Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-100).

Submitted by GABRIELA LANZA PORCIONATO null (gabiporcionato@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T13:54:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final - Repositorio.pdf: 2084545 bytes, checksum: b9395a8ed06e1a4a6c2fc263d9e1c298 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-20T16:36:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 porcionato_gl_me_arafcl.pdf: 2084545 bytes, checksum: b9395a8ed06e1a4a6c2fc263d9e1c298 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T16:36:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 porcionato_gl_me_arafcl.pdf: 2084545 bytes, checksum: b9395a8ed06e1a4a6c2fc263d9e1c298 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente texto é fruto da pesquisa de mestrado intitulada “Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida: a construção social de um mercado”, cujo objetivo foi de analisar as empresas que compõem o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, ou seja, as construtoras que fazem parte do mercado de construção habitacional de padrão econômico, considerando-se ainda o ponto de vista dos consumidores das casas. É a partir da sociologia econômica, que estuda as relações econômicas como relações sociais, que iremos nos debruçar sobre a construtora, buscando entender não apenas de que maneira ela moldou/implantou o seu padrão de racionalidade no programa habitacional federal, mas também como influenciou os moradores na compra do seu produto, o apartamento. Buscaremos identificar convergências e desajustamentos de racionalidades ou habitus de construtora e de compradores de apartamento. Como fonte de pesquisa, foram utilizados os conteúdos no site da empresa, revistas sobre construção civil e a pesquisa de campo, com entrevistas com os membros da construtora e com moradores do condomínio construídos por esta empresa. Os dados indicam a convergência de racionalidade econômica dos compradores e dos vendedores. / This research is the result of the master's research entitled "Minha Casa Minha Vida: the social construction of a market." This research aims to analyze the companies that make up the 'Minha Casa Minha Vida' that is, construction companies that are part of the housing construction market economy standard, even considering the point of view of consumers‘ homes. It is from the economic sociology, which studies the economic relations as social relations, which we will in dwell on the construction company, seeking to understand not only how it shaped / implemented its rationality standard in federal housing program, but also as influenced residents the purchase of your product, apartment. As a research source was used content on the company website, magazines about the construction and field research through interviews with members of the construction and condominium residents built by this company. The data indicate the convergence of economic rationality of buyers and sellers. / CNPq: 132985/2015-2

The U.S. social security system faces funding pressure due to the aging of the population. This dissertation examines the welfare cost of social security reform and social security policy uncertainty under rational expectations and under learning. I provide an overview of the U.S. social security system in Chapter I. In Chapter II, I construct an analytically tractable two-period OLG model with capital, social security, and endogenous government debt. I demonstrate the existence of steady states depends on social security parameters. I demonstrate a saddle-node bifurcation of steady states numerically, and demonstrate a transcritical bifurcation analytically. I show that if a proposed social security reform is large enough, or if the probability of reform is high enough, the economy will converge to a steady state. In Chapter III, I develop a three-period lifecycle model. The model is inherently forward looking, which allows for more interesting policy analysis. With three periods, the young worker's saving-consumption decision depends on her expectation of future capital. This forward looking allows analysis of multi-period uncertainty. Analysis in the three-period model suggests that policy uncertainty may have lasting consequences, even after reform is enacted. In Chapter IV, I develop two theories of bounded rationality called life-cycle horizon learning and finite horizon life-cycle learning. In both models, agents use adaptive expectations to forecast future aggregates, such as wages and interest rates. This adaptive learning feature introduces cyclical dynamics along a transition path, which magnify the welfare cost of changes in policy and policy uncertainty. I model policy uncertainty as a stochastic process in which reform takes place in one of two periods as either a benefit cut or a tax increase. I find the welfare cost of this policy uncertainty is less than 0.25% of period consumption in a standard, rational expectations framework. The welfare cost of policy uncertainty is larger in the learning models; the worst-off cohort in the life-cycle horizon learning model would be willing to give up 1.98% of period consumption to avoid policy uncertainty.

