Este trabalho busca analisar o problema da captura das agências reguladoras. Em primeiro lugar, ele aponta as principais funções e a estrutura das agências reguladoras. O Capítulo 2 examina as teorias que se dedicam ao problema e que entendem ocorrer, efetivamente, a captura das agências reguladoras. Neste contexto, trata-se da teoria do ciclo de vida das agências reguladoras e da teoria econômica da regulação. Essas teorias defendem que as agências reguladoras estão intimamente ligadas aos setores econômicos e, desse modo, podem gerar prejuízos ao interesse público. Todavia, nos dias atuais, é difícil definir \"interesse público\" e \"interesse particular\". Assim, esta monografia defende que a captura envolve, em verdade, o comprometimento da imparcialidade dos responsáveis pelo exercício da regulação. O Capítulo 3 é dedicado à realidade brasileira. Aqui, algumas formas de relação entre Estado e Sociedade prevalência de relações informais e pessoais, soluções ad hoc etc. parecem facilitar a ocorrência de captura. Nessa toada, é possível detectar uma forma particular de captura no Brasil: o uso indevido da regulação técnica levada a efeito pelo Poder Central. O Capítulo 4 demonstra as dificuldades de se regular o sistema econômico em uma sociedade complexa. Assim, entende-se que o problema da captura é um risco, que pode (ou não) acontecer. Finalmente, este trabalho tenta expor algumas alternativas para minimizar o risco de captura. Depois de relatar algumas teorias jurídicas que lidam com situações de legalidade fronteiriça (abuso de direito, sham exception e desvio de poder), este trabalho conclui que, para minimizar o risco de captura, é mais adequado promover mudanças institucionais. / This work aims to analyze the capture of regulatory agencies. First of all, it presents the main functions and the structure of regulatory agencies. Chapter 2 examines theories that have recognized the occurrence of capture. In this context, it deals with regulatory agencies life cycle theory and economic theory of regulation. These theories defend that the regulatory agencies are closely linked to industries and, in this way, they harm public interest. Nowadays, it is hard to define public interest and private interest. Therefore, this research defends that regulatory agencies capturing involves, in fact, the impartiality compromising of those who have to exercise the regulation. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the Brazilian reality. Here, some forms of relationship between State and Society informal and personal linkages, ad hoc solutions, etc. seem to facilitate the capturing occurrence. In this manner, it is possible to detect a particular form of capturing in Brazil: undue use of technical regulation in favor of the central Government. Chapter 4 examines the difficulties of the economic system regulation in a complex society, showing capturing as a risk which may (or may not) happen. Finally, this work tries to expose some ways of minimizing this risk. After reporting some law theories which deal with frontiers of legality abuse of rights, sham exception, and abuse of discretion this work concludes that to minimize the risk of capture is more adequate to adopt some institutional changes.

Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) são classificados pela legislação nacional em 5 Grupos, de acordo com os agentes que o constituem (A-biológicos, B-químicos, C-radioativos, D-comuns e E-perfurocortantes). Se não adequadamente gerenciados, desde a segregação até o tratamento e disposição final, podem oferecer riscos ao trabalhador, à saúde pública e ao ambiente. Entre as diferentes fontes geradoras, destacam-se os resíduos de serviços de Atendimento Pré-Hospitala Móvel (APHM), pelas condições em que geralmente são produzidos e também por haver poucos estudos sobre produção de RSS nesse tipo de assistência. Esta pesquisa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, foi realizada em um serviço de APHM no interior de São Paulo, tendo como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico sobre o tipo de gerenciamento dos RSS gerados, bem como verifica possíveis riscos ligados à saúde ocupacional. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em 4 fases incluindo: preparação do campo, elaboração dos instrumentos e coleta e análise dos dados, que foram organizados em planilhas e, posteriormente, categorizados e distribuídos em tabelas procedendo-se a cálculos da média e porcentagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da EERP/USP e autorização dos responsáveis pelo serviço selecionado. Constou de 94 entrevistas com 94% do total de trabalhadores do serviço de APHM 39 observações de campo realizadas em períodos alternados em diurno e noturno e caracterização e quantificação dos resíduos gerados durante 8 dias consecutivos. Dos 94 sujeitos, 36,17% possuem de 31 a 40 anos. Quanto à função no serviço, 36,17% são agentes de enfermagem 30,85% motoristas socorristas, 22,34% médicos, 9,57% enfermeiros e 1,07%, gestor. Do total de sujeitos, 46,81% foram de profissionais de enfermagem. Pelas informações dos sujeitos, referente aos tipos de resíduos gerados no serviço, 88,3% eram do Grupo A, 74,47% Grupo E, 57,45% Grupo D, 19,15% Grupo B e 1,06% Grupo C. Quanto ao manejo dos resíduos, em nenhuma das respostas dos sujeitos foi apontada alguma das etapas do manejo de forma clara e objetiva, não tendo sido também verbalizado conhecimento sobre essa fase de gerenciamento de RSS. A observação de campo permitiu constatar situação semelhante à informada pelos sujeitos destacando-se inadequações em relação ao