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Extending the retirement age is becoming an inevitable trend given the extension of the population’s life expectancy, the need to reduce the financial burden of pensions, the increase in the utilization rate of human capital, the impetus to alleviate labor market shortages, and other social problems. Increasing numbers of countries are beginning to impose extended retirement policies. For instance, the United States, South Korea, Canada and the Nordic countries, among others, have all taken measures to delay retirement. However, the general social recognition is not high. The age of the elderly, education level and individual lifestyle have a significant impact on policies of delayed retirement age. A situation of severe aging puts the future pension system at risk, based on the interests of the country, delayed retirement can help to maximize human capital and relieve a country’s financial pressure. From an individual perspective, extending the retirement age may reduce provisions for elderly people. This study, based on the previous literature review, conducted a survey of people in Halmstad to analyze local citizens’ perception of delayed retirement and the influencing factors behind this. The results indicate that willingness for delayed retirement among the people studied is not very high, with reasons varying across different types of respondents.

No description available.

Motivation: In the Sub-Saharan Africa countries there are several factors contributing to the collapse of firms. Most firms have failed due to poor corporate governance practices. The recent collapse of some firms in the financial and non-financial sectors in the Sub-region shows that there are challenges hindering effective corporate governance of firms in the Subregion. Consequently, this study uses empirical evidence to identify views about the important components of good corporate governance practice for listed firms: institutional characteristics; the board of directors; and the effects of external factors. Research question: The pertinent research question that this study addresses is the identification of the components that are essential for good corporate governance of firms in the Sub-region. This study tries to prioritise the components. Methodology: Data were collected by questionnaire administered to stakeholders of corporate governance of listed firms in Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa. Regression is used to estimate the relationship between institutional characteristic, responsibilities of the board of directors and external factors on corporate governance system. Main findings: 1. Enforcement, disclosure, transparency and regulatory frameworks may be necessary to improve corporate governance practice in all the countries in the Sub-region (SSAA). 2. There is evidence that commitment of board members to disclosure and communication may provide effective corporate governance practice. 3. Board duality (separation of role between chairman and CEO) is likely to hinder corporate governance practices. 4. We found that in all the countries in the Sub-region accounting system plays a major role to promote sound corporate governance practice. However, the political environment, societal and cultural factor, corruption, and economic factors such as macro-economic policies may hinder corporate governance practices.Policy recommendations: This study recommends that corporate governance stakeholders should adopt a whistle blowing method and also that institutional bodies should be more prudent in monitoring of rules and laws with stringent penalties. In addition, there should be adequate information and disclosure on the rights and obligation of the shareholder of firms in the sub-region region. There is need to increase the number and role of independent directors, increase the use of advisory vote by shareholders on executive compensation and facilitation of shareholders activism. Furthermore, there is a need to have autonomous regulatory bodies and supervisory agencies free from any political/ government interference in the implementation of the Code and Guideline of corporate governance. The regulatory bodies and the supervisory agencies should be manned or be under the leadership of people of goodwill, good character and trust. The Code or Guideline of corporate governance of Sub-Saharan Africa Anglophone countries should take cognisance of and be aligned with socio-cultural environment of the countries in the Sub-region.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama spaudos inžinerijos srities studijų programų absolventų padėtis darbo rinkoje. Teorinėje dalyje apžvelgta su spaudos inžinerija susijusių studijų programų pasiūla Lietuvos aukštosiose mokyklose, spaudos inžinerijos studijų sritį besirenkančių studentų ir absolventų kitimas Lietuvoje 2007–2013 metais, šios srities rengiamų specialistų pasiūla. Atlikta spaudos pramonės srities darbų pasiūlos analizė. Tiriamojoje dalyje atlikus empirinį, kiekybinį, tyrimą, išanalizuoti VGTU, KTU ir KK aukštųjų mokyklų absolventų, baigusių su spaudos inžinerija susijusias studijų programas duomenys, absolventų padėtis darbo rinkoje, studijų programos trūkumai, privalumai. Išnagrinėjus teorinę dalį ir atlikus tyrimo analizę pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir rekomendacijos. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, literatūros apžvalga, teorinė ir tiriamoji dalys išvados ir rekomendacijos, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 55 p. teksto be priedų, 25 pav., 9 lent., 26 bibliografiniai šaltiniai Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / The thesis contains the investigation of the situation for the Printing engineering graduate students in labour market. The theoretical part presents an overview of the study programs related to the Printing engineering programs in Lithuanian higher schools. The changes in labour marked in 2007 – 2013 of the students who were choosing study programs related to the Printing engineering and the field of trained specialists supply was overlooked. The research part contains the survey of the VGTU, KTU and KK high school graduates of study programs related to the Printing engineering, empirical, quantitative analyses which illustrates advantages and disadvantages of these studies. After examination of the theoretical part and analysis conclusions and recommendations are provided. of the study and carried out the analysis, conclusions and recommendations. Master thesis includes 6 chapters: introduction, publications review, theoretical research conclusions and recommendations, references. Thesis consist of: 55 p. text without appendixes, 25 pictures,9 tables, 26 bibliographical entries.

