This thesis will show that, in its original form, “The Turn of the Screw” acted as a monument to the intellectual unity shared between Henry James and his brother William. Through evaluating James’ biography, memoirs, and letters with William, this thesis will illustrate the subtle collaborative inspirations that initially helped James write the first twelve-part serial edition of “The Turn of the Screw” for Collier’s Weekly, which ran from January 27, 1898 until April 16, 1898. I will also demonstrate the effect of William’s philosophy and his death on the revisions James’ made to his story as published in the twelfth volume of his New York Edition (NYE).

This thesis provides the first comprehensive study of an eminent but oft-overlooked Victorian polymath, with the overarching aims of assessing his contributions to nineteenth-century intellectual life and of exploring the mutual relations between science and religion in his work. One of the towering figures of the Victorian scientific establishment, William Carpenter (1813-1885), F.R.S, was a famous physiologist and public figure. He is most remembered for his concept of 'unconscious cerebration' which contributed to the emergence of the disciplines of neurology and modern psychology, but Carpenter was also noted amongst his peers for his evolutionary approach to the study of the unicellular marine invertebrates known as the foraminifera. As a lifelong practicing Unitarian, Carpenter's outspoken support for evolutionary theory made him an exemplary advocate of the compatibility between rational thought and Christian belief amidst the Victorian debate about science and religion. As the Registrar of the University of London during its formative years, Carpenter also had a nationwide impact on the fortunes of scientific education and secondary education as a whole. Finally, as a populariser of science and public moralist, "Dr. Carpenter" was also well known to the Victorian public as one of the most outspoken critics of spiritualism, alleged paranormal phenomena, and superstition more generally. Nevertheless, no systematic study of Carpenter's work had until now been carried out, and the commonly held view that he lacked originality as a scientist had not been fully questioned. The current study therefore aims to review Carpenter's achievements and trace his intellectual legacy. As an intellectual biography, it argues that focusing on the now lesser-known members of the British intelligentsia can shine new light on the context of the professionalization of science in Victorian Britain. In its focus on science and religion, this thesis argues that a deeper understanding of Carpenter's Unitarianism must feature at the heart of any endeavour to analyse his work. Previous references to Carpenter either bypassed Unitarianism and its nineteenth-century transformations, or reduced Unitarian thought to certain core tenets that fell short of uncovering Carpenter's philosophical pursuits. Carpenter's Unitarianism is still often equated with the rationalism and mortalism that defined late eighteenth-century Unitarianism, and this failure to recognise how much Carpenter's own faith had departed from earlier strands of Unitarian belief has led to some misinterpretations of his motives. The current thesis therefore offers fresh interpretations of Carpenter's work, based on new archival material and recent historical studies of the shifting priorities shaping the more romantic and emotional spirituality of nineteenth-century Unitarianism. Taking an integrative approach to Carpenter's various projects makes it possible to show how seminal many of his ideas were, and how his Unitarianism, both in its social and spiritual dimensions, influenced his professional, political and intellectual choices. The biographical angle taken in this thesis also makes it possible to uncover a degree of epistemological coherence underpinning Carpenter's thought, and to argue that Carpenter's efforts to transcend conflicting viewpoints partook of his wider social and metaphysical aims.

Title of thesis: Evaluation of psychologically and physically load in competitors of Winter Survival; including incorporation of knowhow to hold the competition. Aim of thesis: 1. Creation of a manual to order competition of Winter Survival type in civil and army. 2. Valorize and confront physically load in Winter Survival 2007, 2008, 2011. 3. Valorize and confront psychologically load in Winter Survival 2007, 2008, 2011. Methods: 1. For the creation of the manual was used qualitative research with exploitation of interview with abstract questions. 2. To valorizing and fixing of physically load was used quantitative study. 3. To valorizing and fixing of psychologically load was used quantitative study. Results: 1. We created the "manual" to ordering and organising of cometition for trainee officials of competitions like Winter Survival. 2. The results prove, that competitors of WS moved around middle zone of physical load. WS 2008 was, in light of physical load, much easier, than WS 2007 and 2011. Effect of the extension in 2. part of competition is the extension of physical work in middle zone of physical load to the prejudice moderate zone. 3. Mental condition is impressed with physical load in "state" and "activity" parameter, less connections are between physical load and "mood" parameter; the...

