Clark (2008) analyzed the role of provocation on dating partners’ level of aggression and found they were more aggressive in jealousy-provoking situations. Using the couple-level dataset collected by Clark, we examine the relationship of gender and setting on provoked interpersonal violence, and compare the accuracy of several analytical approaches on interpreting dyadic data. Results indicate some findings from Clark are extremely robust. For instance, consistent with previous findings, the significant role of provocation on aggression in a dating context is further supported in the current study (Bettencourt & Miller, 1996; Jacquin et al., 2006). Clark suggested gender symmetry in levels of aggression. However, results show a significant effect of gender, in that females were more passive aggressive than males. One implication of this study is that when analyzing dyadic data, a multi-level modeling (MLM) approach best represents the relationship between the outcome and predictors when compared to other analytical approaches.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jacqueline do Prado Valles.pdf: 1037211 bytes, checksum: ac602f75c2edeb6a532203ca2b3344e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-22 / The homicide is one of the most horrific crimes that a man can commit, since that it is the elimination of a being of it s own kind, but particularly in this work, were addressed the driving factors of what is called passionate murder , that which is practiced by the criminal under extreme emotional influence, that can be, love, hate, anger or fear. Feelings that cannot be ignored during the verification process of the crime and the imposition of criminal liability. The forensic psychiatric explains that the emotions felt by the criminal at the moment of the crime can the considered so severe, to the pint of exclusion of the guilt of the agent, not allowing him the perception of the criminal act, It s not the case of the passionate murder provided under the article 121 § 1º last part of the Criminal Code, in this case, the criminal acts with the domain of violent emotion, after unjust provocation by the victim . Such emotional state is so engaging that prevails all the rational feeling of the agent, and under this circumstance so psychologically dominating, that it becomes essentially difficult to impose a predefined time lapse , between the victim attitude and the criminal reaction, at the crime moment / O crime de homicídio é um dos atos criminosos mais horrendos que o homem pode cometer, já que é a eliminação de um ser da sua própria espécie, mas particularmente neste trabalho, foram abordados os fatores impulsionadores do chamado homicídio Passional , aquele que é praticado pelo criminoso sob uma extrema influência emocional, seja, amor, ódio, raiva ou medo; sentimentos que não podem ser ignorados durante o processo de verificação do delito e na imposição da responsabilidade penal. A psiquiatria forense explica que as emoções sentidas pelo criminoso no momento do crime podem ser consideradas tão graves, ao ponto de excluir a culpabilidade do agente, não permitindo a ele a percepção do ato criminoso; não é o caso do homicida Passional previsto no artigo 121 § 1º última parte do Código penal; nesse caso, o criminoso age com o domínio da violenta emoção, após injusta provocação da vítima . Tal estado emocional é tão envolvente que prevalece a todo sentimento racional do agente; e diante desta circunstância tão dominadora psicologicamente, que se torna essencialmente difícil impor um lapso temporal pré definido, entre a atitude da vítima e a reação do criminoso, no momento do crime

<p>The present thesis investigated family history and neurobiology of social phobia. Social phobia is a disabling disorder characterized by a marked fear of scrutiny in a variety of social situations. By using a validated questionnaire, study I related family history of excessive social anxiety to social phobia and avoidant personality disorder in epidemiologically identified probands in the Swedish general population. A two- to threefold increased relative risk of social anxiety was observed for both diagnostic groups. Thus, having an affected family member is associated with approximately a doubled risk for both social phobia and avoidant personality disorder.</p><p>The neurobiological studies explored situational and anticipatory elicited anxiety by means of positron emission tomography and 15O-water. Study II examined the functional neuroanatomy of social anxiety provocation in social phobics and a healthy comparison group during a public speaking task. Social phobia symptomatology was associated with higher neural activity in the amygdaloid complex, i.e. "the alarm system" of the brain, and lower activity in the prefrontal cortex. Study III examined the neural correlates of anxiety elicited by the anticipation of public speaking in individuals with social phobia. Anticipatory anxiety was accompanied by enhanced regional cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior temporal cortices as well as in the amygdaloid-hippocampal region. Brain blood flow was lower in the temporal pole and in the cerebellum. These results suggest that social phobia has a neuroanatomical basis in a highly sensitive fear network centered in the amygdaloid-hippocampal region and encompassing the prefrontal cortex.</p>

