Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1987696 bytes, checksum: 0118785b9bd6194639916e5de2cbdc55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this dissertation is to comprehend the implications of children exposure to advertising on TV. To achieve this purpose the following specific objectives have been set: to identify the TV programs directed to children; to characterize the advertising directed to children on TV; to characterize the audiovisual consumption (programs, timetable, number of hours watched per day etc); to characterize the consumption profile of children in the purchase of goods; to know the comprehension of the children about the advertisements and to identify the risks of the exposure to publicity on TV. For the theoretical referential the following categories were used: child development, understood from Vygotsky s cultural-historical theory; consumption, understood from Bauman s analysis of the consumption society; risks, defined from the risk conception of Lescher et al. and from the risk comprehension of Hilleshein and Cruz. The method used consisted in the execution of two studies. Study 01 consisted in the characterization of the publicity exhibited in the intervals between children s programs. Study 02 was carried out at two schools, one public and one private, both located in the city of João Pessoa, that were chosen on the convenience. The study included 10 participants aged 08 to 10 years old. The sample was defined by Minayo s saturation criterion. The instruments employed were as follows: 1 Children s programs mapping protocol; 2 Advertising characterization protocol; 3 Semi-structured interview guide, composed of socio-demographic questions and other questions related to the audiovisual consumption, goods consumption and comprehension about advertising. Data analysis was made from the description of data collected in the characterization of the publicity and Bardin s content analysis. Data show that the majority of the advertisements shown are about toys (43.48%) and food (40.58%), and that paid TV exhibits more advertisement (66.67%) than open TV (33.33%). With regard to audiovisual consumption, data show that children have access to both children and adult addressed TV programs; children see TV as an instrument of fun, education and information and they spend approximately between three and four hours watching TV and this is one of the main forms of leisure. Some children understand that the purpose of advertisement is to induce the desire to buy: they desire to buy the advertised products and what they consume most are toys. For the majority of them, the characters that appear in advertisements are used to influence the children. The risks identified are related to the exposure to programs which are inadequate for children, as well as the implication of the influence of consumption on subjectivity and development. / O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender as implicações da exposição de crianças à publicidade na mídia televisiva. Para se atingir este objetivo, têm-se como objetivos específicos: caracterizar as propagandas direcionadas ao público infantil na televisão; caracterizar o consumo audiovisual (programas, horário, quantidade de horas em que assiste TV, etc.); caracterizar o perfil de consumo das crianças na compra de mercadorias; conhecer a compreensão das crianças acerca das propagandas e identificar os riscos da exposição à publicidade na televisão. Fez-se uso de um referencial teórico partindo-se das seguintes categorias: desenvolvimento infantil, compreendido a partir da perspectiva histórico-cultural de Vigotski; consumo, compreendido a partir da análise de Bauman sobre a sociedade de consumo; riscos, definido com base no conceito de riscos de Lescher et al. e na compreensão de riscos de Hillesheim e Cruz. O método utilizado consistiu na realização de duas etapas. A Etapa 01 consistiu na caracterização da publicidade exibida nos intervalos dos programas infantis. A Etapa 02 foi realizada em uma escola pública municipal e em uma escola privada da cidade de João Pessoa, que foram selecionadas pelo critério de conveniência. Participaram desta etapa 10 crianças na faixa etária de oito a dez anos. A amostra foi delimitada a partir do critério de saturação de Minayo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: 1 Protocolo de mapeamento da programação Infantil; 2 Protocolo de caracterização das propagandas; 3 roteiro entrevista semi-estruturada, composta de questões acerca dos dados sócio-demográficos das crianças, do consumo audiovisual, do consumo de mercadorias e da compreensão de uma propaganda. A análise dos dados foi feita a partir da descrição dos dados