[pt] Nessa pesquisa, procura-se identificar o estilo de liderança e a visão relacional com o entorno corporativo, percebidos por alto-executivos inseridos em um contexto organizacional de forte mutação e de práticas de ações sócioresponsáveis, diagnosticando eventuais afinidades e recorrências, na tentativa de se estabelecer um padrão comportamental que possa promover uma abordagem organizacional alternativa, com foco nas relações interpessoais. Para tanto, estabelece-se uma trilogia conceitual composta pela liderança, pelo contexto das teorias administrativas, e pela teoria dos stakeholders, justificada pela ação prática da responsabilidade social. Adicionalmente, apoia-se nos preceitos da racionalidade, intrínsecos aos propósitos das relações interpessoais associados à presente investigação. A pesquisa é baseada em estudo de casos múltiplos de empresas globais que reconhecidamente pregam e praticam o discurso da responsabilidade social e apropria-se de tipologias e tratamentos classificatórios teóricos, na tentativa de ratificar as afinidades comportamentais evidenciadas. Os resultados mostram que os executivos se percebem como democráticos, intervencionistas, controladores, orientados para a tarefa e resultado, e vêem a responsabilidade social com foco no nível econômico e como um modelo de negócio alinhado à estratégia utilitária da organização. Esse padrão se ratifica pela repetição do diagnóstico e recorrência comportamental, e pela distribuição uniforme de resultados, mesmo diante de ferramentais distintos e de um distanciamento entre o discurso escrito e falado. Observa- se, ainda, que tais padrões, mesmo inseridos em um contexto eminentemente relacional, não se prestam a suportar uma nova abordagem organizacional, à medida que, pelo tipo de estilo e similaridade acentuada, reforçam o discurso dominante de uma lógica de pensamento instrumental e funcional. / [en] The following research focuses on identifying the leadership behavior and the relationship forms within corporate environment, noticed by high-leveled executives inserted in an organizational context of strong changes and practices of socio-responsible activities, diagnosing occasional affinities and recurrences, in trying to establish a behavioral pattern that can promote an organizational alternative approach, with focus on interpersonal relationships. As a way of accessing this matter, a conceptual trilogy is established and composed by leadership, by the context of administrative theories and the theory of stakeholders, justified by the practical action of social responsibility. Additionally, it is based on precepts of rationality, intrinsic to the purposes of interpersonal relationships associated to this work. The research is based on studies of multiple cases of global companies that deliver and practice speech of social responsibility. In complement, typologies and ratings from theories patterns have been used in the attempt to ratify the behavioral affinities highlighted. The results show that the executives see themselves as democratic, interventionist, controllers, guided to task and result, and see social responsibility with focus on the economic level and as a model of business aligned to the utilitarian strategy of the organization. This pattern is ratified by the repetition of diagnosis and behavioral recurrence, and by unvarying distribution of results, even facing distinct tools and a space between the written and the spoken speech. Yet, it is observed that these patterns, even inserted in a context that enphasies relationships, do not support a new organizational approach, as the kind of behavior and sharp similarity, reinforce the dominant speech of an instrumental and functional thought logic.

