Abstract The Swedish National Curriculum for Upper Secondary School states that English should be taught essentially in English. The aim of this study was to discuss the use of Swedish in the upper secondary English classroom with regard to building teacher-student relations and learning outcomes. A hypothesis was articulated, claiming that judicious use of Swedish in the English classroom would help establish teacher-student relations, which would benefit learning outcomes. The study focused on students’ attitudes on the use of Swedish in the English classroom, on the importance of student-teacher relations with regard to learning outcomes, and on the effect English has on building relations and learning outcomes. The material for the study was obtained from a student questionnaire with mixed multiple choice and essay questions. Results showed that most students preferred the inclusion of Swedish in English education and considered it beneficial to their learning. Despite students’ opinion, the national curriculum’s guidelines, and the line of current modern language research, a rather large part of students’ teaching appeared to be conducted in English only. Results furthermore showed that students considered the relation to their teacher more important for their learning outcomes than the language used by the teacher in class. An English-only requirement was experienced as inhibiting by a small majority of students with regard to building relations. It was concluded that Swedish could be seen as an useful instrument when forming teacher-student relations in the English classroom, which raised the thought that the national curriculum should, instead of restricting the amount of Swedish, stress when and how the use of Swedish is fruitful. This study is important as it shows how Swedish could be a useful tool in the specific environment of the English classroom, which calls for a different approach to English language learning than is supported in the national curriculum.   Key words: English, L1/L2, learning outcomes, relational pedagogy, socialization, student, teacher

This research investigates drama teaching practice in New Zealand primary and secondary schools, through a case-based qualitative inquiry into the practice of six experienced drama teachers. The study reveals that whilst drama education is couched within the Arts learning area of the national curriculum, the educational philosophy enacted by participants encompasses a broad vision for drama education, which extends learning beyond a technical knowledge of theatre and theatre-making towards the domains of social and personal meaning-making and emancipatory knowledge. Explored through the lenses of Artist and Co-artist, the study identifies the socio-cultural nature of the practice of these teachers. Teachers’ artistry is revealed through creative use of drama tools and processes to create aesthetically-rich learning experiences. The significance of relational pedagogy to teaching and learning in these drama classrooms is also examined within the study. Teachers’ accounts reveal the ways they seek to develop interpersonal relationships with and between students, and establish ensemble-based approaches to learning in drama. As co-artists, participants employ pedagogies that empower students to actively participate in a community of drama practice, intentionally developing students’ capacities for collaboration, creativity and critical thinking, while discovering and developing their artistic-aesthetic capabilities. These teachers share power with students through acts of negotiation, creating dialogic learning opportunities in order to develop student agency as artists and citizens. Attempts to navigate tensions that arise due to increased performativity pressures on teachers and to avoid prescriptive and technocratic delivery of drama curriculum are also explored. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants to discover the complexities of their teaching practice, the philosophy of drama education they hold, and the decisions they make in curriculum content and pedagogy. Observations of classroom practice were also undertaken, along with an analysis of planning documents and an interview with their students. The study provides six rich case studies of drama practice in New Zealand schools, contributing to local and international understandings of enacted drama education within school settings. Implications for educational policy, curriculum design, classroom practice and teacher education arise from this investigation.

It is of primary concern, both from the perspective of the individual and of society at large, to take measures to prevent the occurrence of a negative development amongst young people. The starting point of this dissertation is the notion that interpersonal interactions that occur between people contribute to a process of learning, thus focus is placed upon the pedagogic interactions between society's authorities and young people in trouble. How such interactions contribute to the process of learning regarding the young people, and what that learning entails, is seen as a vital pedagogic question. The overriding aim of the dissertation is to identify aspects of learning that occur during the interactions between society's authorities and young people in trouble, in order to contribute to an understanding of how such interactions can be developed in a constructive manner. The thesis is based on the theories of man as a social being, dependent on relationships and interaction for the process of knowledge. The empirical study includes interviews with teachers, social workers, police officers and young people. Vignettes have formed the basis of discussions about the measures and initiatives taken by society and the types of experience the young people feel the measures and initiatives have led to. Since an element of authority is a component of the relationship between the representatives of society and the young people, the concept of governmentality formulated by Foucault has been used in the process of analysis. Also von Wright's concepts of punctual and relational perspective have been used in this process. The purpose of this study is to attempt to determine what consequences the various perspectives taken in the interactions may lead to, in relation to the knowledge these young people develop about themselves and about society. The result shows that society's representatives among themselves have different views of young people in trouble. Young people's experiences of interactions with society's representatives argue for the fact that their backgrounds often direct the course of the interaction and its contents. Young people testify about irrelevant measures and initiatives taken by society; that they are subject to prejudice and that the principle of "equality before the law" is not observed. Their experience has led them to feel that they have less of human dignity. The dissertation ends up in a discussion about the prerequisites necessary, in order that pedagogic interactions between a person in authority and young people in difficulties may proceed from a relational perspective. The ability to take the young person's perspective would thereby be a central aspect in the discussion about what measures and initiatives taken by society are appropriate to change a troubled lifestyle.