Esta pesquisa trata do esquecimento do passado por refugiados africanos. As entrevistas foram recolhidas na Casa do Migrante, albergue que acolhe migrantes internos, imigrantes e refugiados recém-chegados em São Paulo. Foram entrevistados dois africanos: um angolano e outro congolês. Nosso objetivo de estudar o esquecimento emergiu nas entrevistas individuais e compartilhada entre estes refugiados, pois eles não queriam lembrar as cenas de guerra em África. Compreendemos o esquecimento, levantando a hipótese freudiana de que os refugiados querem esquecer o passado pois, ao tentarem dominar o golpe excessivo, repetem compulsivamente o trauma e a hipótese benjaminiana de que a dificuldade dos africanos em comunicar a experiência de guerra se deve ao declínio da narrativa e a experiência do choque após o avanço das forças produtivas. Porém, buscamos investigar se é possível elaborar o passado. Compreendemos as levas de refugiados ao redor do mundo como resultado da crise do capitalismo global, como nos mostrou Robert Kurz. Não se trata de povos obrigados a sair de sua pátria desde a antiga história religiosa da humanidade, tão pouco de vítimas de perseguição ou vítimas de violação dos direitos humanos, como concebe a Cáritas Arquidiocesana de São Paulo no atendimento aos refugiados. Analisamos as entrevistas a partir de três categorias de análise a fuga da guerra, a educação e o trabalho. Então, refletimos sobre o esquecimento dos refugiados africanos, partindo de um teor religioso para alcançar algumas considerações psicológicas. Mas o que resta aos psicanalistas diante de refugiados africanos? Concluímos o estudo, investigando a metodologia psicanalítica mais adequada para a pesquisa com africanos sobreviventes de guerra. E decidimos recolher seus sonhos traumáticos, segundo nossa hipótese de que eles pudessem sonhar à noite com aquilo que querem esquecer à luz do dia / This study is about the forgetting of the past by African refugees. The interviews were collected at Casa do Migrante hostel that offers shelter for migrants, immigrants and newcomers refugees in São Paulo. Two Africans were interviewed: an Angolan and a Congolese. Our aim of studying the forgetting emerged from the individual and shared interviews with these refugees, because they did not want to remember the scenes of war in Africa. We understand the forgetting, considering the freudian hypothesis that the refugees want to forget the past, as they compulsively repeat the trauma, when they try to dominate the excessive coup and considering the benjaminian hypothesis that the difficulty of Africans to communicate the war experience is due to the decline of narrative and the shock experience after the development of productive forces. Nevertheless, we try to investigate whether it is possible to work through the past. We understand the waves of refugees around the world as a result of the crisis of global capitalism, as Robert Kurz showed us. It is not about people obliged to leave home since the ancient religious history of mankind, or about victims of persecution or victims of human rights violation, as conceived by the Cáritas Arquidiocesana de São Paulo in the attendance of refugees. We analyze the interviews according to three categories of analysis the flight from war, education and work. So, we thought about the forgetting of African refugees, starting from a religious content to achieve some psychological considerations. But what does it remain for psychoanalysts in the presence of African refugees? We conclude the study, investigating the more suitable psychoanalytic methodology for the research with Africans war survivors. And we decide to collect their traumatic dreams, according to our hypothesis that they might dream at night with what they want to forget at day light

A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de mapear e analisar processos clínicos e de aprendizagens das crianças e adolescentes com sofrimento psíquico intenso, deficiência mental e em situação de vulnerabilidade social inseridas em um grupo terapêutico intitulado Conhecidências do Centro - grupo para crianças e jovens que faz parte da programação de um serviço público de saúde mental, que se propõe a realizar o acompanhamento dos participantes e experimentações junto com eles em espaços menos protegidos, não especializados, em espaços de uso comum da sociedade. Nos encontros deste grupo com instituições educacionais, de saúde e culturais, criou-se a demanda de pensar os processos de convivência, de experimentação e de aprendizagem dessas crianças e jovens, bem como dos profissionais das instituições que convivem com as mesmas. É possível que além de demandar das crianças, aprendizagem e adaptação, quem lida com elas também aprenda e se afete com elas também? Quais experimentações, experiências e interferências são possíveis com essa infância e juventude que foge das normas? O que se pode aprender com essas crianças (com ou sem deficiências e em situações de sofrimento psíquico), a fim de que acolhamos suas diferenças em nossa prática pedagógica e clínica? Essas são algumas das perguntas que dispararam a feitura desse trabalho e que deseja problematizar, assim como apresentar algumas pistas e hipóteses que podem contribuir para a produção de pensamento e de estratégias éticas e políticas no trabalho de acompanhar crianças e adolescentes. / The following research was developed aiming to chart and analyze clinical and learning processes of children and adolescents with intense psychical suffering, mental