Esta dissertação propõe o exame do conseqüencialismo no direito através do estudo da análise econômica do direito na obra de Richard A. Posner. Na primeira parte do trabalho, três fundamentos desse conseqüencialismo são apresentados: uma certa visão econômica do mundo; a insuficiência de duas importantes teorias sobre o que é a justiça (Aristóteles e Rawls); e a incapacidade da filosofia moral de auxiliar o direito. Após, passa-se a tratar dos elementos que compõem o conceito central dessa espécie de conseqüencialismo: a eficiência e a sua aplicação prática. Na segunda parte da dissertação, procede-se ao exame das dificuldades encontradas na aplicação da eficiência, principalmente no raciocínio prático jurídico. A conclusão procura destacar que apesar do raciocínio jurídico não poder ser reduzido a uma particular metodologia econômica, ele deve ser compreendido, sempre que possível, como situado em um contexto de mercado. / This work proposes the analysis of consequencialism in law through the study of Law and Economics in the major works of Richard A. Posner and is an attempt to examine its deficiencies as well. In the first part, I argue that this particular form of consequencialism is grounded in three different claims: a particular economic view, the insufficiency of two important theories of justice (Aristotle and Rawls), and the incapacity of moral philosophy to help legal discourse. After establishing the grounds of this type of consequencialism as efficiency, this dissertation will move on to the main elements that form this conception and its practical results. The second part deals with some difficulties involving the use of efficiency, especially in legal reasoning. The conclusion aims to emphasize that even though legal reasoning can not be reduced to a particular type of economic methodology, it can not avoid to be understood in a market context.

A hereditariedade e a variação biológica são centrais para a evolução biológica. Apesar das diferentes abordagens sobre esse tema, sempre se mostra recorrente no discurso de cientistas, filósofos, historiadores e sociólogos da ciência a problematização do genecentrismo. Desse modo, uma questão relevante é entender o lugar do genecentrismo no pensamento evolutivo - é preciso perguntar como e por que esse tema tem sido problematizado de uma determinada maneira. Essa dissertação tem como objetivo principal, portanto, procurar as condições históricas que possibilitaram a organização do genecentrismo no pensamento evolutivo. A principal ideia defendida nesse estudo é de que a constituição do genecentrismo, e seu lugar central na teoria evolutiva, foram possibilitados pela emergência da racionalidade genética e pela construção de uma identidade genética intrínseca no início do século XX. A partir de evidências históricas, defendo também que a emergência da racionalidade genética permitiu enunciar muitas proposições novas, formando saberes e produzindo discursos, como a demonstração da seleção natural e uma síntese teórica da evolução biológica. Mas também a partir dela se operou “constrições” no conhecimento evolutivo, como a exclusão da Embriologia e a diminuição da importância de fatores ontogenéticos e ambientais. / Heredity and variation are central focus of evolutionary studies. Despite the different approaches to heredity and evolution, the gene-centered version of evolution is a central theme in the discourse of philosophers, historians and sociologists of science. Thereby, my aim here is to understand the place of gene-centered view in the evolutionary thought and to trace the historical conditions of possibility which set up this discourse. The main idea of this dissertation is that the origin of gene-centered view of evolution was made possible by the emergence of genetic rationality and the creation of ‘genetic identity’ at the turn of the twentieth century. Historical evidence is presented to support that the emergence of genetic rationality allowed new propositions to be made, forming knowledge and producing discourse in the evolutionary theory, as the demonstration of natural selection and a theoretical synthesis. But also from the genetic rationality there are effects of “evolutionary constriction", as the exclusion of Embryology from the Evolutionary Synthesis and the decrease importance of ontogenetic and environmental factors.