do protocolo de caracterização das propagandas e da análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Os dados mostram que a maioria das propagandas anunciadas é de brinquedo (43,48%) e de alimentos (40,58%) e que a TV fechada exibe um número maior de propagandas (66,67%) que a TV aberta (33,33%). Em relação ao consumo audiovisual, os dados mostram que as crianças têm acesso tanto aos programas infantis quanto aos programas destinados aos adultos; as crianças veem a TV como um instrumento para divertir, educar e informar e passam aproximadamente entre três e quatro horas assistindo, sendo esta uma das principais formas de lazer. Algumas crianças entendem que o objetivo das propagandas é influenciar a compra, desejam comprar os produtos anunciados e o que mais consomem são brinquedos. Para a maioria delas, o uso de personagens nas propagandas ocorre para influenciar as crianças. Os riscos identificados se referem à exposição aos programas inadequados para as crianças, bem como as implicações da influência do consumo para a subjetividade e para o desenvolvimento.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1445238 bytes, checksum: f7f711e9246655638e6678bb9224729d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main purpose of this study was to identify psychosocial factors related to heart diseases and their effects in the people s quality of life which were submitted to surgery intervention with heart risk. The specific purpose were: (I) to identify the participant s demographic profile submitted to heart-surgery proceeding which belongs to a group of risk; (II) to identify the factors of risk in people with heart disease and the psychological/physical/biological suffering in process of heart-surgery; (III) to study which are the psychosocial factors that lead emotional changes and their effects in the treatment evolution; (IV) to identify the meanings which people have about their quality of life; and (V) to analyse people s quality of life whose were submitted to heart-surgery interventions and people from the group of risk. The sample was compound by 91 male and female participants, everyone had heart disease and were submitted to surgery proceeding, all of them were from the group of risk. World Health Organization Quality Of Life-bref (WHOQOL), half-directed interviews and a demographic questionnaire were applied as instruments. Data collected by WHOQOL-BREF was processed based on the statistical package SPSS 15 and analyzed by descriptive statistic. Material collected by interviews was classified and analyzed, followed by Bardin´s Technical Analysis (2002). The results of the demographic questionnaire noticed that 52,7% of the participants were masculine and 47,3% were feminine, from this total 40% was in the 60-74 age bracket, the age with most risk, 23% between 30-40. The majority was married (68,1%), 42,9% had some kind of employment, about schooling 38,5% had the high school and 29,7%, school. The results of WHOQOL-brief demonstrated a cluster of 4 rules (physical, psychological, social relations and environment), with the most meaningful being the Rule III Social Relations (average 3,96), based in social support and sexual activities; and the Rule II Psychological (average 3,51). The results of the interviews showed that, in the thematic class heart disease, the biggest evidence was in the lifestyle category, in pre-heart disease (69%) and after-heart disease (31,0%). In the second class, heart-surgery proceeding, the most meaningful category was hospitalization, focusing the psychical-suffering (62,3%). In the third class, quality of life, the most important categories were: psycho-environmental (55,3%), related with health s care, feeding, habitation, job and leisure; psychosocial (21,1%), based on affection and self-esteem; and project of life (23,3%), associated to aspects of job, money, health and family. Hope the results of this research can help for a better understanding of heart diseases and quality of life and subsidies political health public programs. / O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar os fatores psicossociais relacionados às cardiopatias e suas implicações na qualidade de vida de pessoas cirurgiadas e nãocirurgiadas. Os objetivos específicos foram: (i) caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico dos participantes submetidos e não-submetidos ao procedimento cardio-cirúrgico; (ii) identificar os significados que as pessoas cardíacas possuem acerca dos procedimentos cardio-cirúrgicos; e (iii) analisar a qualidade de vida das pessoas que foram submetidas e não-submetidas aos procedimentos cardio-cirúrgicos. A amostra foi composta por 91 participantes, do sexo masculino e do sexo feminino, todos cardíacos, que foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos ou pertenciam ao grupo de risco. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados o questionário World Health Organization Quality Of Life-BREF (WHOQOL), entrevistas semi-dirigidas e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados do WHOQOL-BREF e do questionário sociodemográfico foram processados pelo pacote estatístico SPSS 15 e analisados pela estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os dados das entrevistas foram codificados e analisados de acordo com a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo temática (Bardin, 2002). Os resultados do questionário sociodemográfico demonstraram que 52,7% dos participantes eram do sexo masculino e 47,3% do sexo feminino, 40% estavam na faixa etária dos 60-74 anos, faixa de maior risco, enquanto 23,3% se situavam entre 30-44 anos. Em sua maioria, eram casados (68,1%), 42,9% possuíam algum tipo de vínculo empregatício e, quanto à escolaridade, 38,5% possuíam ensino médio e 29,7% o ensino fundamental. Os resultados do WHOQOL- BREF mostraram um agrupamento de quatro domínios (físico, psicológico, relações sociais e ambiente), sendo que os mais significativos foram o domínio IIIRelações Sociais (média 3,96), baseado no apoio, no suporte social e na atividade sexual e o domínio II- Psicológico (média 3,51). Os resultados das entrevistas mostraram que, na classe temática cardiopatia, a maior evidência foi na categoria estilo de vida, tanto na pré-cardiopatia (69%) quanto na pós-cardiopatia (31%). Na segunda classe, procedimento cardio-cirúrgico, a categoria mais significativa foi a de hospitalização, focalizando o sofrimento psíquico (62,3%). Na terceira classe, qualidade de vida, as categorias mais evidenciadas foram: físico-ambiental (55,3%), relacionada aos cuidados com a saúde, a alimentação, a habitação, a ocupação e o lazer; psicossocial (21,1%), tendo por base o afeto e a auto-estima; e projeto de vida (23,3%), associada aos aspectos do trabalho e do dinheiro, da saúde e da valorização da família. Espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa venham contribuir para uma maior elucidação do enfoque teórico acerca das Cardiopatias e da Qualidade de Vida e também para subsidiar programas de políticas públicas de saúde.

Cannabis is the most used illicit drug globally. Nevertheless, cannabis users often do not have sufficient knowledge about cannabis. Definition of cannabis "quality" can include both desirable effects and safety profile of the product. Harm reduction approach is commonly deployed for other illicit substances and it is also necessary to advance it for cannabis. The aim of this research was to reveal what Czech cannabis users consider as "quality" cannabis and how they assess it. Respondents were asked what help them to prevent mental and physical harms and how it influenced the intoxication. For the purposes of this thesis, ethnographic research was chosen (Janeček, 2014). Collection of qualitative data was performed using the method of qualitative semi-structured interviews (Miovský, 2006). The interviews were coded using a method of grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1999). Respondents' motivation for use was based on bio-psycho-socio-spiritual approach. Most of the participants distinguished "quality" cannabis by smell, level of intoxication, taste, structure and "health" aspects that depend on a method of cultivation. If cannabis users asked about the origin of cannabis, in few cases they did not get the information at all. Inexperienced respondents are not able to distinguish cannabis...

This diploma thesis discusses alternative diets. The theoretical part of the work clarifies the possible reasons leading to the decision to eat an alternative diet, and also gives the forms of alternative diet and the possible risks arising from these diets, early human development is described here along with the diet during its individual periods. The practical part of the thesis, which was realised using the questionnaire survey method, endeavours to establish how much knowledge women have about alternative diets and also discusses the issue of preference of an alternative diet. The performed survey found that alternative diets are not significantly widespread among the respondents and therefore knowledge about them is insufficient, unfortunately even respondents who actually feed their children an alterative diet lack knowledge. On the basis of the established information a lecture was held on the topic of alternative diets, the purpose of which was to clarify the basic facts about alternative diets and spread knowledge about them.

