Esta tese tem por objeto o processo de regionalização das ações de média complexidade e da oferta de próteses dentárias no âmbito da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB). Foram realizadas duas pesquisas fundamentais para o entendimento desse processo: a primeira esteve voltada para o levantamento da descrição da oferta de ações especializadas e de próteses dentárias nos Planos Diretores de Regionalização (PDR) nas 27 unidades federadas do país. A segunda pesquisa verificou a cobertura por Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESBs) na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e a distribuição dos 844 Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEOs) e dos 526 Laboratórios Regionais de Próteses Dentárias (LRPDs) implantados até setembro de 2010 nas regiões de saúde do Brasil dos 27 estados da federação. Essas pesquisas permitiram concluir que: os PDRs, na grande maioria dos estados brasileiros, não contribuíram para a organização regionalizada da distribuição de CEOs e LRPDs no Brasil. A cobertura por Equipes de Saúde Bucal é heterogênea, com predominância da Região Nordeste e dos municípios de pequeno porte, em detrimento das capitais e dos estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste. No tocante à distribuição das unidades CEO e LRPD pelas regiões de saúde, a pesquisa mostrou que os critérios normativos para a seleção dos municípios a sediarem essas unidades vêm sendo cumpridos de forma precária na maior parte do país. Além disso, a distribuição dessas unidades não apresenta coerência com os princípios da regionalização prevista pelo Pacto de Gestão do SUS. / This thesis analyzes the process of regionalization of medium complexity actions and the supply of dental prostheses in the National Oral Health Policy (PNSB). Two main surveys were made for the understanding of this process: the first was aimed at describing the offer of specialized actions and dental prostheses according to the Regionalization Master Plans (PDR) in 27 federal units of the country. The second study examined the coverage by Oral Health Teams (ESBs) in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) and the distribution of 844 Specialized Dental Centers (CEOs) of 526 Regional Laboratories of Dental Prostheses (LRPDs) deployed by September 2010 in the Brazilian health regions in 27 states. These surveys showed that: the PDRs, in the vast majority of Brazilian states, have not contributed to the organization of regionalized distribution of CEOs and LRPDs in Brazil. Coverage by ESBs is heterogeneous, mostly in the Northeastern Region and in small towns, at the expense of the capital and the Southern and Southeastern states. Regarding the distribution of CEO and LRPD units by health regions, the survey showed that the normative criteria for the selection of municipalities to settle these units have been precariously completed in most of the country. Moreover, the distribution of those units is not consistent with the regionalization principles provided by the SUS Management Pact.

Os conceitos básicos para a definição de gestão: o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e gestão integrada de recursos hídricos. A gestão integrada de recursos hídricos de acordo com o conceito de bacias hidrográficas. A bacia hidrográfica como uma unidade de gestão, planejamento e análise. As políticas federal e estadual de São Paulo em recursos hídricos implementadas nas bacias hidrográficas dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí (PCJ) entre 1993 e 2006. O Consórcio dos rios PCJ. O Comitê Estadual das Bacias Hidrográficas dos rios PCJ em São Paulo. O Comitê Federal de Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Piracicaba. A Agência de Bacia dos rios PCJ. Os Comitês de Bacia dos rios PCJ. A cobrança da água. A caracterização da bacia hidrográfica dos rios PCJ. Os principais planos e relatórios elaborados: Plano Nacional Dos Recurso Hídricos (PNRH); Plano Estadual dos Recursos Hídricos (PERH); Plano Integrado de Aproveitamento dos Recursos Hídricos das bacias do Alto Tietê, Piracicaba e Baixada Santista (1993-1997) ? Consórcio Hidroplan; Relatório Zero ? da UGRHI 05 ? CETEC; Plano de Bacia CBH-PCJ (2000-2003) ? COPLAENGE; Relatório HUM da BH-PCJ ( 2002- 2003) ? IRRIGART; Plano de Bacia CBH-PCJ (2004-2007) ? SHS Consultoria. Ações relevantes conduzidas pelos Comitês PCJ, as ações aprovadas pelos Comitês e contidas nas Atas dos comitês entre 1993 e 2006. A classificação das deliberações e dos projetos aprovados nas atas e dos projetos enviados para o FEHIDRO ( Fundo Estadual de recursos Hídricos) pelo comitês. Considerações finais: as ações relevantes dos comitês PCJ são analisadas à luz da gestão integrada de bacias hidrográficas. São indicadas perspectivas e desafios desses comitês. / The key concepts for the definition of management: the concept of sustainable development and integrated management of water resources. The integrated management of water resources according to the concept of river basins. The river basin as a management, planning and analysis unit. The