xiii, 230 p. : ill. (some col.) / I develop a model in which a representative consumer selects an affordable consumption bundle, not as a single choice, but as the end result of a series of smaller, incremental purchase decisions. If the array of such incremental choices facing the consumer is sufficiently complex relative to the consumer's computational abilities, then the consumer may choose to employ a simplifying heuristic or rule-of-thumb to guide her behavior. I demonstrate the existence of a simple and well-defined example of such a strategy, based upon a satisficing decision rule. I further show that in the strategic setting defined by the interaction between consumers and firms that compete in prices, this satisficing strategy can form part of a Nash equilibrium, despite being ex ante only boundedly rational. The use of this satisficing demand strategy fundamentally alters the nature of price competition between firms (relative to the standard Bertrand model), changing the shape of the firm best response functions. The use of a satisficing strategy alters the incentives of firms, and these altered firm incentives lead to pricing behavior which has the effect of rationalizing the satisficing consumption strategy, so that a truly novel class of Nash equilibria in price-competing markets can be shown to exist under certain conditions. We explore the nature of this new class of equilibria, and find that equilibrium prices may be higher than those which would be obtained in the standard Bertrand case. In general, demand curves for each distinct good will have a kinked shape, similar to those found in 1939 papers by both Sweezy and Hall & Hitch. The Nash equilibrium profile will involve the kink in each demand curve coinciding with the equilibrium price for the corresponding good. The equilibrium price vector will therefore be robust to "small" fluctuations in cost (since marginal revenue is discontinuous at the equilibrium price), and under certain conditions, we find that prices may be upwardly flexible but downwardly rigid. We make an argument that the main results of the paper generalize from a representative agent setting to one with a population of heterogeneous consumers. / Committee in charge: Dr. Van Kolpin， Chairperson； Dr. Christopher J. Ellis， Member； Dr. Jeremy Piger， Member； Dr. Renee Irvin， Outside Member

This dissertation studies the impact embedding boundedly rational agents in real business cycle-type news-shock models may have on a variety of model predictions, from simulated moments to structural parameter estimates. In particular, I analyze the qualitative and quantitative effects of assuming agents are boundedly rational in a class of DSGE models which attempt to explain the observed volatility and comovements in key aggregate measures of U.S. economic performance as the result of endogenous responses to information in the form of ``news shocks''. The first chapter explores the theoretical feasibility of relaxing the rational expectations hypothesis in a three-sector real business cycle (RBC) model which generates boom-bust cycles as a result of periods of optimism and pessimism on the part of households. The second chapter determines whether agents forming linear forecasts of shadow prices in a nonlinear framework can lead to behavior approximately consistent with fully informed individuals in a one-sector real business cycle model. The third chapter analyzes whether empirical estimates of the relative importance of anticipated shocks may be biased by assuming rational expectations. By merging the two hitherto separate but complementary strands of literature related to bounded rationality and news shocks I am able to conduct in-depth analysis of the importance of both the information agents have and what they choose to do with it. At its core, the study of news in macroeconomics is a study of the specific role alternative information sets play in generating macroeconomic volatility. Adaptive learning on the other hand is concerned with the behavior of agents given an information set. Taken together, these fields jointly describe the input and the ``black box'' which produce model predictions from DSGE models. While previous research has been conducted on the effects of bounded rationality or news shocks in isolation, this dissertation marks the first set of research explicitly focused on the interaction of these two model features.

Submitted by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T19:27:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-caio-sievers-sperandio.pdf: 854209 bytes, checksum: 2b792c063fb149e03dbd294127cb0ac1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T19:28:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-caio-sievers-sperandio.pdf: 854209 bytes, checksum: 2b792c063fb149e03dbd294127cb0ac1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T19:28:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-caio-sievers-sperandio.pdf: 854209 bytes, checksum: 2b792c063fb149e03dbd294127cb0ac1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O debate sobre o progresso linear do conhecimento toma um grande papel na filosofia da ciência, tendo como uma de suas principais figuras Thomas S. Kuhn com sua tese de incomensurabilidade. Porém, a incomensurabilidade é o tema mais polêmico dos trabalhos de Kuhn, geradora de