<p>The present thesis explored the neurobiological basis of three aspects of defense behaviors in humans. Positron emission tomography methodology was used, and changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured as an index of neural activity. Firstly, brain function was studied in a group of patients suffering from combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder, using a symptom provocation paradigm with combat sounds in order to elicit fear. Exposure to auditory trauma reminders relative to neutral sounds was associated with increased rCBF in sensorimotor areas, the cerebellar vermis, the periaqueductal gray matter, and the right amygdala, whereas decreased activity was observed in the retrosplenial area of the posterior cingulate cortex. Secondly, the neural circuitry mediating the acoustic startle response and its habituation was studied in a group of healthy subjects. During acoustic startle stimulation as compared to a resting condition, increased rCBF was found in a medial posterior area of the pons corresponding to the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. As a result of startle repetition, altered activity was found in the cerebellum, pointing to its involvement in startle habituation. Thirdly, neural activity associated with startle modulation by phobic fear was studied in a group of subjects with specific animal phobias during exposure to pictures of their feared and non-feared objects, paired and unpaired with acoustic startle stimuli. As a result of startle potentiation, increased rCBF was found in the left amygdaloid-hippocampal region, and medially in the affective division of the anterior cingulate cortex. In conclusion, these results provide evidence for the involvement of limbic and paralimbic brain areas during fear provocation and fear-potentiated startle and for a similar neurocircuitry underlying startle in humans and animals.</p>

The present thesis investigated family history and neurobiology of social phobia. Social phobia is a disabling disorder characterized by a marked fear of scrutiny in a variety of social situations. By using a validated questionnaire, study I related family history of excessive social anxiety to social phobia and avoidant personality disorder in epidemiologically identified probands in the Swedish general population. A two- to threefold increased relative risk of social anxiety was observed for both diagnostic groups. Thus, having an affected family member is associated with approximately a doubled risk for both social phobia and avoidant personality disorder. The neurobiological studies explored situational and anticipatory elicited anxiety by means of positron emission tomography and 15O-water. Study II examined the functional neuroanatomy of social anxiety provocation in social phobics and a healthy comparison group during a public speaking task. Social phobia symptomatology was associated with higher neural activity in the amygdaloid complex, i.e. "the alarm system" of the brain, and lower activity in the prefrontal cortex. Study III examined the neural correlates of anxiety elicited by the anticipation of public speaking in individuals with social phobia. Anticipatory anxiety was accompanied by enhanced regional cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior temporal cortices as well as in the amygdaloid-hippocampal region. Brain blood flow was lower in the temporal pole and in the cerebellum. These results suggest that social phobia has a neuroanatomical basis in a highly sensitive fear network centered in the amygdaloid-hippocampal region and encompassing the prefrontal cortex.

The present thesis explored the neurobiological basis of three aspects of defense behaviors in humans. Positron emission tomography methodology was used, and changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured as an index of neural activity. Firstly, brain function was studied in a group of patients suffering from combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder, using a symptom provocation paradigm with combat sounds in order to elicit fear. Exposure to auditory trauma reminders relative to neutral sounds was associated with increased rCBF in sensorimotor areas, the cerebellar vermis, the periaqueductal gray matter, and the right amygdala, whereas decreased activity was observed in the retrosplenial area of the posterior cingulate cortex. Secondly, the neural circuitry mediating the acoustic startle response and its habituation was studied in a group of healthy subjects. During acoustic startle stimulation as compared to a resting condition, increased rCBF was found in a medial posterior area of the pons corresponding to the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. As a result of startle repetition, altered activity was found in the cerebellum, pointing to its involvement in startle habituation. Thirdly, neural activity associated with startle modulation by phobic fear was studied in a group of subjects with specific animal phobias during exposure to pictures of their feared and non-feared objects, paired and unpaired with acoustic startle stimuli. As a result of startle potentiation, increased rCBF was found in the left amygdaloid-hippocampal region, and medially in the affective division of the anterior cingulate cortex. In conclusion, these