Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Two opposing approaches to beginning reading are used, namely the phonological and global approach, under which the whole word, whole sentence and whole language methods are classed. The whole crux of the controversy is situated in beginning reading as an explicit, intensive and systematic method of teaching phonics, as opposed to implicit beginning reading through discrimination of global configurations, augmented by psycholinguistic guesses within reading context. Arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of the opposing methods have been hurdled to and fro for decades without any discernible gain. The question emerged whether research on brain physiology with respect to language and reading, a relatively new field of study, could shed light on the foundation of an accountable method for beginning reading. Renewed insights to the controversial differences were gained, and brain physiologically accountable parameters as a base for a beginning reading method were framed from these insights. / Twee opponerende aanvangsleesbenaderings word in die skole gebruik, naamlik die fonologiese benadering en die geheelbenadering, waaronder die geheelwoord-, geheelsinen die geheeltaalmetode ressorteer. Die kern van die verskil tussen die aanvangsleesbenaderings le in aanvangslees as eksplisiete, intensiewe en sistematiese foneemonderrig, teenoor implisiete aanvangslees wat die waarneming van globale konfigurasies, aangevul deur psigolinguistiese raaiskote binne die leeskonteks, aanmoedig. In die polemiek om die beste leesmetode word argumente oor die voor- en nadele ten opsigte van die begronding van hierdie opponerende metodes reeds dekades heen en weer geslinger. Navorsingsresultate word eindeloos, sonder duidelike winste, met mekaar vergelyk. Dit het die vraag laat onstaan of navorsing ten opsigte van die breinfisiologie met betrekking tot taal en lees, 'n relatief nuwe studieveld, moontlik lig sou kon werp op die begronding van 'n verantwoordbare aanvangsleesmetode. Die literatuurstudie ten opsigte van breinfisiologie het vernuwende insigte oor die polemiese begrondingsverskille na vore gebring, en breinfisiologies-verantwoordbare parameters as basis vir 'n aanvangsleesmetode is uit hierdie insigte opgestel. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

The purpose of this study is to compare methods and working materials that a number of Swedish and Turkish educators are using in order to teach reading skills in first grade. It also aims to examine how educators stimulate students’ interest in reading. The study is based on four interviews with teachers from both Sweden and Turkey, where they all teach in first grade. Differences and similarities in the answers from the interviews are compiled in a table. The results of the study shows that the educators uses several different methods in order to teach reading skills. We can also see in this study is that the methods that the educators choose to work with is not essential for the result. It is the competence of the educators that is the most important object to teach reading skills. The results also shows that the process of learning to read in Sweden and Turkey do not differ significantly from each other. It was found that almost all educators uses reading books, books letter, reading for home works and reading aloud in reading lesson. The study also shows that the biggest difference between Turkey and Sweden in way of teaching reading skills is the curricula for the reading skills.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Two opposing approaches to beginning reading are used, namely the phonological and global approach, under which the whole word, whole sentence and whole language methods are classed. The whole crux of the controversy is situated in beginning reading as an explicit, intensive and systematic method of teaching phonics, as opposed to implicit beginning reading through discrimination of global configurations, augmented by psycholinguistic guesses within reading context. Arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of the opposing methods have been hurdled to and fro for decades without any discernible gain. The question emerged whether research on brain physiology with respect to language and reading, a relatively new field of study, could shed light on the foundation of an accountable method for beginning reading. Renewed insights to the controversial differences were gained, and brain physiologically accountable parameters as a base for a beginning reading method were framed from these insights. / Twee opponerende aanvangsleesbenaderings word in die skole gebruik, naamlik die fonologiese benadering en die geheelbenadering, waaronder die geheelwoord-, geheelsinen die geheeltaalmetode ressorteer. Die kern van die verskil tussen die aanvangsleesbenaderings le in aanvangslees as eksplisiete, intensiewe en sistematiese foneemonderrig, teenoor implisiete aanvangslees wat die waarneming van globale konfigurasies, aangevul deur psigolinguistiese raaiskote binne die leeskonteks, aanmoedig. In die polemiek om die beste leesmetode word argumente oor die voor- en nadele ten opsigte van die begronding van hierdie opponerende metodes reeds dekades heen en weer geslinger. Navorsingsresultate word eindeloos, sonder duidelike winste, met mekaar vergelyk. Dit het die vraag laat onstaan of navorsing ten opsigte van die breinfisiologie met betrekking tot taal en lees, 'n relatief nuwe studieveld, moontlik lig sou kon werp op die begronding van 'n verantwoordbare aanvangsleesmetode. Die literatuurstudie ten opsigte van breinfisiologie het vernuwende insigte oor die polemiese begrondingsverskille na vore gebring, en breinfisiologies-verantwoordbare parameters as basis vir 'n aanvangsleesmetode is uit hierdie insigte opgestel. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Comparison of teaching methods for initial reading at the beginning of the second grade The thesis focuses on the initial fading teaching methods. It introduces historic development of the methods used in Czech schools as well as current situation. The thesis consists of two main parts. The first part is a summary of information acquired from expert literature. The second part is practical and includes the description and conclusion of a research. The theoretical part focuses on the pre-reading stage and the effect of pre-school education on reading. It presents information about the development of particular functions, clarifies importance of development of skills necessary to master correct technique of reading and introduces factors affecting child's readiness to enter school. Chapter focused on alternative reading teaching methods is also included. The practical part describes comparison of three most frequently used methods of teaching initial reading. The aim of the thesis is to use a small scale research to evaluate general efficiency of teaching methods in relation to the level of reading skills of students. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med ökad kunskap om sju- till nioåriga elevers föreställningar om tidig läsinlärning. Studien utgår från en metodkombination där det empiriska materialet består av svar från en kvantitativ enkätundersökning varav tjugonio elever i årskurs ett och två svarat. Empirin består även av ljudupptagningar från kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta stycken av eleverna. Studien utgår från två teorier; fenomenografi och kognitiv konstruktivism. Resultatet presenterar vilka för- och nackdelar olika läsinlärningsmetoder har ur ett elevperspektiv. En resultatdiskussion har skett utifrån de valda teorierna och tidigare forskning har vägts mot det som framkommit i studien.  Resultatet visar i enlighet med tidigare forskning att elevers motivation till och framgång av läsning styr den vidare läsutvecklingen. Vad som också framhävs i studiens resultat är att kombinerade läsinlärningsmetoder främst föredras av eleverna och att de väljer utefter vilken nivå de befinner sig på i sin läsutveckling. Ytterligare något som belyses är vikten av metakognition när det handlar om läsinlärning. / The purpose of this study is to contribute with increased knowledge about what thoughts students aged seven to nine have about early reading learning. The study is based on a combination of methods where the emdata consist of answers from a quantitative survey of which of twenty-nine students in grades one and two answered. The data also contain audio recordings from qualitative interviews with eight students. The two theoretical starting points for the study are phenomenography and cognitive constructivism. The results present from a student perspective the advantages and disadvantages of different methods to learn to read. A discussion of results has taken place on the basis of the selected theories and has set previous research against what has emerged in the study. The results show, in accordance with previous research, that students' motivation for and success of reading controls the further development of reading. What is also emphasized in the results of the study is that the students mainly preferred combined reading learning methods, and that they choose according to what level they are at in their reading development. Another result that is highlighted is the importance of metacognition when it comes to learning to read.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabricia Pereira de Oliveira Dias.pdf: 4873137 bytes, checksum: 4c888242184a8c00dbdbb2e9606fc002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-30 / In the attempt of a dialogical proposal, this research report produces statements that try to register the history of literacy in the district of Serra (ES), from 1995 to 2003, period when the Bloco Único was prevailed. To do so, the work analyzes sources written by the State Department of Education (SEDU), by the Education Municipal System in Serra, besides the news found in the newspaper and the narratives of Teachers and Coordinators who act directly in the implementation and effectiveness of this project. The theoretical-methodological options Bloch (1997), Le Goff (2003), Graff (1995), Bakhtin (2006, 2010, 2010a, 2010b), Bakhtin and Volochínov (2010) allowed the dialogue with these different statements. Comparing the data regarding the Bloco Único with the voices of subjects who live such experience, this research stands out four discursive lines that permeate the implementation and implantation of the project: the discourse about school failure and teaching quality in the Espírito Santo public schools; the theoretical-methodological basis of the Bloco Único and the conceptual complexification proposed; the permanency of traditional methods regarding children s education practices; and the reduction of curricular guidelines for the appropriation of reading and writing in the Bloco Único. The analysis led to the reflection on the neoliberal context, which the cycle policies in Brazil are