manejo, como segregação, acondicionamento e loca de armazenamento interno, além da realização de algumas etapas sem demonstração de conhecimento específico dos sujeitos a respeito de normas técnicas e legais sobre RSS. Também foram observadas situações de exposição a possíveis riscos ocupacionais relacionados aos resíduos gerados, com destaque para os do Grupo A (em 38,46% das observações), B (41,03%), e E (25,64%). Pela quantificação foi estimada produção de 112,48kg de resíduos do Grupo D e 48,74kg do Grupo A. O serviço de APHM deste estudo não possui Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (PGRSS), nem gerente de resíduos designado. Pelos resultados, é possível afirmar que o serviço requer planejamento e execução de ações efetivas sobre manejo de RSS, fundamentadas em conhecimento técnico específico, de cunho científico e legal, que deveria ser impulsionado por trabalho de educação permanente. Recomenda-se implantação dessas ações de imediato, visando contribuir para minimização de possíveis riscos de exposição à equipe de saúde, trazendo segurança também para o paciente, comunidade e o ambiente, com consequente impacto na qualidade da assistência prestada / Health Service Waste (HSW) is classified by the national legislation in 5 Groups, according to the constituent agents (A-Biological, B-Chemical, C-Radioactive, D-Common and E-Sharp Waste). If not properly managed from the separation to the final treatment and disposal, they can present risks to the workers who have to deal with them, to the public health and to the environment. Among the different generating sources, it can be highlighted the Mobile Emergency Service (MES), because of the conditions in which the waste is usually produced and also because there are few studies about the production of HSW in this kind of service. This research, with its exploratory and descriptive characteristics, was performed in an MES service in a town inner São Paulo State and aimed to perform a diagnosis about the kind of management the generated HSW would receive, as well as to verify possible risks linked to the occupational health. The collection of data was performed in four different phases, including: field preparation, elaboration of instruments and collection and analysis of data - which were organized in spreadsheets and later divided in tables. The next step was to make calculations about average and percentage. The data collection was performed after approval of the Ethics Research Committee of University of São Paulo and the agreement of the people responsible for the chosen services. It was composed of interviews with 94% of the total of people Who dealt with health, 39 field observations made in alternated night/day shifts and quantification of the waste generated during 8 days. From the 94 subjects, 36.17% were between 31 and 40 years old. As to their occupation, 36.17% were nurse agents, 30.85% were ambulance drivers, 22.34% doctors, 9.57% nurses and 1.07% managers. By the information given by the subjects, 88.3% belonged on Group A, 74.47% to Group E, 57.45% to Group D, 19.15% to Group B and 1.06% to Group C. As concerning to the physical management of the waste, in none of the answers of the subjects referred clearly to knowledge about the proper actions to the handling of RSS. The field observation also allowed the realization of inadequations concerning the handling, deposit conditions and internal storage places, besides some steps of which the subjects did not show proper knowledge related to techniques and legal procedures of RSS. There was also observation of situations of exposition to possible occupational hazards related to generated waste, with highlight to Group A (in 38.46% of the observations made), B (41.03%), and E (25.64%). By the quantification performed, the production of waste was estimated in 112,48kg of residues of Group D and 48.74kg from Group A. The APHM studied in this occasion does not have a Plan of Management of Waste of Health Services (PGRSS) or a designed waste manager. From the results it is possible to state that the service requires effective planning and execution of actions on RSS handling, based on specific legal and technical knowledge that should be kept by a permanent education follow up. The implementation of these actions is recommended at once, aiming to minimize possible exposition risks for the heath team. It will also bring safety for the patients, for the community and to the environment, what will reflect on the quality of the offered services

Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle, com 164 casos de acidentes no trabalho aleatoriamente selecionados e 325 controles, entre empregados de empresas privadas ou públicas, com o objetivo de construir e validar instrumento epidemiológico de avaliação da percepção de trabalhadores, sobre fatores de risco psicossociais para acidentes do trabalho. De vinte e nove variáveis integrantes do questionário auto-respondido com marcações em escala visual analógica, oito variáveis significativas foram selecionadas, pelo seu poder de discriminação da percepção, através de regressão logistica. Foram consideradas agressoras: - brigas com os chefes; presenciar catástrofes nos locais de trabalho; ter sido vitima de agressão ou violência; haver deixado familiar doente em casa; ser pressionado por policiais ou autoridades por causa de acusações de outras pessoas e ter problemas com a própria saúde. Foram protetoras:- tempo de trabalho na função e experimentar insatisfação por executar atividades consideradas indesejáveis. Há evidências de que a percepção individual de pontos chaves