federal and the State politics on water resources implemented in the river basins of Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiai (PCJ) Rivers in São Paulo between 1993 and 2006. The Consortium of PCJ rivers. The State river basin Committee of the PCJ Rivers in São Paulo. The Federal river basin Committee of the Piracicaba river. The Agency of basin of the PCJ Rivers. The PCJ river basins Committees. The charge for water. The PCJ river basin description. The main plans and reports elaborated: The National Plan of River Resources (PNRH); The State Plan of River Resources of São Paulo (PERH); The Integrated Plan of the Use of River Resources in the Alto Tietê, Piracicaba and Baixada Santista river basins (1993-1997) ? HIDROPLAN; The Zero Report of the UGRHI 05 (CETEC); The PCJ River Basin Plan (COPLAENGE); The ONE Report of PCJ River Basin (IRRIGART); The Plan of the PCJ River Basin (SHS CONSULTORIA). Relevant actions led by the PCJ Committees, the actions approved by the Committees and included in the Acts of the Committees between 1993 and 2006, The classification of the deliberations and projects approved in the acts and the projects sent to the FEHIDRO (Fundo Estadual de Recursos Hídricos) by the Committees. Final statements: The relevant actions of the PCJ Committees are analyzed in the light of the integrated management of river basins. Perspectives and challenges of these committees are shown.

<p>This study examines how the Roman emperors <i>c</i>. AD. 260–295 attempt at maintaining their power-bases through legitimation of their claims to power, with reference to various potentially powerful groups of society, such as the military, the inhabitants of the provinces and the senate in Rome. The purpose has been to discern the development of ‘Roman imperial ideology’ in an age which has frequently been referred to as an ‘age of military anarchy.’ Focus is on how claims to power could be expressed through visual media. Of such media, mainly the coins struck for the emperors <i>c</i>. AD 260-295 have been studied. A close investigation has been made of the iconography of these coins. Furthermore, the ways in which coin-images are modified and combined with various legends are studied. An additional purpose of this investigation has been to provide a comment on the general potential of conveying visual imagery and messages on objects such as coins and medallions. </p><p>The study argues that novel, intricate and multi-layered images were created on the coins struck for the emperors <i>c</i>. AD 260-295. Furthermore, it is suggested that these coin-images were created to assume the function of larger-scale expressions of imperial authority, such as triumphal arches and imperial statues. This adaption of coinage was made because there was a need for intensified communication of imperial authority. This need arose due to the incessant warfare of the age, and a process of regionalization of the empire, which was connected to this warfare. The conclusion is that these coins provide an illustration of the development of the Roman empire in the second half of the third century. This was a development by which the city of Rome lost its importance in favour of regional capitals, and ultimately in favour of Constantinople.</p>

This study examines how the Roman emperors c. AD. 260–295 attempt at maintaining their power-bases through legitimation of their claims to power, with reference to various potentially powerful groups of society, such as the military, the inhabitants of the provinces and the senate in Rome. The purpose has been to discern the development of ‘Roman imperial ideology’ in an age which has frequently been referred to as an ‘age of military anarchy.’ Focus is on how claims to power could be expressed through visual media. Of such media, mainly the coins struck for the emperors c. AD 260-295 have been studied. A close investigation has been made of the iconography of these coins. Furthermore, the ways in which coin-images are modified and combined with various legends are studied. An additional purpose of this investigation has been to provide a comment on the general potential of conveying visual imagery and messages on objects such as coins and medallions. The study argues that novel, intricate and multi-layered images were created on the coins struck for the emperors c. AD 260-295. Furthermore, it is suggested that these coin-images were created to assume the function of larger-scale expressions of imperial authority, such as triumphal arches and imperial statues. This adaption of coinage was made because there was a need for intensified communication of imperial authority. This need arose due to the incessant warfare of the age, and a process of regionalization of the empire, which was connected to this warfare. The conclusion is that these coins provide an illustration of the development of the Roman empire in the second half of the third century. This was a development by which the city of Rome lost its importance in favour of regional capitals, and ultimately in favour of Constantinople.