Parler de développement touristique, c’est aussi parler de santé environnementale, de stabilité sociopolitique et par conséquent de développement durable. C’est pourquoi, la liaison entre tourisme et développement durable devient une évidence. Mais cette relation n’a de valeur que lorsqu’elle tient compte de la dimension holistique même du concept de durabilité qui nécessite en priorité l’appréhension des notions de risque et d’urgence : d’où, les enjeux de l’information et de la communication dans la détection et la prévention des aléas.L’universalité des sciences et de la technologie doit permettre à toutes les nations, à travers un usage adéquat, des possibilités d’ouverture et d’apprentissage qui sont porteurs d’une croissance durable. C’est pourquoi, les transformations considérables que peuvent apporter dans la vie sociale et économique l’idéologie des SIC et les techniques de communication doivent donner lieu à un examen critique des possibilités qu’elles sont susceptibles d’engendrer dans les pays du Sud. Cependant, la question est de savoir si l’ensemble des moyens de communication avec les pressions inévitables qui les accompagnent, pourront servir à développer une image positive de ces pays qui, à l’instar du Sénégal, cherchent à travers l’écotourisme un moyen d’affirmation, politique, socioéconomique et culturelle. De toute évidence, nous savons que les médias et les techniques de l’information en général sont des outils à double tranchant : ce qui prête à réfléchir sur les enjeux du traitement de l’information et de l’appréhension des notions de risque par les institutions publiques, les touristes, les voyagistes, les populations et surtout les médias des pays émetteurs et de destination.. L’actualité des risques inhérents au tourisme et l’ampleur des frayeurs qu’ils continuent de susciter, vis-à-vis du continent africain – « destination à risque » - nous obligent à envisager cette étude afin de contribuer à l’identification de ces risques, au traitement de l’information liée aux aléas et à leur prévention. / The development of tourism raises the question of socio-political stability and environmental health concern: hence the notion of sustainable development. Therefore, the link between tourism and sustainable development becomes obvious. But this relationship has value only when it takes into account the holistic concept of sustainability even requiring priority apprehension of notions of risk and emergency with the necessity of information and communication as means of detection and prevention. The universality of science and technology should enable all nations, through proper use, opportunities for learning and opening holders of sustainable growth. Therefore, the considerable changes that can bring in the social and economic ideology and communication techniques should lead to a critical examination of the opportunities they are likely to foster in the South. However, the question is whether all means of communication with the inevitable pressures that accompany them, can be used to develop a positive image of these countries, like Senegal, which one is seeking its political, economical, and cultural affirmation through ecotourism. Obviously, we know that the media and information technology tools are usually double-edged: which leads us to reflect on issues of information processing and understanding of the concepts of risk by public institutions, tourists, tour operators, people and especially the media in tourists sending countries or destinations. News about the risks inherent to tourism and the extent of fears that they continue to generate as far as the African continent is concerned - "destination at risk" - forces us to consider this study to help identify these risks and the processing of information related to hazards and their prevention.

The theoretical part of the thesis reveals the history of Cannabis, gives basic characteristics of Cannabis-based drugs and their sorts. Hereafter, the active substances of marihuana and manifestations of intoxication are quoted. The main emphasis is put on the description of risks related to the use of this soft drug. The medical, mental and social risks are commented. One chapter is dedicated to applicable legislation. Consecutively, various approaches of drug politics and its specifics are mentioned. The attention is also paid to the prevention and subsequently te the assistance to the drug users. The practical part of thesis is focused on the public and professional opinion referring to the possible risks of marihuana use. The attention is paid to the general attitude to this drug as well. Subsequently, the opinions of both contrary parties are compared.

This thesis is focused on small firms in region of Prachatice and analysing their business risks. There is discription of the state of small and medium-sized enterprises and a brief summary of the risks that affect these companies. The thesis describes situation in South Bohemia, particulary Prachatice region and compares particular South Bohemian regions. Aforementioned research uses questionnaires as a main method, both in the form of personal interviews, as well as in electronic form. There is an obvious conclusion from that research, that the companies are well aware of risks and see them as a threat to their future goals they want to achieve. Diversification and risk shifting are most common instruments to avoid or at lest mitigate those dangers. Companies participating in the survey are most concerned about the business and financial risks. On the other hand, industrial risks are not percieved as significant problem. Among other precautions leasing to reduction of risks is mutual and timely communication betweeen company branches, consideration of indicators in general. Each employee should be aware of the risks associated with his work. Enterprises with a elaborate approach to risk are becoming more competitive, stable and more resilient to external negative influences.