Syftet med studien var att utforska och uppmärksamma vissa aspekter i clownens agerande och uttryck som enligt mig kan bli en tillgång för lärare. Genom en diskursanalytisk ansats studerade jag hur den så kallade relationella pedagogikens sätt att formulera pedagogik som en fråga om mellanmänskliga möten kan kopplas samman med teaterclownens teknik. Genom att identifiera/skapa gemensamma diskurser inom dessa två till synes skilda begreppsområden blev det möjligt att förstå teaterclownens teknik som just ett erbjudande för läraren att möta eleverna på nya sätt. De viktigaste aspekter som jag funnit i detta möte handlar om: det nödvändiga med mötet; det kontrollerbara och ickekontrollerbara;att se den andra; att avvakta, ge tid och att visa sig. Genom vidare resonemang kring dessa kopplingar mellan den relationella pedagogiken och teaterclownens teknik, ges några förslag på hur läraren kan förhålla sig och eventuellt agera i en undervisningssituation. De föreslagna sätten skulle hen kunna utforska och uppöva genom teaterclownarbete. Tre av förslagen handlar om konkreta ageranden som kan användas i det direkta mötet med elever. De andra handlar om ett nytt slags erfarenhets- och insiktsgivande utforskning av, enligt den relationella pedagogiken, för läraren (och eleven) nödvändiga aspekter inom det mellanmänskliga mötet.

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Recent changes to the UK higher education sector, including a rise in numbers and diversification of the student body, resultant larger class sizes and student: staff ratios, greater modularisation of courses with fewer coursework assignments, and students having less face-to-face contact with teaching staff, have presented numerous challenges. The parallel rise in the use of digital technologies in professional practice, despite calls for their adoption in order to personalise learning, can often be seen to exacerbate the perceived dehumanising effect of this massification. Amid a growing discourse highlighting the importance of feedback to student learning, the focus of this study centres on the use of digital audio feedback with first year undergraduates. Eschewing the positivist approaches that are prevalent in learning technology studies, the aims of the research are to understand the student experience of audio feedback in order to inform both professional practice and policy. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with first year Education Studies undergraduates, the research is a phenomenological study of the lived experience of participants through open and honest dialogue in order to arrive at a situated and negotiated understanding. In conducting a deeper and structural investigation that researches with people, the study moves beyond any technologically deterministic view, and sets any understanding in the wider context of students’ own interpretation of the feedback process, and as such shifts the discourse from technological affordance to pedagogical experience. Whilst the use of audio feedback is seen to alleviate the failures of communication often identified in the feedback process, the findings are also seen to be significant in terms of dialogic perception, studentship and engagement, as well as facilitating a shift from statement to discourse and the possibility of establishing more meaningful learning relationships with students.

Teacher-student relationships are a critical component to every classroom. Little is known about how department chairs support these relationships. Department chairs provide a special and underrepresented perspective, as they are often still teachers with administrative knowledge and responsibilities. This qualitative study investigated ten department chairs' beliefs about the teacher-student relationship and their role in supporting this relationship. Participants were from five content areas (science, social studies, English, special education, and career and technical education) in four public high school districts in Massachusetts and New York. Data were collected through two sixty-minute semi-structured interviews and one day of "shadowing" with each department chair. Analyses show that department chairs expect teachers to instruct from an ethic of care by enacting three relationship development behaviors: establishing relationship boundaries, knowing students as people and as learners, and building a safe and dependable environment. These department chairs supported teachers' relationship development with students primarily through modeling these same behaviors in their relationships with teachers. Department chairs' own experiences with developing relationships with students informed how they developed supervisory relationships with teachers, and they claimed this positively influenced teacher practice. However, when faced with resistant teachers and time constraints, department chairs' ability to apply their expertise as caring and effective educators was severely limited, resulting in dysfunctional supervisory relationships and limited teacher growth. Department chairs are in need of professional development targeted to their special situation, especially as it relates to their ability to influence the learning experiences of teachers and students.