nas relações de trabalho está relacionada com fatores que conferem risco e proteção aos trabalhadores e estes podem ser obtidos com instrumento epidemiológico adequado. / A case-control study was performed based on 164 cases of randomly selected work-related accidents and 325 controls amongst employees of private or publicly owned firms, in Campinas, São Paulo, 1992-93. The main objective was developing and validating a specific data collection instrument for perceived psycho-social risks for work accidents with injuries recalling the last seven days. A questionnaire with 29 questions to be answered marking a visual analogue scale was built. Using logistic regression eight variables were found to discriminate cases from controls and were subsequently modeled. Having fought with superiors; having witnessed catastrophic events in the workplace; having been a victim of aggression outside the workplace; leaving an ill family member at home; having suffered police questioning because of accusations by neighbors or others and having self problems with health were found to be aggressive. Protective variables were time experience under the job title and point out having worked on undesirable tasks. The perceptions of individual workers of key aspects of the psycho-social relations within the workplace, are related to factors which confer greater or lesser risk to workers. These perceptions may be obtained using a single instrument for epidemiologic data collection.

O processo de globalização integrou mercados, aumentou o fluxo de capitais entre os países e, apesar da maior abundância de capitais, aumentou a disputa entre países emergentes e desenvolvidos por recursos oriundos do exterior. Em decorrência dessa maior dependência de recursos externos, a capacidade de atrair investimentos se tornou um fator importante para determinar a competitividade do país no cenário internacional. Os investidores consideram a relação entre risco percebido e retorno esperado ao alocar seus recursos internacionalmente e, dessa forma, a correta mensuração do risco incorrido deve ser compatível com a remuneração esperada pelo investimento. Possíveis efeitos da incorreta percepção de risco pelos investidores são a redução do valor dos ativos locais, a maior saída de recursos em decorrência de altos dividendos ou juros e a redução na entrada de recursos do exterior por inibir investidores que buscam opções de baixo risco. Devido a esses efeitos na economia dos países dependentes de recursos, estudaram-se nesta tese três metodologias usualmente empregadas pelos investidores no apreçamento do custo de capital internacional. Essas metodologias de apreçamento analisadas se baseiam em medidas de risco distintas, o que acarretou a inclusão neste trabalho das análises dos riscos que compõem cada modelo. Buscou-se evidenciar se os retornos mensais dos mercados acionários dos países podem ser explicados por três metodologias: o iCAPM, International Capital Asset Pricing Model; o ICC, International Cost of Capital, que utiliza as classificações de crédito dos países, e o GS, modelo da Goldman Sachs, que inclui a diferença das taxas de juros dos títulos soberanos emitidos pelos países em uma mesma moeda. Essas foram estudadas e avaliou-se qual apresenta os resultados mais consistentes para explicar os retornos dos mercados acionários dos países, ou seja, qual é a melhor metodologia de apreçamento do custo do capital internacional. O modelo GS apresentou o maior poder de explicação dos retornos dos países. / The globalization process integrated markets and increased the capital flow through the countries and enhanced the dispute for international money flow by emergent and developed countries despite these funds supply increasing. In result of this higher dependence for external resources, the capacity to attract investments became an important factor to determine the competitiveness of the country in the international scenario. Investors consider the relation between perceived risk and expected return when allocating its resources internationally and the correct estimation of the incurred risk must be compatible with the expected investment return rate. Possible effects of the incorrect perception of risk by the investors are the reduction of the value of the local assets, the higher money outflow as result of higher dividends or interests, and the reduction in the funds inflow for inhibiting investors who search lower risk alternatives. Considering that the incorrect estimation of the international cost of capital can significantly burden the economy of the developing countries we studied methodologies usually utilized by the investors when determining the international capital cost. These analyzed methodologies are based on distinct measures of risk and because that we included in this work analyses of the risks that each model are based on. We studied if capital markets monthly returns can be explained by three methodologies: iCAPM, international capital asset pricing model; the ICC, international cost of capital, that uses the classifications of credit of the countries; and the GS, Goldman Sachs model, that consider the difference of the sovereign bonds issued by different countries in the same currency. We evaluated these three methodologies based on distinct premises of risk and searched to evaluate that one that presents the most consistent results to explain the equity markets returns of the countries, that is, the best methodology of to determine the international cost of capital. The GS model had the best performance to measure the countries capital markets returns.