emerged, the school failure/success, the association between constructivism and Bloco Único, the perpetuation of traditional methods of teaching the language. After the discussions, it is found the need to hear the Education professionals at the time public policies are elaborated / Num ensaio de uma proposta dialógica, este relatório de pesquisa produz enunciados que tentam registrar a história da alfabetização no município da Serra (ES), entre 1995 e 2003, período em que vigorou o Bloco Único. Para isso, analisa fontes escritas assinadas pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação (Sedu), pelo Sistema Municipal de Educação da Serra, além de notícias de jornal impresso, fichas descritivas e narrativas de professores e coordenadora que atuaram diretamente na implantação e vigência desse projeto. As opções teórico-metodológicas Bloch (1997), Le Goff (2003), Graff (1995), Bakhtin (2006, 2010, 2010a, 2010b) e Bakhtin e Volochínov (2010) permitiram dialogar com esses diferentes enunciados. Cotejando os dados a respeito do Bloco Único com as vozes dos sujeitos que vivenciaram essa experiência, esta pesquisa evidencia quatro linhas discursivas que permearam a implantação e implementação do projeto: o discurso sobre o fracasso escolar e sobre a qualidade do ensino na escola pública capixaba; a fundamentação teórico-metodológica do Bloco Único e as complexificações conceituais propostas; a permanência de métodos tradicionais nas práticas de alfabetização infantil; e a redução das diretrizes curriculares para a apropriação da leitura e da escrita no Bloco Único. As análises conduziram à reflexão sobre o contexto neoliberal do qual emergem as políticas de ciclo no Brasil, o fracasso/sucesso escolar, a associação entre construtivismo e Bloco Único, a perpetuação dos métodos tradicionais de ensino da língua. Ao fim das discussões, constata a necessidade de se ouvir os profissionais de educação no momento de elaboração das políticas públicas

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att finna bakomliggande orsaker och faktorer som påverkar pojkar och deras läsning. Varför presterar pojkar sämre än jämngamla flickor på lästester i alla de länder där tester görs? Detta är något som otaliga undersökningar pekar på både i Sverige och internationellt. Ett barns framgång i läsning är en viktig del av dess utbildning. Har barnet problem på detta område så får det problem i alla ämnen. Huvudfrågan för detta examensarbete är således: varför presterar pojkar sämre än flickor i läsning? De delmoment som påverkar läsningen belyses ur flera vinklar i hopp om att lyfta fram en så övergripande bild som möjligt av detta fenomen. Detta är en litteraturstudie med fokus på forskning genomförd mellan 2007-2013. Undersökningen visar att den nivå ett barn når i sin läsning är resultatet av en ytterst komplicerad kombination av faktorer där hemförhållanden och motivation tycks väga tyngst. Samtidigt visar studien även att andra faktorer som ofta lyfts fram som mer eller mindre avgörande bygger på motsägelsefulla fakta.

Doctor of Philosophy / Secondary Education / Charles E. Heerman / This study is a follow-up to Al-Fadda's (2004) investigation of middle school teacher's perceptions of the importance of reading methods. The primary research question to be addressed in this study was: What are ELL and LD teachers' perceptions of the importance of specific reading strategies for their respective types of students? To address this question the researcher developed a survey with five demographic questions and 44 reading methods based on the framework of the COBRA model developed by Heerman (2002). The researcher administered the survey to public middle and junior high school ELL and LD teachers from Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas and compared the two groups' perceptions of the importance of several reading strategies. Analysis of the results showed that there was a 60% agreement rate between the two teacher groups (no significant differences) for three of the COBRA goals (background knowledge, comprehension, and study and application) and a 40% difference rate between the two teacher groups (significant differences) for two of the COBRA goals (experiential learning and vocabulary). For the 44 survey items, there was an agreement rate of 82.82%, and a difference rate of 17.18%. The researcher concludes that there were more similarities than differences between ELL teachers' and LD teachers' perceptions of the importance of the surveyed reading methods, however, there were also real differences. The researcher found justification for the belief that ELL and LD teachers should be considered specialist teachers when it comes to rating the relative importance of reading methods. ELL teachers appear to be inclined to use reading methods related to language, experience, and vocabulary methods. The results also reveal that LD teachers appear to be inclined to use reading methods related to intervention strategies with conferencing, coaching, compensatory methods, specific skills development and memory processes. In addition, the researcher noted a large number of methods with small mean differences, showing the certain levels of agreement between the two teacher groups. In terms of the five teacher variables, percentage of ELL students, percentage of low-income students and school enrollment proved to be the least active variables but the teacher variables of teachers' education levels and teachers' experience levels were more active.