deficiency and at socially vulnerable conditions inserted in a therapeutic group entitled Conhecidências do Centro - a group for children and youngsters thats part of the program in a public service for mental health, and that proposes itself to accomplish the accompaniment of the participants and conjoint experimentations in less protected spaces, non specialized, of societys common use. At the groups meetings with educational, health and cultural institutions, it was created a demand to think the processes of acquaintanceship, experimentation and learning of these children and youngsters, as well as those of the institutions professionals who coexist with them. Is it possible that beyond demanding learning and adaptation of the children, those who deal with them also learn and affect themselves? Which experimentations, experiences and interferences are possible with an infancy and youth that strays from the standards? What can be learned with these children (with or without deficiencies and at psychical suffering situations), in order to receive their differences at our pedagogical and clinical practice? These are some of the questions that trigger the making of this work and that wishes to problematize, as well as present some clues and hypotheses which can contribute for the production of thinking and political and ethical strategies in the work of accompany children and youngsters.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianneMDNM.pdf: 328027 bytes, checksum: 0ddd4dd281a69a8707df70fe04a93cba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-23 / This study aims to understand the experience of people suffering from mental disorder. The patients are enrolled in a mental health ambulatory clinic in the city of Natal (RN). Mental disorders are growing rapidly in the contemporary world and are a source of intense mental suffering. Besides patients being strongly marked by a history of isolation and prejudice, they have been the target of real atrocities committed in the name of preservation of a supposed normality. The understanding and treatment of this disorder is influenced by cultural and historical inferences, depending on the period in which it is experienced. Semi-directed Interviews were conducted with a group of users, with the emphasis on giving voice to their uniqueness and individuality, highlighting how each one perceives his or her own experience. These were recorded and later transcribed by identifying the core of meanings. The results were analyzed under the gaze of the Humanist Phenomenology Existential perspective, which aims to unravel the phenomenon, without truths from volatility, highlighting the existence of the mental disorder as a way of living, being permeated by suffering mental and influenced by social problems, assuming contours very particular to each individual. Some progress has been perceived, even by users, with respect to the change of paradigm in the way of care, but still there is a consistent emphasis on medical and drug use. The changes point to the need for offering services to replace the asylum hospital model, and in addition to accept the bearer of mental disorder as a citizen, a bearer of rights who should be accepted and respected by society. Despite the pain expressed and its close liaison with suicide, their reports are full of perspectives and attitudes of confrontation facing life, pointing to new possibilities to be, recreating itself / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a experi?ncia de pessoas portadoras de transtorno mental, atendidas em um ambulat?rio da rede substitutiva de aten??o e cuidados em sa?de mental da cidade de Natal (RN). O transtorno mental vem sofrendo um crescimento vertiginoso no mundo contempor?neo, sendo fonte de intenso sofrimento ps?quico. Al?m de fortemente marcado por um hist?rico de isolamento e preconceito, tem sido alvo de verdadeiras atrocidades cometidas em nome da preserva??o de uma suposta normalidade. A compreens?o e tratamento desse transtorno recebe interfer?ncias da cultura e do per?odo hist?rico em que est? inserido. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-dirigidas com um grupo de usu?rios, com o prop?sito de dar voz ? sua singularidade e subjetividade, valorizando a forma como cada um percebe a sua pr?pria experi?ncia. As mesmas foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas, identificando os n?cleos de significados. Os resultados foram analisados sob o olhar da perspectiva Humanista Fenomenol?gica Existencial, que aponta para o desvelar do fen?meno, sem partir de verdades aprior?sticas, destacando a exist?ncia do transtorno mental enquanto uma possibilidade de ser, permeado pelo sofrimento ps?quico e influenciado por quest?es sociais relevantes, assumindo contornos muito particulares para cada indiv?duo. Alguns avan?os foram percebidos, inclusive pelos usu?rios, com rela??o ? mudan?a de paradigma na maneira de cuidar, embora ainda se constate uma ?nfase no recurso m?dico e medicamentoso. As mudan?as apontam para a necessidade de ofertar servi?os substitutivos ao modelo asilar e hospitaloc?ntrico, al?m de aceitar o portador de transtorno mental enquanto um cidad?o, portador de direitos e devendo ser acolhido e respeitado pela sociedade. Apesar da dor expressada e da estreita liga??o desta com o suic?dio, seus relatos s?o permeados de perspectivas e atitudes de enfrentamento diante das vicissitudes da vida, apontando para novas possibilidades de ser, recriando-se a si mesmo