results provide evidence for the involvement of limbic and paralimbic brain areas during fear provocation and fear-potentiated startle and for a similar neurocircuitry underlying startle in humans and animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / Objetivos: Comparar a avaliação objetiva da obstrução nasal, mensurada por rinometria acústica (RnA) (volume dos cinco primeiros centímetros da cavidade nasal, V5) e rinomanometria anterior ativa (RMAA) (resistência nasal total, RNT), com a avaliação subjetiva dada pelo escore de obstrução (EO, escala de 0 a 10) em crianças e adolescentes com rinite alérgica e controles. Método: Trinta pacientes, entre sete e 18 anos, com rinite alérgica persistente e trinta controles participaram do estudo. As variáveis objetivas foram mensuradas em triplicata e de acordo com recomendações mais utilizadas. O EO foi referido para a cavidade nasal total e para as narinas em separado. RNT, V5 e EO foram mensurados nos momentos basal e após indução de obstrução nasal (100% aumento RNT após provocação nasal com histamina). Os pacientes com rinite alérgica foram tratados com corticosteroide tópico nasal (mometasona 100 mcg/dia por 15 dias) e avaliados 21 (±5) dias após. Resultados: Houve correlações significantes e negativas entre RNT e V5 em todos os grupos e situações de avaliação. Os valores de r encontrados variaram de -0,73 a -0,32, sendo a correlação encontrada no grupo rinite, no momento basal, na avaliação da narina mais obstruída a mais forte (r= -0,727). Para a cavidade nasal total não houve correlação significante entre EO e RNT e entre EO e V5 em todos os momentos estudados. Em relação à narina mais obstruída, verificamos correlação significante e negativa para EO e RNT (r= -0,51) e significante e positiva para EO e V5 (r= 0,29), avaliando-se o grupo total no momento basal. Não houve diferenças nítidas nos coeficientes de correlação encontrados nos paciente e nos controles. Os coeficientes de correlação não se alteraram após a indução de obstrução nasal e após tratamento com corticosteroide nasal. De forma semelhante, as crianças mais novas apresentaram coeficientes de correlação semelhantes aos dos adolescentes mais velhos. Conclusões: Assim como já fora descrito para adultos, a avaliação objetiva da obstrução nasal por RnA (V5) e RMAA (RNT) não apresentou correlação significativa em relação à avaliação subjetiva (escore de obstrução), em crianças e adolescentes, ao avaliar-se a cavidade nasal como um todo, fato que ocorreu na avaliação unilateral da cavidade nasal. Houve forte correlação entre as avaliações objetivas. A presença de doença nasal crônica (rinite alérgica) não interferiu na correlação entre as avaliações objetivas e subjetivas da obstrução nasal. A indução aguda de obstrução nasal, o tratamento com corticosteroide nasal e a idade também parecem não induzir alterações nessa correlação. Sugere-se, portanto, utilidade no acréscimo de um método objetivo para avaliação da obstrução nasal nas pesquisas em rinologia e, na sua impossibilidade, a avaliação das narinas em separado. / Objectives: Compare the objective assessment of nasal obstruction, measured by acoustic rhinometry (ARM) (volume of the first five centimeters of the nasal cavity, V5) and active anterior rhinomanometry (AARMM) (total nasal resistance, TNR), with the subjective evaluation given by obstruction scores (OS, scale from 0 to 10) in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis and controls. Method: Thirty patients, aged 7 to 18 years, with persistent allergic rhinitis and thirty controls were enrolled. The objective variables were measured in triplicate and according to existing recommendations. The OS was reported for the total nasal cavity and nostrils separately. TNR, V5 and EO were measured at baseline and in the moments after the induction of nasal obstruction (100% increase in NTS after nasal challenge with histamine). Patients with allergic rhinitis were treated with topical nasal corticosteroids, mometasone 100mcg/day for 15 days and assessed 21 (± 5) days later. Results: There were significant and negative correlations between TNR and V5 in all groups and evaluation situations. The r values ranged from -0.73 to -0.32, and the association found in rhinitis group, at baseline, to evaluate the strongest and most obstructed nostril (r = -0.727). For the nasal cavity, of no significant correlation between OS and TNR and between OS and V5 at all studied times. Regarding the most obstructed nostril, we found significant negative correlation for OS and TNR (r = -0.51) and significant and positive for OS and V5 (r = 0.29), evaluating the total group at baseline. There were no clear differences in the coefficients of correlation found in patients and controls. The correlation coefficients were not changed after the induction of nasal obstruction and after treatment with nasal corticosteroids. Similarly, younger children showed a correlation coefficient similar to those of older adolescents. Conclusions: As has been described for adults, the objective assessment of nasal obstruction ARM (V5) and RMAA (TNR) showed no significant correlation in relation to the subjective evaluation (obstruction score) in children and adolescents, when assessing the nasal cavity as a whole, which has been seen in the assessment of unilateral nasal cavity. There was strong correlation between the objective evaluations. The presence of chronic nasal disease (allergic rhinitis) did not affect the correlation between objective and subjective assessments of nasal obstruction. The acute induction of nasal obstruction, nasal corticosteroid treatment and age also seem to induce changes in this correlation. It is suggested, therefore, usefulness in adding an objective method for evaluating nasal obstruction in the polls in rhinology and, failing which, the evaluation of the nostrils separately. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-09T19:47:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 simonemullercosta.pdf: 871377 bytes, checksum: bfe602e84b905f2682ee939e457ca383 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-07T16:00:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 simonemullercosta.pdf: 871377 bytes, checksum: bfe602e84b905f2682ee939e457ca383 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T16:00:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 simonemullercosta.pdf: 871377 bytes, checksum: bfe602e84b905f2682ee939e457ca383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19 / Neste trabalho, investigamos a relação entre humor, im/polidez, trabalho de face e papéis em episódios do programa “Quatro em Campo”. Esse é um programa de rádio, exibido de segunda a sexta, pela rádio CBN e tem como foco discutir futebol. O programa tem o formato de uma mesa redonda, com um apresentador/mediador e três apresentadores/comentaristas. Embora o foco do programa seja futebol, muitas vezes, surgem provocações humorísticas, que podem atacar tanto aspectos da vida pessoal quanto profissional dos participantes. A literatura estudada aponta que sempre houve dificuldades em definir humor e, que, por isso, a primeira Teoria do Humor só surgiu em 1985 (RASKIN, 1985). Mais recentemente, alguns autores (NORRICK (1993); HOLMES (2000)) têm buscado definir o humor em situaçãoes reais de interação, considerando, principalmente, a forma como o alvo reage aos supostos enunciados humorísticos. Attardo (1994) defende que a provocação é um tipo de humor que traz em si um elemento de “crítica” e se realiza com a presença do alvo da crítica na interação. Assim, por ter se mostrado recorrente em nossos dados, o nosso foco de análise serão as provocações. Deste modo, adotando uma perspectiva relacional em estudos do discuro e uma abordagem interpretativista em análise de dados, buscamos verificar: os papéis que caracterizam/constituem o tipo de atividade analisada (Quatro em Campo); a relação entre humor e trabalho de face; e como as provocações emergem e são negociadas no discurso. A análise desses dados mostra que, nesse contexto, as provocações emergem, principalmente, quando um comentário esportivo gera algum tipo de desacordo/dissenso entre os participantes. Com essas provocações, busca-se uma mudança do enquadre que está sendo dado ao tópico em curso. Entretanto, essa mudança depende da forma como os alvos das provocações as recebem. Notou-se que há uma relação entre a forma como os participantes reagem às provocações e o papel que eles assumem, por exemplo, se o de comentarista esportivo ou de torcedor. De forma geral, o uso do humor se mostrou ambivalente, produzindo, ao mesmo tempo, afastamento e aproximação entre os interactantes. / In this paper, we investigate the relationship between humor, im/politeness, facework and roles in episodes of the program “Quatro em Campo”. It`s a radio program, aired from Monday to Friday by CBN radio and it focuses discussions about soccer. The program is shaped as a round table, with a presenter/facilitator and three presenters/commentators. Although the program`s focuses, as it`s said, is soccer, many times, emerge humorous provocations. The literature has sowed that there have always been difficulties in defining humor and so the first Theory of Humor was built only in 1985 (RASKIN, 1985). More recently, some authors (NORRICK (1993); HOLMES (2000)) has been sought to define humor in real situations of interaction. Attardo (1994) argues that provocation is a type of humour which brings in it a critical element and it is done in the target`s of criticism presence. So, considering the fact that provocations have showed be recurring in our data, our anlysis focus will be provocations. Thus, adopting a relational perspective in the discourse studies and a interpretative approach to data analysis, we seek to ascertain: the roles which characterize/ constitute the type of activity analyzed (Quatro em Campo); the relationship between humor and facework; and how the provocations emerge and how they are managed in the discourse. The analysis of data shows that, in this context, the provocations emerge, mainly, when a sporting commentary generates some kind of disagreement or dissent among the participants. With these provocations, the participants seek a change in the frame wich has being given to the current topic. However, this change depends on how the provocations` target receive them. It`s been noted that there is a relation between the way how participants react to provocations and the role they assume, for example, if it is the commentator role or the fan role. Moreover, in a general way, the use of humor has showed to be ambivalent, producing, at the same time, separation and connection among interactants.

