This research paper aimed to study how to make a scary horror game and what in turn makes these games scary. This study utilizes an original game called The House specifically designed and created by us. This is done in order to study the effects of implementing level design and navigation patterns and horror game design theories in an original horror game on player behaviour and reaction in relation to these theories. The study was done with the use of 10 participants, who each took part in a 15 minute play session, and were later interviewed using the data gathering method stimulated recall. The result of the study shows that level design had no significant effect on the amount of fear that the participants expressed. The implementation of proven horror game design theories proved successful at contributing to the general horror experience, and combining elements of level design and horror game theories in horror game design proved successful at scaring the participants. / Denna forskningsstudie syftade till att studera hur man skapar och designar ett skrämmande skräckspel och vad som gör ett skräckspel skräckinjagande. Denna studie använder ett originellt spel vid namn The House som var specifikt utformat och skapat av oss. Detta gjordes för att studera effekterna av implementering av nivå design och navigationsmönster samt skräckspelsteorier på spelarens beteende och reaktion i relation till dessa teorier. Studien gjordes med användning av 10 deltagare, som var och en deltog i en 15-minuters spelsession och intervjuades senare med hjälp av datainsamlingsmetoden stimulated recall. Resultatet av studien visar att nivådesign inte hade någon signifikant effekt på mängden rädsla som deltagarna uttryckte. Implementeringen av beprövade teorier om skräckspelsdesign visade sig framgångsrika då de bidrog till den allmänna skräckupplevelsen, och att kombinera element av nivådesign och skräckspelsteorier i skräckspelsdesign visade sig mycket framgångsrika att skrämma deltagarna.

Colour coding is seen in various forms throughout different types of media and in reallife. This study focuses on what effect colour coded visuals can have on a player in avideo game, using lights and environments deliberately coloured in a specific way togain the players attention. Results suggest that colour coding aids the player inunderstanding where to go in the game and what something means. Participantsexpressing their ability to traverse levels in the game with ease thanks to theirunderstanding of what a colour may imply. The participants selected for the test havevaried in skill, age and gender to avoid any form of bias. Further prevention of biaswas done through the between-subjects method where the subjects always started on arandom level. / Färgkodning ses i olika former inom media och verkliga livet. Denna studie fokuserarpå vad för effekt färgkodade visuella element kan ha på en spelare i ett videospel, medhjälp av ljus och miljö i ett videospel med avsiktlig färgkodning för att vägledaspelaren och fånga dennes uppmärksamhet. Resultaten föreslår att färgkodning hjälperspelaren att förstå vart de ska gå i datorspelet, samt vad något betyder. Deltagare anseratt deras förmåga att ta sig igenom spelets nivåer var enkelt tack vare deras förståelseav vad en färg kan antyda. Deltagarna valda för studien varierade i förmåga, ålder ochkön för att förhindra någon form av partiskhet. Vidare förebyggande av partiskhetgjordes via mellan-deltagare metoden, där deltagare startade på en slumpad nivå.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och bidra med kunskap om hur undervisningen om likhetstecknets innebörd kan se ut i ett svenskt klassrum. Det som undersöks är hur en lärare skapar möjlighet för eleverna att urskilja kritiska aspekter av likhetstecknets innebörd genom variationsmönster. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom stimulated recall i en åk 2 med en lärare som har tio års arbetslivserfarenhet som lärare vid ett undervisningstillfälle. Analysen av datamaterialet gjordes med inspiration från variationsteorin. Resultatet visade att fyra kritiska aspekter gjordes möjliga för eleverna att urskilja. Detta gjordes genom olika variationsmönster som skapades genom användandet av öppna utsagor och olika representationsformer. / The aim of this study is to research and bring knowledge about how the meaning of the equality sign can be taught in a Swedish classroom. The research focuses on how a teacher creates possibilities for the students to discern critical aspects of the meaning of the equality sign through patterns of variation. The data was collected by using stimulated recall during one lesson in a year 2 classroom with a teacher who has been working as a teacher for ten years. The collected material was analysed with inspiration from the variation theory. The result shows that four critical aspects were made visible to the students. This was done through dif- ferent patterns of variation that was created by the use of different forms of representation.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och bidra med kunskap om hur undervisningen om likhetstecknets innebörd kan se ut i ett svenskt klassrum. Det som undersöks är hur en lärare skapar möjlighet för eleverna att urskilja kritiska aspekter av likhetstecknets innebörd genom variationsmönster. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom stimulated recall i en åk 2 med en lärare som har tio års arbetslivserfarenhet som lärare vid ett undervisningstillfälle. Analysen av datamaterialet gjordes med inspiration från variationsteorin. Resultatet visade att fyra kritiska aspekter gjordes möjliga för eleverna att urskilja. Detta gjordes genom olika variationsmönster som skapades genom användandet av öppna utsagor och olika representationsformer. / The equality sign means that it should be the same, end of discus-sion. -A study about how students are given possibilities to discern critical aspects of the meaning of theequality sign The aim of this study is to research and bring knowledge about how the meaning of the equality sign can be taught in a Swedish classroom. The research focuses on how a teacher creates possibilities for the students to discern critical aspects of the meaning of the equality sign through patterns of variation. The data was collected by using stimulated recall during one lesson in a year 2 classroom with a teacher who has been working as a teacher for ten years. The collected material was analysed with inspiration from the variation theory. The result shows that four critical aspects were made visible to the students. This was done through dif-ferent patterns of variation that was created by the use of different forms of representation.

No description available.

Yes / Background: The face-name association technique (FNAT) is commonly used to investigate name recall in nonpathologic aging. This technique is appropriate for studying anomia, but the pure-list technique, in which participants see only names and do not need to form face-name associations, might be more appropriate for studying age-related name recall. Methods: Experiment 1 recruited 60 adults (30 younger and 30 older adults) to participate in the FNAT recognition task of 30 common and 30 uncommon names. In experiment 2, the same number and demographic of participants attempted to recall 30 common and 30 uncommon names. Both experiments utilized measurements of overall recall across 5 trials and a delayed recognition or recall trial. Measures of encoding (gained access) and consolidation (lost access) were also taken for the 5 initial trials in both experiments. Older participants received 50% extra study and recognition/recall time. Results: The FNAT experiment revealed an age-related episodic memory deficit for names. However, in cued recall, encoding, consolidation, retention/retrieval, and false alarm tests, older adults were significantly better than younger adults at recalling uncommon names, as opposed to common names. This lends support to the inhibition theory of name recall. Conversely, our second experiment revealed no age effect on any factors of name memory functioning, supporting node structure theory. Conclusions: The results of our experiments support previous findings that suggest an age-related deficit in name recall, but only in cases of anomia. Therefore, the FNAT methodology may be inappropriate for studying age-related name recall. It is possible that names are stored in the memory differently from nouns. We challenge the belief that older adults are significantly less able to recall names compared with other word types, which has implications for both memory self-efficacy questionnaires and research into eye-witness testimonies.

This study explored the effects of lecture speech rate and duration on L1 Chinese listeners' listening comprehension of online L2 English lectures on free-recall and cued-recall questions. There are many factors that may affect a Chinese listener's listening comprehension of online English lectures. The current study focused specifically on the effects of speech rate and duration, and explored the possibility of identifying tools that listeners might use to control these factors during online lectures in order to achieve better learning experiences. Using an exploratory quasi-experimental approach, this study explored the research questions in three phases: 1) An initial quasi-experiment was conducted via Qualtrics and applied as a pilot study; 2) The quasi-experiment was revised, with a new link sent out to potential participants from both the United States and China; and 3) Quasi-experiment responses were collected and analyzed. Based on 28 participant responses, the findings from the current study suggest that the interaction between speech rate and duration impacted L1 Chinese listener's comprehension of online L2 English lectures. The findings also suggest that study participants' responses on various types of questions were affected differently by the speech rate and duration of the lectures. / Doctor of Philosophy / It is assumed that the slower and the shorter the listening material is, the better the foreign language learner's listening comprehension will be. Is this true? This study explored how a lecture's speech rate and duration may affect L1 Chinese listeners' listening comprehension of online L2 English lectures on free-recall and cued-recall questions. It discusses the possibility of identifying tools for listeners to control the speech rate and duration of online lectures in order to help listeners achieve better learning experiences. Using an exploratory quasi-experimental approach, this study explored the research questions in three phases: 1) An initial quasi-experiment was conducted via Qualtrics and applied as a pilot study; 2) The quasi-experiment was revised, with a new link sent out to potential participants from both the United States and China; and 3) Quasi-experiment responses were collected and analyzed. Based on 28 participant responses, the findings from the current study suggest that speech rate and duration worked together to impact L1 Chinese listeners' comprehension of online L2 English lectures. The findings also suggest that study participants' responses on various types of questions were affected differently by the speech rate and duration of the lectures.