L’épisiotomie est un élargissement chirurgical de l’orifice vaginal réalisé à l’aide d’une incision du périnée au cours de l’accouchement et notamment pendant la dernière étape de l’expulsion. Très souvent étudiée sous un angle somatique, cette pratique chirurgicale a été très peu abordée sous un angle psychologique. Ce manque de donnée est d’autant plus marqué qu’il n’existe aucune étude d’orientation psychodynamique portant sur l’épisiotomie. Le but de ce travail de thèse est d’évaluer l’impact psychique de l’incision du périnée en divisant trois axes d’évaluation : les effets de l’épisiotomie, les facteurs de risques et les facteurs protecteurs inhérents au vécu difficile de l’épisiotomie et enfin le vécu de l’épisiotomie en fonction des caractéristiques individuelles du sujet. Pour ce faire une étude longitudinale comparant l’effet de l’épisiotomie aux autres modes d’accouchement (césarienne, voie basse avec périnée intact ou pseudo-intact et déchirure) a été réalisée sur 43 femmes. Elle s’est appuyée sur une rencontre prénatale 1 mois avant l’accouchement, une évaluation 2 jours et 2 mois après l’accouchement et enfin 3 rencontres post-natales (3 mois, 9mois, 1 an). Chaque rencontre s’est appuyée sur la réalisation d’entretiens (semi-directifs et libres), de questionnaires (SF36, QIC, EPDS, CPQ, WOMBLSQ4, Traumaq) et l’emploi du test de Rorschach. Les principaux résultats montrent que l’épisiotomie implique une satisfaction liée à l’accouchement plus faible 2 mois après l’accouchement. De même, elle est préférentiellement associée à la présence de douleurs, dyspareunies et dépressions 3 mois après l’accouchement. En outre, elle est considérée avec la survenue d’une déchirure comme un des modes d’accouchement les plus difficilement vécus. Notre étude a également montré qu’une qualité de mentalisation effondrée préservait les femmes d’un vécu difficile lié à l’épisiotomie. Enfin, l’analyse qualitative a mis en évidence la présence de dysfonctionnements sexuels et angoisses somatopsychiques spécifiquement liés à l’épisiotomie. Pour finir, nous avons montré que le vécu subjectif personnel colorait la perception de l’épisiotomie notamment au travers de la dynamique transférentielle projetée sur l’équipe médicale mais aussi lors de la reviviscence de traumatismes psychiques. L’ensemble de ces résultats est également commenté en fonction des perspectives théoriques et cliniques soulevées visant à améliorer le bien-être des femmes en salle d’accouchement et en suite de couche / Episiotomy is an enlargement of the vaginal orifice made by a surgical incision of the perineum during the delivery and especially during the last stage of expulsion. Mostly studied in a somatic angle, this surgical practice has been very little studied from a psychological point of view. Moreover, there is no psychodynamic study on episiotomy. The aim of this research is to evaluate the psychical impact of episiotomy with three different types of evaluations: the effects of episiotomy, the risk and protective factors associated with the difficult experience of episiotomy and finally the subjective and individual experiences. We conducted a longitudinal study which was performed on 43 women. It compared the effect of episiotomy with other modes of delivery (caesarean section, vaginal approach with intact or pseudo-intact perineum and perineal injuries). It relied on a prenatal appointment (1 month before delivery), an assessment 2 days and 2 months after the delivery and finally 3 postnatal meetings (3 months, 9 months, 1 year). Each one of them was based on interviews (semi-directive and free), questionnaires (SF36, QIC, EPDS, CPQ, WOMBLSQ4, Traumaq) and the use of the Rorschach test. The main results show that 2 months after delivery, episiotomy implies a lower satisfaction related to childbirth. Perineal incision has stronger correlation with the presence of pain, dyspareunia and depression 3 months after childbirth. In addition, with the perineal injuries group, episiotomy is considered as one of the most difficult ways to give birth. Our study also showed that a low quality of mentalization protect women from a hard experience related to episiotomy. Finally, the qualitative analysis showed that episiotomy is specifically linked to sexual dysfunctions and somatopsychic anxieties. To finish, we have shown that personal subjective experiences influence the perception of episiotomy (particularly through the transferential dynamics projected on the medical team and the revival of psychical traumas). All these results are also commented in a theoretical and clinical point of view which aims to improve the well-being of women in the delivery room and afterwards

This work is referred to the Research Line School Practices and Public Policies of the Education Post-Graduation Program of the UFSM. This research had its focus on the pedagogical practice of an elementary schoolteacher (second series) on a Public Elementary School of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, regarding to the facing way of the violence and conflicts occurred between the classmates in the classroom. In this context, it was verified if the schoolteacher s actions contributed to prevent the school violence expressions and affected the student s autonomy development. The adopted methodology was based in a qualitative approaching, by using the case study perspective. Piaget (1993; 1994; 1998), De Vries & Zan (1998), Sastre & Moreno (2002), Fante (2005), Tognetta (2005), Dani (2008), Tognetta & Vinha (2008) studies, among others, were used as