Orientador: Ricardo de Lima Zollner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T16:04:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilella_LuizFelipeNoraRosa_M.pdf: 1382640 bytes, checksum: d0c8bc891d04399e182ad18470fe85b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: As vias aéreas superiores e inferiores constituem um sistema integrado, cuja interação é evidente na presença das doenças alérgicas, incluindo a rinite alérgica, que é co-morbidade relevante para o desenvolvimento da asma. Mecanismos já consolidados estão envolvidos, contudo o reflexo naso-brônquico, que consiste em um reflexo neural originado nas vias aéreas superiores causando impacto nas vias aéreas inferiores por meio da inflamação neurogênica foi sugerido em estudos experimentais. Evidências da presença deste reflexo em humanos baseiam-se em diferentes métodos que demonstraram prejuízo na função pulmonar após estimulação nasal, porém o monitoramento objetivo da permeabilidade nasal pela rinometria acústica associado ao estudo da função pulmonar por meio da espirometria, possibilita acessar respostas agudas nas vias aéreas após estimulação nasal, representando uma ferramenta promissora na investigação do reflexo naso-brônquico. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar alterações na função pulmonar após provocação nasal, visando identificar o reflexo naso-brônquico na rinite alérgica isolada. 33 voluntários com rinite alérgica persistente moderada/grave (grupo experimento) e 10 saudáveis (grupo controle) foram submetidos a avaliação inicial e protocolo de investigação composto por espirometria e rinometria acústica basais, seguidas por teste de provocação nasal com concentrações crescentes de histamina; após aplicação de cada concentração a rinometria acústica era novamente realizada passados 1, 4, 8 e 12 minutos, sendo considerada provocação positiva após 20% de obstrução em AST-2, determinando o PN20; por fim, imediatamente nova espirometria era realizada. Ao comparar os dados de função pulmonar antes e após provocação nasal, foi observada diferença significativa no grupo rinite para VEF1 (p=0,002), CVF (p=0,005) e PFE (p=0,005), entretanto não houve variação significativa para nenhum dos parâmetros analisados no grupo controle. O reflexo naso-brônquico foi identificado a partir da variação do VEF1, após a provocação nasal no grupo controle (média acrescida de dois desvios padrões), logo 18,2% dos indivíduos com rinite apresentaram reflexo naso-brônquico (queda > 3% em VEF1). Além disso, para estes verificamos correlação positiva entre as alterações observadas em VEF1 e FEF25-75% (p=0,002 / r=0,97), sugerindo envolvimento das vias aéreas de pequeno calibre. Considerando as vias aéreas superiores, o protocolo proposto demonstrou respostas similares nos dois grupos, sem diferença significativa entre os mesmos para dose de histamina (p=0,98), tempo para atingir PN20 (p=0,97) e porcentagem de obstrução nasal (p=0,97). As alterações observadas na função pulmonar após provocação nasal sugerem a presença do reflexo naso-brônquico no paciente com rinite alérgica persistente moderada/grave. O protocolo proposto apresentou reprodutibilidade, sem intercorrências e, diante dos resultados obtidos, propomos que deva ser pensado na prática clinica com objetivo de aperfeiçoar o diagnóstico da presença do reflexo naso-brônquico, relevante para os pacientes com hiperreatividade brônquica / Abstract: Upper and lower airways consists an integrated system and their interaction becomes evident in allergic diseases, highlighting allergic rhinitis, which is co morbidity to asthma onset. Consolidated paths are involved in this crosstalk, however the nasobronchial reflex, that represents a neural reflex originated in upper airways that causes lower airways impairments was suggested in experimental studies. Evidences for the presence of this reflex in humans are based in different methods that have demonstrated impaired pulmonary function after nasal challenge, although, utilizing objective monitoring of nasal patency by acoustic rhinometry in association with pulmonary function evaluation provided by spirometry, it is possible to access acute airways responses after nasal provocations, representing to be promising tools in nasobronchial reflex investigation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in pulmonary function after nasal provocation, looking for nasobronchial reflex identification in subjects with isolated allergic rhinitis. 