I föreliggande studie är syftet att studera några högskolelärares upptattningar angående-, innebörden av och arbete med en sopranklang på en högskolenivå. Tidigare litteratur och forskning visar på olika svar om hur begreppet kan användas, innebörden av begreppet samt nyanseringen av begreppen klang, timbre och klangfärg. Arbetet är kvalitativt och utgår från det teoretiska perspektivet designteori och socialsemiotik. Metoden som används är stimulated recall-intervjuer som i föreliggande fall innebär en videoobservation av en sånglektion och ett intervjutillfälle där läraren i en semistrukturerad intervju berättar om uppfattningar och arbete med en vacker klang, med videon som underlag för intervjun. Resultatet delas in teman om uppfattningar om och arbetet med klang. Gällande uppfattningar angående klang framkommer att klang ses som en medfödd, utvecklingsbar och kommunikativ förmåga samt som ett ej användbart begrepp. Resultatet visar att Arbetet med klangen utgår ifrån verbala, sångliga, fysiska och känslomässiga representationer. I diskussionen diskuteras aspekten om en vacker klang kan tyckas vara medfödd eller utvecklingsbar. Även vikten av multimodalitet i arbetet med klang diskuteras. I diskussionen lyfts även aspekter av arbetet med klang som direkt eller indirekt eller som ett fysiskt fenomen kontra ett abstrakt fenomen. / This study is about the soprano timbre, how university teachers defines the term and how the work with it in teaching. Previous research presented different answers about the meaning of the term timbre. It’s a qualitative study and based on the theoretical perspective design theory and social semiotic. The method used is stimulated recall interviews, which in the present case is both a video observation of a singing lesson and an interview occasion where the teachers are interviewed one by one. The interview is semi-structured and the teachers got to tell about their opinion about a beautiful sound, and the work with timbre. The video is used as a basis for the interview. The result is divided into the categories "The opinion of" and "the work with" timbre.The opinion of timbre is also divided into the headings: sound as innate, developable and communicative ability and also the term timbre being not useful. The work with the timbre is based on verbal, singable, physical and emotional representations. In the discussion, the aspect is further discussed if a beautiful sound can seem to be innate or developable, as well as the multimodality and its resources. The discussion also discusses aspects of the work with the sound as direct or indirect or as a physical phenomenon versus an abstract phenomenon. In addition, the beautiful timbre of the multimodality is discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea da Silva Souza Sanchez.pdf: 1371123 bytes, checksum: e69fd6c16ebf2a67e71c0cfc9c4adc87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Brazilian society when following the increase of recall campaigns has associated the raising of such introduction in the market place of products and services as interpreted as a high level of danger and hazardousness to the health and well being safety of consumers. A better comprehension of such issue, has this work getting started as a brief rescue of Law history on health and safety towards the end consumer, inserted in social Law and its fundaments on Law in the country, through the identification of participant responsible for its ruling, monitoring and control measures on the Recall itself. We are focused in limiting the issue specially in understanding, acquiring a concept and its improvement on ruling recall campaigns towards Consumer Protection Code, focusing on the duty to inform suppliers of the articles 8th to 10 on Law nº. 8.078/90, which deals with protection towards health and consumer´s safety. Aiming to demonstrate how current public policies are towards it in this country, the improvement of such Policies will enable growth of campaigns, rule lists and action under the responsibility of the increment of the institute, always recognizing how it is done, specially under the comparing task of the government actions in Brazil and in other countries, by investing high technology in scientific research granting a higher protection possibility to consumers / A sociedade brasileira, ao acompanhar o aumento do número das campanhas de recall, por vezes o tem associado ao aumento da introdução no mercado de consumo de