This study on feminism is a study aimed at understanding a reality within feminism (suburban feminism) in the suburbs of Gothenburg and the underlying factors that contribute to the emergence of this new phenomenon, and why women in the suburbs relate to as an alternative social tool in the quest for better social standings. The research was focused on the 2 major issues and they were (1) the effect of intersectionality on feminism in the suburbs and (2), the effect of internal factors like culture and religion on feminism in the suburbs. Intersectional analysis in my study partly explained the emergence of this new phenomenon (suburban feminism) as a reality within feminism. Cultural shock experienced by the immigrant women when they come Sweden explained also the relevance of cultural polarisation as a factor in the emergence of suburban feminism. The research was done through the qualitative research methods among the immigrant populations living in the suburbs of Gothenburg. The primary research material was the respondent’s experiences and answers to a variety of questions. With the help of several respondents and earlier research done on feminism in the suburbs shows how suburban feminism as a phenomenon emerges and takes shape among the immigrant populations and how this kind of feminism emerges out of the daily challenges ranging from intersectionality, socio-economic setups and several other aspects the respondents refer to as cultural shock between different cultures that have converged in the suburbs. In general, suburban feminism is a phenomenon that emerged out of several factors that range most of them intended for the furtherance and empowerment of women in all spheres of life. The respondent’s answers to the questions fielded in this study together with the earlier research done on feminism and equality in Sweden formed the bedrock on which the study is anchored on. Suburban feminism in my study is a product of social construction different from feminism anchored on theories and this becomes more evident from the answers of my respondents in their understanding of feminism.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama Lietuvos Respublikos vairuotojų rengimo sistemos įtaka eismo keliais efektyvumui bei eismo jais saugumui, tam pasitelkus ekspertinių tyrimų metodus. Išanalizuota užsienio šalių patirtis šioje srityje bei eismo saugumą reglamentuojantys dokumentai. Išnagrinėti ir susisteminti veiksniai, turintys įtakos vairuotojo patikimumui. Šių veiksnių įtaka: eismo saugumui tirti naudotas respondentų anketinis apklausos metodas. / The final MA thesis deals with the influence of driver’s preparation system in the Republic of Lithuania to efficiency of traffic on roads and safety, by using experimental methods of research. The paper analyzed experience of foreign countries in this field and documentation regulating traffic safety. Analysis was also made for systematic factors having influence on the driver’s reliability. Impact of these factors: a questionnaire survey was used to investigate traffic safety as understood by the respondents.

In this work is researching the behaviour peculiarity of wolves and the public opinion towards wolves. The aim – to investigate the wolves’ tracks and the harm of wolves to livestock in Gulbinas forest and in district of this forest; to evaluate the local public opinion towards wolves. The object –the local wolves’ population living in Gulbinas forest and neighborus lesser forests (Vileišiškiai, Vaitutiškiai, Daugmaudžiai, Skobiškiai and Aušgiriai) also agricultural land between these forests in northern part Šiauliai district. Methods – the behaviour of wolves was investigated by snow tracking method; the harm and the public opinion towards wolves were investigated by questionnaire method. Technical tools – global position estimation appliance GPS „EMAP“, computer programme ARCWIEW GIS 3.2. Results – Directional tracks of wolves may be founded in various age stands and clear cut areas. So it can be that farming in the forests does not do the substantial influence to wolves’ choice of tracks. But it’s observes the tendency, that wolves give the priority to more older stands and avoid clear cut areas. Mostly were attacked young animals up to 1 year old (76%). They make the most big part (4,8%) of livestock killed through the year from the all number of young livestock. Mostly livestock were attacked during July - August (76%), less during Sepember – (24%).