The incorporation of consumption-oriented activities into rural space can be observed in the appearance of newly valued rural amenities and the increasing frequency and popularity of culinary tourism destination marketing. In exploring the relationships between local food and culinary tourism, this research sought to better understand the impact of culinary tourism on the production and consumption of local food in Prince Edward County, ON. Interviews revealed that opportunities presented by culinary tourism are a prime motivation for restaurants to engage in the local food system, and that local food producers are less tied to their restaurant linkages than to alternative marketing channels owing to high levels of product substitutability and the opportunity costs associated with direct exchange. Additionally, it was observed that culinary tourism both inherently and paradoxically contributes to expansion of local food systems beyond regional boundaries, giving rise to a discussion on the positioning of local food as an alternative or complementary component to the globalized food system.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:51:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCA_DISSERT.pdf: 2869449 bytes, checksum: 456d8a728060ae2ec23e1b48b543aa5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Com o crescimento da atividade tur?stica nas cidades brasileiras, surge a necessidade de ferramentas que possam ordenar o desenvolvimento da atividade de maneira eficiente e eficaz. Tal necessidade leva ? preocupa??o de elabora??o de diagn?sticos que auxiliem os destinos na pr?tica do turismo, principalmente quando dados identificam falhas no planejamento e gest?o municipal nos destinos tur?sticos em n?vel nacional. Nesse contexto, o Estado brasileiro interv?m na ?rea, atrav?s da elabora??o de pol?ticas de turismo. Com isso, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar os munic?pios participantes dos cinco Polos Tur?sticos do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte , a fim de identificar fatores que possam influenciar na implementa??o ou n?o das sete a??es municipais sugeridas pelo Minist?rio do Turismo, contidas no Programa de Regionaliza??o do Turismo. Para a realiza??o da pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo explorat?rio-descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, a partir da coleta de dados em 49 munic?pios pesquisados, sendo o question?rio estruturado, fonte de instrumento de pesquisa. Atrav?s dos dados coletados verificou-se que, de modo geral, os munic?pios conseguem atender as sugest?es relativas ? estrutura institucional. Referente ao planejamento e execu??o de a??es tur?sticas, os munic?pios ainda n?o realizam as a??es sugeridas em sua totalidade, e quando verificado quais os poss?veis fatores que levam a essa n?o realiza??o, identificou-se oito dimens?es poss?veis para tal questionamento, bem como a posi??o de cada munic?pio em rela??o ?s dimens?es. Conclui-se que, de forma geral, os munic?pios se encontram entre as posi??es intermedi?ria e menos favor?vel, o que indica que para a realiza??o das a??es municipais estes ainda necessitam de melhores desempenhos

Le recours croissant à des anticipations stratégiques territorialisées, participatives et mobilisatrices comme étapes du processus d’élaboration des politiques publiques territoriales, par le Conseil régional de Bretagne, le Gouvernement du Pays-de-Galles et le Gouvernement du Québec, peut être analysé comme un investissement, par ces pouvoirs territoriaux « intermédiaires », d'un champ jusqu'alors réservé à l’État central et aux élus nationaux : la promesse du futur. Dans un contexte de remise en question du modèle de l’État-Providence centralisé, accentué par la crise économique et la crise de la dette de la fin des années 2000, la capacité et la légitimité politique des États centraux à garantir la prospérité territoriale et l'espoir d'un futur meilleur se sont étiolées. Les administrations régionales – au sens large – investissent donc cet espace désormais disponible pour mettre en avant une vision infranationale du futur et du territoire, tant auprès de la population que des partenaires de l'action publique. Les démarches d’anticipation stratégique étudiées produisent et reproduisent des discours sur la vision du futur et du territoire, sur le sens de l’action publique et des institutions régionales. Ces registres participent tous d’un investissement de l’avenir par le pouvoir politique, c’est-à-dire d’une économie politique du temps. L’approche par l’investissement politique du futur permet donc d’étudier la fabrique et le gouvernement d’un territoire politique. Les récits projectifs territorialisés que nous avons pu étudier articulent en effet plusieurs dimensions de la légitimation d’un espace politique : un processus de circonscription du territoire (territory making process), un processus de mobilisation d’une communauté