur le rapport à l’autre et au temps. Sa tentative d’approcher l’inconnu de la mort et de sonder le secret de l’origine perdue prend les dimensions d’une « expérience intérieure» ouvrant à une « résurrection » qu’il faut sans cesse intensifier en travaillant la fascination de la mort par la « vertu d’achèvement » et en transformant la nécessité en ouverture assumée sur l’inconnu.Sa poétique et son esthétique articulent l’imitation des anciens à la création « originale » et la déconstruction à la renaissance de la littérature en conjuguant notions traditionnelles et emprunts à des approches modernes comme la psychanalyse. L’originalité de l’auctor Pascal Quignard réside, en effet, dans la « virulence » de son appel à la renaissance de la vie et de l’art. / Pascal Quignard is a writer who has chosen to both preserv and solidify the bond with the latin heritage. His work, however, reveals its least known part. The author rehabilitates the marginalized and anti‐philosophical tradition of “speculative rhetoric”, the principals of which define not only an art of good articulation, but above all an art of thinking with the “images” and with the “litterae”. His investigation of the latin cultural field is also guided by ancient Rome’s spirit of “pietas” and “virtus”, as well as by a sensibility that is haunted by the mistery of the origin. The French writer actively assumes this heritage in his literary practice. Quignard actually behaves as a modern speculative rhetor who appropriates the legacy of an antique tradition and rivals the ancients by defining his own rhetorical and aesthetic principales, by multiplying intertextual practices and by subjecting this heritage to his own investigation, that of a man of letters who thinks within the images and releases the suggestiveness of langage. It is a question of a literature that addresses the past in a quest for clues that help. to read the present. The author generates a deep. reflexion on the human existence and on the relationship. with the other and with time. His attempt to approach the unknown that is death and to fathom the secret of lost origin takes the dimensions of an “internal experience” leading to a “resurrection” that has to be incessantly intensified by elaborating the fascination of death through the “virtue of achievement” and by transforming the necessity into a presumed opening to the unknown. His poetics and aesthetics link up. the imitation of the ancients to the “original” creation and the “deconstruction” to the revival of literature, conjugating traditional notions and modern approaches such as psychoanalysis. “Auctor” Pascal Quignard’s originality lies in the “virulence” of his appeal for the revival of life and art.