produtos e serviços como alto grau de nocividade e periculosidade à saúde e segurança dos consumidores. Para melhor compreensão da relevância da matéria, o trabalho se inicia com um breve resgate histórico do direito a saúde e segurança do consumidor, inseridos como direito social e fundamental no ordenamento jurídico do País, passando pela identificação dos atores responsáveis pela normatização, monitoramento e fiscalização do recall. Preocupamo-nos a delimitar o tema exclusivamente a entender, conceituar e analisar a evolução de sua regulamentação das campanhas de recall disciplinadas pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor, dando ênfase ao dever de informar dos fornecedores disposto nos artigos 8º ao 10 da Lei nº. 8.078/90, que tratam da proteção à saúde e segurança dos consumidores. Com o intuito de demonstrar quão recentes são as políticas públicas de proteção à saúde e segurança do consumidor no País, cujo aprimoramento possibilitará um crescimento ainda maior dão quantidade de campanhas, foram listados regramentos e ações responsáveis pelo incremento do instituto sem, no entanto deixar de reconhecer o quanto há por ser feito, especialmente pela comparação da evolução das atuações governamentais do Brasil com a de outros países, que contam com investimento em alta tecnologia e pesquisa científica que garantem maior grau de proteção aos consumidores

<p>The intention of the essay was to see what Web users’ comprehension might be when watching four videos that are published on the Swedish Government’s Web site. One video contains an interview with Lena Hallengren, Minister for Youth Affairs of the Swedish Government, and in the other three Ulrica Messing, Minister for Communications and Regional Affairs of the same government, gives speeches about the governmental issues she is responsible for. </p><p>The comprehensions that were examined are those concerning the forms of presentation of the videos, the ministers’ appearances, the videos abilities to create and maintain the Web site visitors’ interest, and the visitors’ behaviours and conducts while being in contact with the Web site. The examination was carried out with the Stimulated Recall method, where the respondents’ memory of what they thought while they visited the Web site and watched the videos were collected, along with an interview where they interpreted what they had seen. </p><p>The analysis of the data was based on the theories of Marshall McLuhan, Jay D. Bolter & Richard Grusin, and Jacob Nielsen, which contain ideas about how new media incorporate older media, and how Web users comprehend and behave in their contact with the Internet. </p><p>The conclusion was that the respondents had low interest in Lena Hallengren’s video because it was too long and made them inactive. Ulrica Messing’s appearance in her videos made two of the respondents think that she was a poor performer, while the third respondent liked what she saw because she was interested in what Ulrica Messing said.</p> / <p>Syftet med uppsatsen var att se vilken uppfattning webbplatsbesökare kan ha när de ser fyra videofilmer som finns på regeringskansliets webbplats. En videofilm innehåller en intervju med Lena Hallengren, ungdomsminister i regeringen, och i de övriga tre talar Ulrica Messing, infrastrukturminister, om de politikområden hon är ansvarig för. </p><p>De uppfattningar som undersöktes var de som handlar om filmernas presentationsform, ministrarnas framträdanden, filmernas förmåga att skapa och upprätthålla intresse hos webbplatsbesökarna, och besökarnas beteenden och förhållningssätt vid kontakten med webbplatsen. Undersökningen utfördes med Stimulated Recall-metoden, där respondenternas minne av vad de tänkte när de besökte webbplatsen och såg filmerna samlades in, tillsammans med en intervju där de tolkade vad de hade sett.</p><p>Resultatanalysen baserades på Marshall McLuhans, Jay D. Bolter & Richard Grusins, och Jacob Nielsens teorier, som innehåller idéer om hur nya medier införlivar gamla medier, och hur Internetanvändare uppfattar och beter sig i kontakten med Internet.</p><p>Slutsatsen var att respondenterna hade ett lågt intresse för Lena Hallengrens film, eftersom var för lång och gjorde dem passiva. Ulrica Messings framträdande i sina filmer gjorde att två av respondenterna tyckte att hon var dålig i sitt framträdande, medan den tredje respondenten gillade det hon såg eftersom hon var intresserad av det som Ulrica Messing sa.</p>