In our republic, occupational exposure to asbestos has been restricted to jobs concerned with disposal of products, materials and buildings containing asbestos, and research work studying asbestos fibres. The reason consists in health risks as all kinds of asbestos belong to high-risk carcinogens. The asbestos fibre related diseases should be reported. All data connected are kept in the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) in Prague. The purpose of this study was to find out how much people are aware of the risks related to asbestos and find people who suffered from asbestos dust-induced disease, i.e. mesothelioma of pleura. The quantitative method was used to summarise information on asbestos-induced disease occurence in 1970-2010 available in the National Institute of Public Health in Prague. Along with that, the work maps the population awareness of asbestos risks. The thesis itself can be divided into two parts. The first one contains information based on data collection while the other part deals with data of NIPH in Prague. Two hypotheses were predicted: Hypothesis H1: People are aware of the material containing asbestos. Hypothesis H2: People are aware of negative impact of asbestos on human health. Both hypotheses were proved. Three hypotheses were suggested in the other part: Hypothesis H3: Latency, the time between first exposure to manifestation of disease, is never less than 20 years. Hypothesis H4: Incidence of mesothelioma of pleura and peritoneum is higher in people aged 60-69. Hypothesis H5: Smoking affects the course of the disease negatively. Hypotheses H3 and H4 were proved. Hypothesis H5 cannot be neither proved or disproved. Although the number of smokers among mesothelioma patients was higher, there is no evidence of negative effect of smoking on the disease. To prove this hypothesis, the data colllection should be larger. Findings of the study proved the time of exposure to asbestos fibres does not affect the occurence of this disease. The findings can be used in further research studies.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar de que forma a auditoria interna pode contribuir com o atingimento dos objetivos da organização tendo em vista o seu papel atual dentro do contexto de instabilidade financeira que ocasiona o aumento dos riscos inerentes ao negócio fazendo com que este departamento seja desafiado a gerir os riscos presentes, futuros, juntamente com a pressão por reduzir custos e agregar valor à organização. A importância da auditoria interna é destacada como sendo uma área que possui alto potencial dentro da organização dados seu conhecimento acerca dos riscos e processos internos e que pode ampliar sua atuação em áreas que possuem relevância sob o ponto de vista da alta administração. / This final paper focus on identify how internal audit can contribute to the achievement of organizational goals with a view to its current role within the context of financial instability that causes the increase of inherent business risks and therefore this department is challenged to manage the present and future risks, along with the pressure to reduce costs and add value to the organization. The importance of internal audit is highlighted as an area that holds great potential within the organization given their risk knowledge and internal processes that can expand its activities in areas that are relevant from the point of view of top management.

O presente trabalho envolve teoria e prática relacionadas aos riscos a que estão sujeitos os investimentos em títulos do mercado financeiro, em especial ao mercado financeiro brasileiro. Para melhor identificar os riscos relativos às aplicações no mercado financeiro, necessário se faz o conhecimento conceitual dos mesmos assim como, o importante, é a mensuração daqueles riscos, através de formas matemáticas e estatísticas, levando-se em conta ainda os cenários econômicos previstos. Com a utilização de formas matemáticas e estatísticas podem ser apurados o retorno esperado assim como a dispersão em torno da média, através do desvio padrão, por exemplo. Neste contexto, o gestor financeiro pode contar com o auxílio do controller, profissional que cada vez mais se faz presente nos ambientes corporativos, no assessoramento dos executivos quanto à escolha de ativos para formação de portfólio mediante o uso de princípios técnicos e escolha racional dos investimentos. Com os conhecimentos sobre riscos podem-se estabelecer, e por em prática, determinadas estratégias de investimentos como a não concentração de aplicações em determinados títulos, a não concentração em ações de empresas de determinados setores, a formação de carteiras com ativos inversamente correlacionados e/ou a diversificação de portfólio, que é a estratégia das mais utilizadas pelos gestores de capitais ou seja, com a adoção de tais procedimentos as decisões sobre investimentos podem ser planejadas e com isto, os riscos minimizados. / The present work involves theory and practice related to the risks which the investments in bonds of the financial market are subjected, especially to the brazillian financial market. In order to better identify the risks related to the investments of the financial market, becomes necessary the conceptual knowledge of them and, more importantly, the mensuration of those risks, through mathematical and statistical forms, taking in account the foreseen economic scenes as well. With the use of mathematical and statistical forms, the expected return can be obtained as well as the dispersion around the mean, trough the standard deviation, for example. In this context, the financial manager may count on the aid of the controller, a professional that has been more present in the corporative environments, advising the executives on choosing the assets for the formation of the porfolio through the use of technical principles and the rational choice of the investments. With the knowledge about the risks one can establish, and execute, investments strategies as the non-concentration of resources in determined bonds, the non-concentration in companies stocks of determined sectors, the formation of portfolios with assets inversely correlated and/or diversified, which is one of the most used strategies of the capital managers, which means that with the adoption of such procedures the decisions about investments can be planned and then, minimize the risks.