territoriale (community making process), et un processus de redéfinition de la dynamique et de l’espace de la légitimité (polity defining process). Cette perspective de recherche permet d’étudier plusieurs dimensions du changement : la transformation interne des espaces politiques nationaux, la convergence internationale de l’action publique infranationale, et enfin la redistribution de l’autorité politique dans des États Nations en recomposition. / The increasing use of spatialized, collaborative and mobilizing strategic anticipations as steps of the public policy process by the Regional Council of Brittany, the Welsh Government and the Government of Quebec can be seen as an investment, by these "intermediate" territorial powers, of a field hitherto monopolized by central States and national representatives: the promise of the future. In a context of reconfiguration of centralized Welfare State’s model, accentuated by the economic crisis and the debt crisis of the late 2000s, the central states' capacity and political legitimacy to guarantee territorial prosperity and the hope for a better future has subsided. Regional administrations - in a broad sense - are therefore investing this space now available to put forward a sub-national vision of the future and of the territory, both among the population and the partners of the public action. The strategic anticipation processes studied produce and reproduce discourses on the vision of the future and territory, on the meaning of public action and regional institutions. These narratives are all caracterized by a political investment of the future, that is to say, a political economy of time. The approach by the notion of political investment of the future therefore helps to achieve a better understanding of the making-process and governing-process of a political space. Spatialized projective narratives that we have been able to study articulate several dimensions of the legitimization process: a territory-making process, a community-making process, and a polity defining process. This research perspective helps to study several dimensions of change: the internal transformation of national political spaces, the international convergence of subnational public action, and finally the redistribution of political authority in changing Nation-States.

Abstract This thesis describes the development of a new precipitation index-based conceptual water balance model with parameters easily regionalized through the functional relationship with catchment and climate attributes. It also presents a simple method for improving model dynamics for streamflow simulations in a non-stationary climate. The model was developed for streamflow modelling and prediction in high-latitude catchments, where model parameter regionalization is difficult due to limited availability of hydrological data for the region. The model couples a snow accumulation and melt formulation with a current precipitation index (CPI) formulation to simulate daily precipitation in runoff hydrograph pattern from catchments with seasonal snow cover. Using new runoff conversion factors CT and Lf, and a threshold flow factor ThQ, the simulated CPI hydrograph is converted into daily runoff and routed using the transformation function Maxbas. The model was developed in Microsoft Excel workbook and tested in 32 catchments in Finland, a region with considerable seasonal snow cover. The results showed that the model can adequately simulate and reproduce the dynamics of daily runoff from catchments where the underlying physical conditions are not known. In addition, incorporating temperature conditions influencing inter-annual variability in streamflow into the model structure improved its structural dynamics, thereby improving its performance in a non-stationary climate. Most model parameters showed strong relationships with observable catchment characteristics, climate characteristics, or both. The parameter functional relationships derived from the model parameter-catchment relationships produced equally good model results when applied to independent test catchments used as mock-ungauged catchments. Inclusion of snow-water equivalent records and use of multiple objective functions for snow-water equivalent and runoff simulations during model optimization helped reduce the effect of parameter equifinality, making it easier to determine optimal parameter values. The current precipitation index (CPIsnow) model is a parsimonious tool for predicting streamflow in data-limited high-latitude regions. / Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja käsittelee yksinkertaisen sadantaan perustuvan konseptuaalisen vesitasemallin kehitystä ja soveltamista boreaalisille valuma-alueille sekä malliin liittyvää alueellista parametrisointia valuma-alueominaisuuksien ja ilmastoaineiston perusteella. Hydrologinen malli on luotu laskemaan ja ennustamaan valuntaa pohjoisille valuma-alueille, joilta on