Trata da problemática dos riscos socioambientais, relacionando-os às fragilidades do ambientes, à vulnerabilidade da sociedade e ao uso e ocupação da terra. Maior ênfase, no entanto, é dada às áreas urbanizadas, em especial na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Referida cidade passou por um crescimento desordenado, que trouxe uma série de problemas socioambientais. O estudo da fragilidade ambiental tem bases teóricas, metodológicas e conceituais na análise ambiental integrada, que perpassa a funcionalidade dos ambientes, considerando, inclusive, os processos históricos de produção e construção do território. A vulnerabilidade social e os padrões de uso e ocupação da terra definem a exposição dos grupos sociais aos riscos. A associação dessas características possibilitou o estabelecimento de diferentes categorias de susceptibilidade aos riscos, considerando de um lado as fragilidades ambientais em face do desenvolvimento das atividades humanas, e, de outro lado, por meio do índice sintético da vulnerabilidade social à distribuição desigual da população e dos riscos no território. Deste modo, foram estabelecidas bases que possam conduzir a um adequado ordenamento do território, com vistas a minimizar a incidência dos riscos socioambientais. / This research is about the issue of socioenvironmental risks and its relations with environmental fragility, the societies vulnerability and land use and occupation. Its focused on urban areas, especially in Fortaleza (CE). The accelerated and disordered occupation in Fortaleza has bought several socioenvironmental problems. The environmental fragility issue has its theoretical, methodological and conceptual bases on integrated analysis that encompasses the environments functionality considering the historical production processes and the construction of territory. The social vulnerability and the land use and occupation patterns define the social groups exposure to risks. The association of such characteristics was used to establish different susceptibility categories to the risks, considering on one hand the environmental fragilities face to human activities development, and in the other, the population distribution and risks on the territory by the synthetic index of social vulnerability. In this sense, bases that lead to an adequate territorial ordering were established aiming to minimize the incidence of socioenvironmental risks.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-02-14T15:55:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Graziela de Oliveira Köhler_.pdf: 2077027 bytes, checksum: 81d12546ed957d999c8c08527ed40537 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T15:55:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Graziela de Oliveira Köhler_.pdf: 2077027 bytes, checksum: 81d12546ed957d999c8c08527ed40537 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente tese versa sobre a responsabilidade civil das organizações produtoras de embalagens plásticas em contato com alimentos ante os riscos produzidos aos consumidores. Os produtos plásticos são fabricados a partir de materiais poliméricos, que, em alguns casos, necessitam passar por técnicas de adição de componentes químicos, a exemplo do Bisfenol A (BPA) e dos Ftalatos. Esses químicos são apontados como maléficos à saúde humana e animal; porém, estudos realizados são dotados de incertezas científicas quanto aos graus de nocividade. Os riscos lançados pelas organizações produtoras de embalagens plásticas geram inegáveis desafios ao instituto da responsabilidade civil que, amparado por uma estrutura fundada na certeza e no passado, não condiz com a complexidade da atualidade. O objetivo central da tese repousa na investigação das dificuldades e das alternativas estruturais da responsabilidade civil no enfrentamento desses riscos. O método-base utilizado para a pesquisa é o pragmático-sistêmico, tendo em vista que apresenta um instrumental que permite a observação da sociedade hipercomplexa e seus processos comunicacionais. O tema é demarcado no âmbito do Direito do consumidor, estendendo-se à lógica de proteção aos direitos difusos. A responsabilidade civil é direcionada a um procedimento evolutivo que se diferencia da tradicional função reparatória, assumindo, assim, um papel de gestora dos riscos e de construtora do futuro. O resultado da pesquisa contempla uma articulação de mecanismos dogmáticos para a assimilação dos riscos das embalagens plásticas, que envolve a adoção da responsabilidade prospectiva instrumentalizada a partir da precaução de danos, a possibilidade de aplicar a responsabilidade sem danos na linha das tutelas inibitórias e, ainda, responsabilizar a omissão da informação acerca das incertezas científicas. A partir desses mecanismos, a pesquisa é direcionada a formatos operativos que atuam no alcance da imputação da cadeia produtiva das embalagens plásticas, como também em complementos argumentativos para o processo decisional nas respectivas ações judiciais. / This thesis concerns the civil liability of food plastic packaging producers for potential health risks associated with plastic materials. Plastics products are made from polymeric materials, and in some cases, they need to go through processes in order to add chemicals, such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Phthalates. These chemicals are seen as harmful to human and animal health; however, there is scientific uncertainty as to the degree of such harmfulness. Safety risks associated with plastic packaging materials generate undeniable challenges to the civil liability Institute, as its outdated structure does not reflect the complexity that exists nowadays. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the problems and determine structural alternatives to address such risks. The method used in the research was the pragmatic-systemic one, given that it presents an instrument, which allows the observation of the hypercomplex society and its communication processes. The theme is presented under the scope of the consumer protection law, extending to consumers’ diffuse rights. Civil liability is directed to an evolutionary procedure that differs from the traditional reparatory function, thus assuming a role as a manager of the risks and a builder of the future. The results include an articulation of dogmatic mechanisms to assimilate the risks of using plastic packaging materials, which involve the adoption of a prospective responsibility through damage precaution, the possibility of imposing liability without damage, such as prohibitory injunctions, and yet, be charged for the omission of information on scientific uncertainty. Through these mechanisms, the research focuses on formats that can reach the plastic packaging production chain, and, also on argumentative supplements that can be used in the decision-making process of lawsuits.