Syftet med denna studie är att få kunskap om förskolepersonalens förhållningssätt gentemot barns integritet i förskolan. Hur agerar och kommunicerar förskolepersonalen gentemot barnen utifrån ett integritetsperspektiv? Var går gränsen för kränkning? För att samla kunskap har observationer på tre olika förskolor och totalt sex avdelningar utförts. I studien har åtta förskollärare, sju utbildade barnskötare och fyra vikarier utan utbildning deltagit. Datan som samlats in har sedan analyserats utifrån ett barnperspektiv och relationell pedagogik för att sedan diskuteras utifrån forskning gällande barns integritet. Studien visar att det går att se en skillnad mellan hur personalen förhåller sig gentemot äldre och yngre barns integritet. Dock är det svårt att urskilja vilket förhållningssätt som är rätt eller fel, detta eftersom de barn som är inblandade i situationerna inte får uttrycka sina upplevelser eftersom studien enbart fokuserar på personalen. Studien kunde även visa att tillgång till material och/eller miljöer som skyddar barns integritet inte räcker, dessa material och miljöer måste aktivt användas och kan både påverkas negativt och positivt av förskolepersonalens förhållningssätt. Studien visar även att personalens agerande, kommunikation och bemötande gentemot barn är viktigt. Detta eftersom vuxnas förhållningssätt är något som kan komma att påverka hur barnen senare i livet kommer att förstå och förhålla sig till sin egen integritet.

Relationen mellan elev och lärare i grund- och gymnasieskolan och dess betydelse för eleverna är ett stort forskningsområde, motsvarande relation i högre utbildning har dock inte undersökts i samma omfattning och särskilt inte utifrån Leader-Member exchange teorin. Syftet med denna studie var att med hjälp av intervjuer identifiera, belysa och analysera tidigare studenters upplevelser av student-lärarrelationen utifrån LMX-teorin. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna har tidigare genomfört en distansutbildning inom det samhällsvetenskapliga området. Av resultatet framgår att respondenterna har något skilda upplevelser av student-lärarrelationen och att behovet av en god och nära relation med lärarna varierar, men att den i huvudsak upplevts som positiv och betydelsefull för bland annat respondenternas motivation. Däremot upplever respondenterna att distansformen utgör ett hinder för att skapa dessa relationer samt att de inte får bli för nära då studenten befinner sig i beroendeställning. Resultatet bekräftar till stor del tidigare forskning på området. Fortsatt forskning kring student-lärarrelationen ur ett LMX-perspektiv, under en längre tidsperiod och med fler deltagare skulle kunna bidra till ökad förståelse för hur dessa relationer skapas och utvecklas över tid samt vilken betydelse dessa har för studenterna, särskilt för distansstudenter. / <p>Betygsdatum 2021-06-07</p>

Denna uppsats undersöker hur förskolepedagoger ser på lek i egenskap som observatör och som aktiv deltagare med barnen. Därtill undersöks det hur intersubjektivitet och ett autentiskt lekfullt förhållningssätt kan påverka relationen mellan barn och vuxen, samt hur detta kan ha en inverkan på barnets sociala utveckling och känsla av välbefinnande.  Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ metod där jag har intervjuat fyra förskollärare i ett förskole-område söder om Stockholm. Analysens teoretiska utgångspunkt är det relationella perspektivet som fokuserar på det mellan- mänskliga och subjektiva i samvaro och samverkan med varandra. Ett av flera fokusområden är att se hur det subjektiva utbytet sker mellan parter, både känslomässigt inom sig men också till andra, via “mellanrummet”. Resultatet visar ett intranät av relationer och åverkansfaktorer som påverkar en pedagogs lekfullhet och hur lek och relation mellan pedagog och barn kan utvecklas och visa sig. Resultatet utifrån pedagogernas perspektiv talar för att barn vill ha och önskar sig lekfulla pedagoger att kunna leka med utöver sina kamrater. Vinningarna blir många för både vuxna och barn. Vuxna får en mer givande arbetsdag och med goda relationer och barnen likaså. Utöver det får barnen en trygg och rolig vistelse på förskolan som i sin tur gynnar barnets sociala och akademiska utveckling. / This essay examines how preschool educators view play as an observer and as an active participant with the children. In addition, the essay investigates how intersubjectivity and an authentic playful approach can affect the relationship between child and adult, and how this can have an impact on the child's social development and sense of well-being. The study was carried out with a qualitative method where I interviewed four preschool teachers at a preschool area south of Stockholm. The theoretical starting point of the analysis is the relational perspective that focuses on the interpersonal and subjective in togetherness and interaction with each other. One of several focus areas is to see how the subjective exchange takes place between parties, both emotionally within themselves but also to others, via the "gap". The results show an intranet of relationships and factors that affect an educator's playfulness and how play and relationship between educator and children can be developed and shown. The results from the educator’s perspective indicate that children want and wish for a playful educators to be able to play with in addition to their peers. The winnings will be many for both adults and children. Adults get a more rewarding working day and good relationships and the children as well. In addition, the children get a secure and fun stay at the preschool, which in turn benefits the child's social and academic development.