vähän hydrologista tietoa. Malli yhdistää lumen kertymisen ja sulannan tunnettuun sadantaindeksiin perustuvaan malliin (CPI) ja edelleen simuloi päivittäisen hydrografin valuma-alueille, joilla on selkeä lumipeitteinen ajanjakso. Malli laskee MaxBas funktion avulla CPI:llä muodostetun hydrografin päivittäiseksi valunnaksi valuntaan liittyvien malliparametrien CT ja Lf sekä virtaaman kynnysarvon ThQ avulla. Malli kehitettiin Excel-ympäristössä ja sitä testattiin 32 valuma-alueella Suomessa. Valuma-alueet edustivat maantieteellisesti kattavasti alueita, joilla esiintyy tyypillisesti kausittainen lumipeite. Saadut tulokset osoittivat, että kehitetty malli simuloi ja tuottaa päivittäisen valunnan riittävällä tarkkuudella valuma-alueille, vaikka hydrologista ja fysikaalista tietoa alueilta olisi niukasti. Useimmat malliparametrit olivat vahvasti riippuvaisia joko valuma-alue ominaisuuksista tai ilmastollisista parametreista tai molemmista. Parametrien funktionaalinen yhteys muodostettiin valuma-alueiden ominaisuuksien perusteella ja testattiin riippumattomalla valuma-aluejoukolla hyvin tuloksin. Malliparametrien samatavoitteellisuutta eli ekvifinaliteettiä voitiin vähentää huomioimalla mallissa lumen vesiarvomittaukset sekä hyödyntämällä useita parametrisia funktioita. Tällöin myös optimaalisten parametrien löytyminen nopeutui ja helpottui. Tämän väitöstyön pohjalta syntynyt uusi sadannan indeksiin pohjautuva laskentamalli (CPIsnow) mahdollistaa valunnan arvioinnin pieniltä valuma-alueilta, joilta on niukasti aineistoa saatavilla ja joissa lumen sulanta ja kertyminen ovat keskeisiä hydrologisia prosesseja.

No Sistema Único de Saúde a regionalização é considerada uma macroestratégia para a organização dos serviços de saúde em um dado território. Sua implementação pressupõe a conformação de sistemas funcionais e hierarquizados que garantam a universalidade, a integralidade, a equidade e resolutividade aos usuários. Na assistência hospitalar, dada a complexidade dos serviços e o pequeno porte da maioria dos municípios brasileiros que não dispõem de condições para ofertar todos os níveis de complexidade em seu território, a regionalização assume relevância na organização dessa rede. O presente estudo busca analisar, sob à perspectiva da regionalização, os fluxos de serviços hospitalares em municípios da Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio do perfil das internações e mobilidade de usuários no período 2000 a 2006. Caracteriza-se como epidemiológico, descritivo e exploratório para o qual se utilizou o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares,associado ao Plano Diretor de Regionalização (PDR) elaborado pela Secretaria Estadual da Saúde como documento que expressa a política e o desenho da regionalização, possibilitou uma análise espacial das microrregiões e macrorregiões às quais pertencem os municípios, através do geoprocessamento das internações hospitalares. A análise da capacidade instalada, do perfil e do fluxo das internações não aponta para a ampliação do acesso às ações e serviços de saúde hospitalares entre os municípios no período estudado. A resolutividade e algumas especificidades encontradas demonstram potencial para aumentar o desempenho dos municípios, como a adoção de políticas públicas que incidam no modelo de atenção desenvolvido pelo município. Há necessidade de reavaliação e readequação permanente do processo de regionalização, a refletir os avanços conquistados e as necessidades e dificuldades persistentes. Propõe-se uma maior coordenação e integração entre os instrumentos organizativos da regionalização: PDR, PPI e PDI. A regionalização como princípio organizacional do SUS, não pode prescindir da união, da participação e do esforço coletivo de gestores, técnicos e estudiosos. Só assim, superando verticalizações, tecendo redes e acordando pactuações, se alcançará a universalidade do acesso, a equidade, a integralidade e resolutividade. / At SUS, regionalization is considered a macro strategy to the organization of health services in a given territory. Its implementation requires the conformation of functional, prioritized systems to ensure universality, comprehensiveness, fairness and resolution to users. Hospital care, given the complexity of services and the small size of most Brazilian towns, where there are no conditions to offer all levels of complexity in their area, the regionalization is relevant in this network organization. This study assesses, in light of regionalization flows of hospital services in towns in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, through the profile of admissions and mobility of users in the period 2000-2006. It is characterized as epidemiological, descriptive and exploratory, and we used for it the Hospital Information System, associated to Director Plan Regionalization – PDR, prepared by the State Department of Health as a document that expresses policy and the design of regionalization, it