criticas de relativismo e irracionalismos. Devido a essas críticas, ou por uma evolução natural do pensamento de Kuhn, a tese da incomensurabilidade encontra dois momentos, segundo comentadores como Robson Guitarrari. Em sua primeira formulação ela possui um patamar mais amplo, porém, posteriormente, Kuhn defende uma incomensurabilidade local, dando uma maior ênfase para a linguagem. A presente dissertação analisa três questões referentes à incomensurabilidade: é possível manter a tese da incomensurabilidade? As causas que levaram a essa mudança de perspectiva da incomensurabilidade? e se é possível não cairmos em um relativismo? Para tanto, apresentamos, brevemente, a dinâmica científica defendida por Kuhn, passando pelo período pré-paradigmático, paradigmático e de revolução cientifica para, só então, tratar propriamente da questão da incomensurabilidade. Para essa empreitada, utilizaremos dos textos de Thomas Kuhn, deixando claro os dois momentos da incomensurabilidade e, partindo da análise de comentadores, apresentaremos as críticas e defesas a essa tese. / The debate on the linear progress of knowledge takes a big role in the philosophy of science, having as one of its leading figures Thomas S. Kuhn with his thesis of incommensurability. However, the incommensurability is the most polemical theme of the works of Kuhn, generating criticism of relativism and irrationalism. Because of these criticisms or a natural evolution of the thought of Kuhn's thesis of incommensurability meets two times, according to commentators as Robson Guitarrari. In its initial formulation it has a broader level, however, later, Kuhn maintains a local incommensurability, giving greater emphasis to the language. This dissertation analyses three issues incommensurability, it is possible to maintain the thesis of incommensurability, the question that led to this change of perspective of incommensurability, and if you can not fall into relativism. Therefore, we present briefly the scientific dynamics advocated by Kuhn, through pre - paradigmatic, paradigmatic and scientific revolution then properly approach the incommensurability issue. For this work will use the texts of Thomas Kuhn, making clear the two moments of incommensurability and, starting from the analyses commentators, and present the critics and defences to this thesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Scarrone 25-04-2013.pdf: 1396853 bytes, checksum: a3140402a0ff30bea478f2257d087ed1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present research aims to demonstrate the contribution of the concept of subject in Franz Hinkelammert for the study of religion. It is intended to show the epistemologist critical value of this concept, comprehensible to the light of the transcendental dialectical method discovered by Marx and developed by Hinkelammert, allowing its applicability to the study of sciences of religion. Seeks to answer the question posed by Boaventura de Sousa Santos about the possibility of enhancing the emancipatory potential of rebels subjectivities, aiming at overcoming the abstract conception of the subject of empirical sciences, whose scientific methodology is based on the scientific neutral objectivity of the Weberian character. For this purpose, we analyze the relationship between this conception and the consequent human sacrifices. The invisibility or the resigned acceptance of these sacrifices show the necessity of the epistemological need of adopting the concept of subject as a criterion of scientific analysis and insight, leading to the discovery and criticism of unconscious relational dynamics that govern societies given the inertia of their structures. It is a concept that implies a subjective theology - in which, God is present as an accomplice of the resistance of the victims against the rulers - and as a non-religious criterion that ends in an autonomous ethics, which is concerned with a humanizing religious praxis. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal demonstrar a contribuição do conceito de sujeito em Franz Hinkelammert para o estudo da religião. Pretende-se mostrar o valor epistemológico crítico desse conceito, compreensível à luz do método dialético transcendental descoberto por Marx e desenvolvido por Hinkelammert, possibilitando sua aplicabilidade no estudo das ciências da religião. Procura-se responder à pergunta posta por Boaventura de Sousa Santos sobre a possibilidade de valorizar o potencial emancipador das subjetividades rebeldes, visando a superação da concepção abstrata de sujeito das ciências empíricas, cuja metodologia científica se fundamenta na objetividade neutral de cunho weberiano. Para tanto, analisa-se a relação entre essa concepção e os sacrifícios humanos dai decorrentes. A invisibilidade ou resignada aceitação desses sacrifícios apontam para a necessidade epistemológica da adoção do conceito de sujeito como critério científico de análise e discernimento, levando à descoberta e crítica das dinâmicas relacionais inconscientes que regem as sociedades entregues à inércia de suas estruturas. Trata-se dum conceito que implica numa teologia subjetiva na qual, Deus se faz presente como cúmplice da resistência das vítimas contra os dominadores , bem como dum critério não religioso que desemboca numa ética autônoma, voltada para uma práxis religiosa humanizadora.