theoretical basis to develop this research. The data collection was accomplished by means of observations made in the classroom, registered in a diary notebook, and a semi-structured interview with the schoolteacher. The data analysis is given through categories, organized as functions of the frequency and centrality of the findings to the analytical objective. Starting from this data evaluation, it was concluded that the schoolteacher s pedagogical practice contributed to build a cooperative environment in the classroom, allowing the student s autonomy development. Also, it was verified that the methods to solve the conflicts and psychical violence resulting from the relations among the students were, most of the time, in agreement to the possible ways to confront and prevent the violence at school. / Este trabalho insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa Práticas Escolares e Políticas Públicas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFSM. O tema central do estudo foi a questão da violência na escola, tendo como foco de análise a violência psíquica entre estudantes. A problematização desencadeadora desta investigação se deu em torno da prática docente em relação aos conflitos e violências psíquicas ocorridas entre alunos em sala de aula. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi analisar a prática pedagógica de uma professora da segunda série do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Municipal da cidade de Santa Maria/RS quanto ao modo de enfrentamento dos conflitos e violências psíquicas entre alunos. Dentro deste contexto, buscou-se verificar se as ações desta professora contribuíram para a prevenção das expressões de violências na escola e repercutiram no desenvolvimento da autonomia dos alunos. A metodologia adotada contemplou uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se da perspectiva do estudo de caso. Os estudos de Piaget (1993; 1994; 1998), De Vries e Zan (1998), Sastre e Moreno (2002), Fante (2005), Tognetta (2005), Dani (2008), Tognetta e Vinha (2008), entre outros, serviram como aporte teórico para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de observações feitas em sala de aula, registradas em um diário de campo, e entrevista semi-estruturada com a professora. A análise dos dados se deu através de categorias, organizadas em função da freqüência e da centralidade dos achados para o objetivo analítico. A partir da análise dos dados, pôde-se concluir que a prática pedagógica da professora contribuiu para a construção de um ambiente cooperativo em sala de aula, favorável ao desenvolvimento da autonomia dos alunos. Também se verificou que o modo como foram resolvidos os conflitos e as violências psíquicas resultantes das relações entre alunos foi, na maioria das vezes, condizente com as possíveis formas de combater e prevenir as violências nas escolas.

This diploma thesis deals with art creation of adolescents and early adolescents. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part specifies a teen years period including biological and psychological changes and it also specifies the development of teen years. The attention is also focused on the ontogenesis of art demonstration according to C. Burnt´s, H. H. Luquert´s and particularly V Lowenfeld´s stages. The practical part deals with the analysis of collected research material of tenagers between the ages of 11-16 years. The goal of this thesis is to find out if the art demonstration of present-day teen-agers responses to the ontogenesis model which is described by V. Lovenfeld.

As the fundamental motif of my thesis I selected topic ``Symptoms of psychical deprivation of children with a combined somatic handicap and its reflection in artistic expression{\crqq}. I selected this topic on purpose since I was very interested whether physically handicapped children who spend most of their life behind the walls of an asylum with similarly affected individuals show any mental deprivation and whether it influences their drawing. The main objective of the thesis was to ascertain whether children suffering from a physical handicap experience mental deprivation, immediately connected with their primary handicap and the life behind the walls of an asylum among similarly handicapped individuals. I believe that this issue has not been examined thoroughly yet. In the introductory part of the thesis I described the issue of mental deprivation and physical handicaps and outlined art therapy techniques in several chapters. In the practical part I pursued the objective of the research, i.e. analysis of drawings and collages and the manner how mental deprivation is reflected in the artistic works. I analysed particularly three kinds of basic drawing tests: Figure Test, Baum Test (tree test) and House Test. Some children also made drawings and collages on topics: I and My World{\crqq}, ``Snow White and Seven Dwarfs{\crqq} and ``Sleeping Beauty{\crqq}. I evaluated the works according to the Blatruschov{\crq}s and Ogdonov{\crq}s Figure Test and classic Koch{\crq}s Baum Test. Considering the character of the research objective and the nature of the available data, I decided for a qualitative methodological approach, using the following information collection techniques: analysis of personal documents (artistic works of physically handicapped children) documented by elaborated case studies. The diploma thesis may be utilized by art therapists, special pedagogues, psychologists and also students of special pedagogy and other health-social branches.