allowed a spatial analysis of the micro and macro regions to which the municipalities belong, through geoprocessing of hospital admissions. The analysis of capacity, profile and flow of admissions does not point to expanding access to actions and hospital health services among municipalities in the period of the study. The resolution and some specificities we found showed the potential to increase the performance of municipalities, such as adoption of public policies that address health care model developed by the municipality. There is need for reassessment and readjustment of the process of regionalization, to reflect the achievements and the needs and difficulties persisted. We proposed that greater coordination and integration among the tools of organizational regionalization: PDR, PPI and PDI. Regionalization as an organizing principle at SUS cannot do without union participation and collective efforts of managers, technicians and scholars. Only then, overcoming verticalizations, creating networks and agreeing pacts, we will be able to achieve universal access, fairness, completeness and resolution. / En el SUS, la regionalización es considerada una macro estrategia para la organización de los dos servicios de salud en un determinado territorio. Su implementación presupone la conformación de sistemas funcionales y jerarquizados que asegure la universalidad, la integralidad, la equidad y resolutividad a los usuarios. En la asistencia hospitalaria, dada la complexidad de los servicios y el pequeño porte de la mayoría de los municipios brasileños que no disponen de condiciones para ofrecer todos los niveles de complexidad en su territorio, la regionalización asume relevancia en la organización de esa red. El presente estudio busca analizar, a la luz de la regionalización, los flujos de servicios hospitalarios en las municipalidades de la Metade Sul del Rio Grande do Sul, por medio del perfil de las internaciones y movilidad de usuarios en el período 2000 hasta 2006. Se caracteriza como epidemiológico, descriptivo y exploratorio para el cual se utilizó el Sistemas de Informaciones Hospitalarios, asociado al Plano Director de Regionalización (PDR) elaborado por la Secretaría de Estado de la Salud como un documento que expresa la política y el dibujo de la regionalización posibilitó un análisis espacial de las micro y macro-regiones a las cuales pertenecen los municipios, a través de geoprocesamiento de las hospitalizaciones. El análisis de la capacidad instalada, del perfil y del flujo de las internaciones no destaca la ampliación del acceso a las acciones y servicios de salud hospitalarios entre los municipios en el período estudiado. La resolutividad y algunas especificidades encontradas, demuestran potencial para aumentar el desempeño de los municipios como la adopción de políticas públicas que incidan en el modelo de atención desarrollado por la municipalidad. Hay la necesidad de reevaluación y readecuación permanente del proceso de regionalización, a reflejar los avances conquistados y las necesidades y dificultades persistentes. Se propone una mayor coordinación e integración entre los instrumentos organizativos de la regionalización: PDR, PPI y PDI. La regionalización como principio organizacional del SUS, no puede prescindir de la unión, de la participación, y del esfuerzo colectivo de gestores, técnicos y estudiosos. Solamente así, superando verticalizaciones, tejiendo redes y acordando pactos, se alcanzara la universalidad del acceso, la equidad, la integralidad y solutividad.

EVANGELISTA, Armstrong Miranda. A região no ensino de geografia: fundamentos da prática professoral. 2007. 232 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-04T14:55:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Tese_AMEvangelista.pdf: 1455632 bytes, checksum: 2fb00f03bd2c0940c0bad1f093bd38e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-19T13:19:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Tese_AMEvangelista.pdf: 1455632 bytes, checksum: 2fb00f03bd2c0940c0bad1f093bd38e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-19T13:19:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Tese_AMEvangelista.pdf: 1455632 bytes, checksum: 2fb00f03bd2c0940c0bad1f093bd38e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The research, that resulted in this thesis, was developed in the curriculum and teaching nucleus, of the Faculty of education, of the Universidade Federal do Ceará. This thesis aimed at approaching the concept of region spread by teachers of the last primary schooling classes. The research took place in three municipal schools of Teresina-PI, with the participation of five Geography teachers. The theoretical reference, that supports this thesis, comes from three sources: the curricular theory, a contribution of Bourdieu (1987, 1989, 1996, 1998, 1999); studies of Geography authors that discuss the Geography teaching and the concept of region, such