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Att finna det goda chefskapet som är kopplat till ett bra ledarskap är en svår uppgift som alla chefer idag är medvetna om. Dessutom behöver chefen i sitt ledarskap få med sig gruppen som gör att arbetsmiljö gynnas positivt och bidrar till en mer stabil arbetsgrupp. Kunderna belönas av chefens goda ledarskap tillsammans med medarbetarna som kunnat skapa en positiv känsla som ger mer till kunderna i äldreomsorgen i längden. Syftet: Studien är uppbyggd att utifrån ett ledarskapsperspektiv se hur cheferna uppfattar sitt ledarskap som chef och som arbetsledare. Metod: Arbetslivsforskaren använde semistrukturerade kvalitativa frågor utifrån en intervjuguide.  Tillsammans med tre ledarsskapspolicydokument som finns i tre likastora olika kommuner som fanns i en storstadsregion i Sverige, kan arbetslivsforskaren hämta mer stöd med hjälp av dokumenten till sin forskning. Detta för att se hur ledarskapet förankras i de olika hemtjänstgrupperna ifråga om tydlighet, engagemang och delaktighet. Arbetslivsforskaren har sedan analyserat texterna med hjälp av fenomenologin. Detta för att arbetslivsforskaren skall få en så tydlig bild som möjligt, användes frågeställningar som handlar om vilka erfarenheter medarbetarna och cheferna har om ledarskapet. Cheferna och medarbetarna är verksamma i äldreomsorgens hemtjänst i tre olika kommuner. Resultat: Det som framkom efter att ha analyserat textmaterialet 0ch intervjuerna var att det upplevdes finnas ett samspel mellan medarbetare och chefer. Detta samspel kan liknas vid att chefen har tillit till sin personal och vet att de kan ta egna beslut i oväntade situationer. Resultatet pekar på ett centralt begrepp som handlar om chefernas komplexa arbetsroll och tre underkategorier som handlade om tydlighet, engagemang och delaktighet i ledarskapet. Slutsats: Arbetslivsforskaren tolkar genom textanalys i resultatet att det goda ledarskapet kännetecknas av delaktighet, engagemang och tydlighet. I hela studien jämförde olika ledarstilar och skillnaden mellan dessa. Forskning och citat från respondenternas erfarenheter ger en bra bild av hur ledarskapet uppfattas om tydlighet, engagemang och delaktighet i hemtjänstgrupperna. / Background: Finding the good leadership associated with good leadership is a difficult task all the managers today are aware of. In addition, the manager in his leadership needs to join the group, which makes the work environment beneficial and contributes to a more stable working group. Customers are rewarded by the manager's good leadership together with the employees who were able to create a positive feeling that gives more to the elderly care customers in the long run. Purpose: The study is based on a leadership perspective, looking at how managers perceive their leadership as a manager and as a supervisor. Method: The working life researcher used semi-structured qualitative questions based on an interview guide. Together with three leadership policy papers that exist in three equal municipalities that existed in a metropolitan region in Sweden, workforce researchers can obtain more support with the help of the documents for their research. This is to see how leadership is rooted in the different homework groups in terms of clarity, dedication and participation. The working life researcher has then analyzed the texts using phenomenology. In order for the work life researcher to get as clear a picture as possible, questions were used that deal with the experiences of employees and managers about leadership. The managers and employees are active in the elderly care home service in three different municipalities. Result: What emerged after analyzing the text material 0ch interviews was that there was an interaction between employees and managers. This interaction may be similar to the fact that the boss trusts his staff and knows that they can make their own decisions in unexpected situations. The result points to a central concept that deals with the managers' complex work roll and three subcategories that deal with clarity, dedication and participation in leadership. Conclusion: The work life researcher interprets through text analysis in the result that good leadership is characterized by involvement, dedication and clarity. Throughout the study, different leadership styles and the differences between them compared. Research and quotes from the respondents' experiences give a good picture of how leadership is perceived about clarity, dedication and participation in the home service groups / <p>OBS! Presenterade magisteruppsatsen vt 2016 och blev nu klar med rättningen av uppsatsen</p>

Magister Commercii - MCom / One of the fundamental problems facing the South African public healthcare sector is motivation and retention of the healthcare practitioners. Medical doctors in particular, tend to leave the public sector for the private sector, rural settlements for the urban settlements, the Republic of South Africa for other countries or entirely leaving the healthcare industry. This study seeks to identify the factors that contribute to work satisfaction or dissatisfaction of doctors in the South African public health sector as well as bringing forth strategies that are important in retaining medical doctors in the sector. A cross-sectional survey using self-administered pre-tested questionnaires was mailed to 1000 randomly selected medical doctors in the public health sector of South Africa to get their opinions. Appropriate statistical tools were then used to interpret the findings. A total of 135 medical doctors participated in this study. The medical doctors identified lack of participation in management as the major factor hampering work satisfaction in the public sector. Pay and workload were also identified as the other leading factors to doctors’ dissatisfaction. Significant relationships with patients were found as motivators to doctors’ satisfaction. On retaining medical doctors, the respondents indicated a great need for improvement on the current working conditions and such improvements including the recognition of doctors in the workplace as well as their promotion.Discrimination and inadequate remuneration were leading factors for doctors not willing to be retained in the public sector Medical doctors are essential to the efficient delivery of health care in South Africa and an unending conflict between them and their management imposes a great risk to the future of the South African health care. It is therefore imperative for healthcare managers to address those factors that are appearing to be obstacles to job satisfaction and at the same time capitalizing on the identified retention factors in their management strategies.