33 subjects with persistent moderate/severe allergic rhinitis and 10 healthy subjects underwent screening evaluation and investigation protocol consisting in baseline spirometric and acoustic rhinometry measurements, followed by histamine nasal provocation in increasing concentrations; after each histamine application, comparative acoustic rhinometry measurements were performed passed 1, 4, 8 and 12 minutes and positive provocation was considered after reached 20% of obstruction in MCA-2, determining the NPT20; finally, another spirometry was performed immediately NPT20 was reached. Comparing the pulmonary function before and after provocation in the rhinitis group, it was observed significant difference for FEV1 (p=0,002), FVC (p=0,005) and PEF (p=0,005), however in the same comparison for the control group no significant difference could be found for any of the analyzed parameters. Nasobronchial reflex was identified based on VEF1 percentage of variation after nasal provocation in control group (mean plus two standard deviations), 18,2% of rhinitis group presented nasobronchial reflex (> 3% fall in FEV1). Furthermore, for these ones we could verify positive correlation between VEF1 and FEF25-75% impairments (p=0,002/r=0,97), suggesting distal lower airways involvement. Considering upper airways, the proposed protocol demonstrated similar reactions in the two groups, with no significant differences between them for histamine dose (p=0,98), time to reach NPT20 (p=0,97) and percentage of nasal obstruction (p=0,97). Concluding, spirometric impairments showed here suggest the presence of nasobronchial reflex in patients with persistent moderate/severe allergic rhinitis. The proposed protocol proved to be reproducible, without intercurrences and, regarding results showed here, we propose that it should be thought in clinical practice, in order to improve the diagnosis of the presence of nasobronchial reflex, relevant to patients with bronchial hyperreactivity / Mestrado / Clinica Medica / Mestre em Clinica Medica

Orientador: Ricardo de Lima Zollner / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T18:58:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ZanellatoFabbri_Natalia_D.pdf: 35087770 bytes, checksum: d1d79dc3e2bc0a5a2a05b4261a363a74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Apesar das diversas terapias disponíveis para o tratamento da rinite alérgica (RA), muitos pacientes não obtêm alívio dos sintomas com uso de um único fármaco e apresentam frequentemente queixa da manutenção dos sintomas mesmo sob tratamento. Estudos clínicos aleatorizados compararam a eficácia de anti-histamínicos e corticoides intranasais, isolados e associados e demonstraram que as terapias com drogas combinadas apresentam melhores resultados. A RA é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de obstrução de VAI e estudos clínicos com pacientes asmáticos demostraram redução da responsividade brônquica e sintomas de asma apenas com tratamento tópico nasal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar (1) o efeito do tratamento tópico nasal com azelastina (AZE), budesonida (BUD) e combinação AZE/BUD na obstrução nasal e sintomas de RA; (2) o efeito do estímulo nasal inespecífico com histamina na função pulmonar; e (3) o efeito dos tratamentos tópicos nasais na função pulmonar de pacientes com RA. O desenho do presente trabalho foi aleatorizado, cruzado e cego composto por 3 tratamentos. 28 pacientes participaram do estudo, com tratamento tópico nasal de 30 dias e intervalo de 7 dias entre os tratamentos. Os pacientes foram submetidos ao protocolo de TPN com histamina, avaliado por escore de sintomas, rinometria acústica e espirometria. Nossos resultados mostraram que a terapia com AZE/BUD é mais efetiva na prevenção da obstrução nasal e sintomas da RA comparada ao tratamento com as drogas isoladas. Além disso, encontramos indivíduos com alterações na função pulmonar após estímulo nasal inespecífico e controle destas alterações após tratamento tópico nasal, sugerindo influência positiva do tratamento nasal na função pulmonar de indivíduos com hiperreatividade brônquica / Abstract: Despite the several therapies available for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) many patients do not get relief of symptoms using a single drug and often have the maintenance of symptoms even under treatment. Randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy of antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids, isolated and associates, show that the combination drug therapies have better outcomes. The AR is a risk factor for the development of obstruction in lower airways and clinical studies with asthmatic patients demonstrated reduction of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma symptoms after just nasal topical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate (1) the effect of treatment with topical nasal azelastine (AZE), budesonide (BUD) and combined drugs (AZE/BUD) in nasal obstruction and symptoms of RA; (2) the effect of non-specific nasal challenge with histamine in lung function; and (3) the effect of topical nasal treatment on lung function in patients with RA. The design of this study was randomized, crossover and blind consisting of 3 periods of treatment with nasal sprays. 28 patients participated in the study, composed for 3 periods of treatment (30 days) and 7-day interval between treatments. Patients underwent protocol nasal provocation test with histamine assessed by symptom scores, acoustic rhinometry and spirometry. Our results showed that therapy with AZE/BUD is more effective in preventing nasal obstruction and symptoms of RA compared to treatment with drugs isolated. Furthermore, we find individuals with changes in pulmonary function after nonspecific nasal stimulation and control of these changes after nasal topical treatment, suggesting a positive influence of nasal treatment on lung function in subjects with bronchial hyperreactivity / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutora em Clínica Médica