as: Gomes (2000), Haesbaert (1999, 2002, 2004), Santos (1978,1985, 1997, 2002), Lacoste (1988, 1989), Lencioni (2003), Corrêa (1987, 2001), Silva (1999, 2003); and the theoretical approaching to the background and knowledge of the teachers, with the support of Tardif (2002), Tardif e Lessard (2005), Therrien (1994, 2000). The qualitative methodology was the most suitable one for approaching the goal of this thesis, with the help of lesson observations and of interviews with the teachers, during the year of 2005. The data, obtained with these techniques, were analyzed with the help of software nudist, designed for the treatment of non-structured data, peculiar to qualitative research. The methodological theoretical references were the works of Ludke e André (1986), Trivinos (1992), Minayo (1994), Richardson (1999) Bogdan e Biklen (1994) e Alves-Mazzoti (2000). The analysis of the data revealed that, with priority, the teachers still work with the traditional concept of region, strongly linked with the didactical book. The examination of the didactical books showed that their authors do not deal with the concept of region clearly, but only unremarkably in the booklet for the teachers. At the end this research, it was verified that sometimes the concept of regionalization obtained prominence in relationship to the concept of region, sometimes both concepts were used interchangeably, sometimes both terms were used with the same meaning. In order to understand the pedagogical practice in wide way, other modalities of contents, procedure and attitudes were contemplated. About these contents, the analysis revealed that they were approached less systematically than the concepts, not receiving the treatment as in preparatory phase of the lessons as during the lessons, indicating to have trouble planning activities. As for the applied teaching methods, it was revealed that there was predominance of expositive lessons, with the use of didactical book and with little variation, appearing, in second place, the teamwork, the collective elaboration and the independent study. / A pesquisa, que culminou com esta tese, foi desenvolvida junto ao Núcleo Currículo e Ensino, da Faculdade de Educação, da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar a abordagem do conceito de região, por professores, dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. A pesquisa foi realizada em três escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Teresina-PI, com a participação de cinco professores de Geografia. A referência teórica basilar para o trabalho adveio de três vertentes: 1ª) A Teoria Curricular, expressa na contribuição de Bourdieu (1987; 1989; 1996; 1998; 1999). 2ª) Estudos de autores-geógrafos que discutem o ensino de Geografia e o conceito de região, destacando-se: Gomes (2000), Haesbaert (1999; 2002; 2004), Santos (1978; 1985; 1997; 2002), Lacoste (1988; 1989), Lencioni (2003), Corrêa (1987; 2001), Silva (1999; 2003). 3ª) A abordagem teórica sobre as formações de professores e saberes docentes, destacando-se Tardif (2002), Tardif e Lessard (2005), Therrien (1994; 2000). A pesquisa encaminhou-se por uma metodologia de cunho qualitativo, por possibilitar um contato estreito com as escolas objeto da investigação, sendo objetivada, principalmente, através da observação de aulas e de realização de entrevistas com os professores, ao longo do ano de 2005. Os dados obtidos por meio dessas técnicas foram analisados com o auxílio do software nudist, concebido para o tratamento de dados não-estruturados, comuns à pesquisa qualitativa. Tomou-se como referência teórica da metodologia os trabalhos de Ludke e André (1986), Trivinos (1992), Minayo (1994), Richardson (1999) Bogdan e Biklen (1994) e Alves-Mazzoti (2000). A análise dos dados revelou que os professores, prioritariamente, ainda conceituam a região segundo um ponto de vista tradicional, fortemente vinculado à abordagem do livro didático. A incursão analítica pelos livros didáticos detectou que seus os autores não focalizam a região de forma explícita, mas de maneira tímida no encarte destinado aos professores. Constatou-se que o conceito de regionalização adquiriu proeminência em relação ao de região, ora sendo superpostos em determinados momentos, ora tendo significados semelhantes. A fim de compreender com mais abrangência a prática pedagógica do professor, foram consideradas outras modalidades de conteúdos, os procedimentos e atitudes. Acerca desses conteúdos, a análise mostrou que eram abordados de forma menos sistemática do que os conceitos, não recebendo a mesma atenção, tanto na fase preparatória das aulas, quanto durante as aulas, refletindo dificuldades no planejamento das atividades. Quanto aos métodos de ensino empregados, evidenciou-se o predomínio de aulas expositivas, com o uso do livro didático e com poucas variações, aparecendo, em segundo plano, o trabalho em grupo, a elaboração conjunta e o estudo independente.