The aim of this study consists of two major parts: in the first place, the goal is to show to which extent the reading behavioral patterns as well as the reading methods of children and the youth have changed and developed during the past few decades. In the second place, the focus of the study shifts to the educational situation in which German as a foreign language is being taught. Important differences between mother tongue and foreign language education are pointed out and guidelines are given concerning the usage of reading as an important skill in the process of mastering German successfully. The activity of “reading” has been an integral part of the human composition and lifestyle since the earliest days of known human existence. The reading of a vastly different range of literature enriches a person’s life in a variety of ways and influences a person’s thoughts and deeds greatly to a positive extent. The reading of different types of literature can lead to the acquirement of new knowledge as well as the development of existing knowledge, new or unknown facts and information can be discovered and reading can also be utilized for the means of pure relaxation. Quite a large number of factors have contributed during the course of the last few decades to a negative development and decline in the reading patterns as well as the reading methods of the society in general – for example, the new innovations in technology, especially the increasing usage of the computer, as well as the hustled and hurried human lifestyle in which time as a very valuable and precious commodity has become extremely limited. Mainly due to above-mentioned factors a definite decline in the reading activities of children and the youth can be observed and therefore this distressing trend forms one of the major focus points of this mini-dissertation. One of the most important and influential role players in the process of establishing an early liking and love for reading is undeniably and obviously the parental home, as well as the parents’ reading behavior and habits. Another and equally important role player in the development of desired reading behavior of children and the youth are the schools and/or other educational institutions. Consequently another focus point of this study will therefore be the reading methods, which are applied in the teaching situation and the reader in a foreign language situation, as well as the reading process which takes place during the learning of a foreign language (such as German) will specifically be taken into consideration. The latter is especially important in the South African context, because German in this country is mainly being taught as a foreign language. Reading as one of the four main skills (reading; listening; speaking; writing) required in the process of learning a new (foreign) language has been a subject of scientific research since the beginning of the 20th century. In the past few decades a variety of studies in the fields of sociology, didactics and linguistics have been undertaken and the diverse theories that have resulted from these studies are a prominent fact. The interest in the reading habits of children and the youth has been rekindled during the recent decade or two and in-depth studies have indicated to which extent learners’ reading skills not only influence their ability to master a foreign language, but also contribute to the learning of other study material as well. Studies that were undertaken in Germany were mainly being made use of during the research process of this mini-dissertation, in view of the fact that the focus of the material is of course German as a foreign language. The method of research, which was applied in this mini-dissertation, is mainly a literature study and analysis. Several theories concerning the reading habits and reading behavior and/or –disposition of children and the youth towards the various forms of literature, the sociology of different reading types and the importance of the development of reading skills in especially the teaching of German as a foreign language are being investigated, analysed, discussed and compared in the various chapters. Relevant and timely information has been obtained from a comprehensive range of literary sources. Books, magazine articles, reference books as well as the internet (especially concerning the results of the most recent studies being done in German schools) have been used extensively to gather relevant information, which have consequently been compiled in such a way that for example teachers could consult and utilise this mini-dissertation in a practical and useful manner, wherever applicable. / Dissertation (MA (German))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Modern European Languages / unrestricted

Education researchers have documented that first-year teachers are often less effective at reading instruction than their more experienced peers. Accordingly, this qualitative, comparative case study was designed to assess the instructional skills and strategies utilized by first-year and experienced teachers using Danielson's Framework for Teaching as the conceptual framework. The research questions were used to examine two groups of teachers using the framework and the Teacher's College Reading and Writing Project's defined levels of performance for effective reading instruction. The goal was to identify the instructional differences between the two groups of teachers. Purposeful sampling was used to select 3 first-year and 3 experienced teachers at the 4th or 5th grade levels from 3 different schools across 3 districts in a midwestern state. Data from lesson plans, observations, and interviews were analyzed using an open coding process, followed by axial coding using the Danielson framework to determine the themes of the study. The results indicated that the novice teachers had not developed automaticity in any of the domains of the Danielson Framework. The most challenging domain for novice teachers was instruction, especially communicating with students and using assessment during instruction to meet students' needs. A curriculum plan project consisting of a reading methods course and clinical component was constructed for a local college using the identified underdeveloped skills of novice teachers as actionable data that shaped the development of the plan. Positive social change might be realized as the goal of the plan is to improve teacher quality upon program completion, develop automaticity in reading instruction, and increase K-12 literacy achievement.