Introduction: In Sweden, 450,000 people suffer from diabetes, of which 10-15% have type 1 diabetes. Individuals who have lived with the disease for a long time run the risk of complications. Physical activity is central to the treatment, but there are risks and obstacles that can lead to the individual avoiding physical activity.  Aim: The purpose is to investigate perceived risks and other obstacles during physical activity for type 1 diabetics.  Methods: The choice of method was a systematic literature study. The databases WorldCat Discovery and Pubmed were used in the search of reports. After the search, 10 reports were selected, and a thematic analysis was applied. Then 3 themes were chosen which were later used to analyze the reports. They were as follows: the fear and the risk of hypoglycemia, the obstacles and remedies in relation to physical activity and behavioral changes in the individual.  Results: The fear of a hypoglycemia prevents the individual from exercising. The result showed that women suffers from anxiety concerning their diabetes to a greater extent than men. Aids such as Continuous Glucose Monitoring can minimize anxiety and the risk of getting into hypoglycemia during physical activity.  Conclusion: Constantly worrying about getting into hypoglycemia can cause the individual to stop caring for the risks associated with the disease. One of the factors that led to the individual being unable to perform physical activity was hyperglycaemia. Continuous blood glucose monitoring as well as support of personnel at exercise facilities can lead to the individual overcoming obstacles and concerns.

Dans les pays en voie de développement, le rythme croissant de l’urbanisation entraîne un rapprochement rapide des habitations aux infrastructures des transports (aéroports, aérogares). En plus de ces constats, les conditions difficiles d’accès aux ressources énergétiques et l’inadéquation des techniques de construction avec le climat et l’environnement, les pays tropicaux doivent s’orienter vers les techniques favorisant l’utilisation du potentiel de construction durable (concepts passifs et bioclimatiques) afin de garantir les conforts (aspects acoustique et thermique) des habitants au sein des bâtiments. Le potentiel de construction durable, actuellement faiblement exploré, est très important dans ces pays. Face à ces défis, le concept de bâtiment durable est l’une des meilleures alternatives pour tisser l’harmonie entre le bâtiment et son environnement. Les techniques de construction durable passent par la connaissance parfaite du site, du climat local, les besoins de conforts (aspects acoustique et thermique) des habitants. Dans le cadre de notre contribution à ces problématiques, une étude d’évaluation de risques affectant les performances des bâtiments a été initiée. Toutefois, la majeure partie des travaux qu'on retrouve dans la littérature se focalise sur l’utilisation des approches analytiques qui s’avèrent parfois insuffisantes, en l’absence de la prise en compte des réalités pratiques. Une méthodologie d’analyse et d’évaluation des risques affectant la performance dans les bâtiments basée sur l’approche de capitalisation et d’exploitation des connaissances issues des processus de retour d’expérience est développée. Deux bâtiments tests (un bâtiment aéroportuaire et un bâtiment résidentiel du type F3B) sont choisis à Bamako afin d’appliquer la méthode d’évaluation avec le concours des experts, des techniciens du secteur du bâtiment et des usagers. Pour le premier bâtiment, l’évaluation est relative aux risques affectant la performance acoustique dans le contexte aéroportuaire tandis pour le second, elle est relative aux risques affectant la performance énergétique dans le contexte bioclimatique. L’effort se concentre sur l'identification des non qualités et des facteurs d’inconfort dont la résolution contribue à améliorer la performance acoustique, énergétique et environnementale des bâtiments. Pour ce faire, des visites de terrain (enquêtes auprès des usagers des bâtiments et interviews auprès des acteurs de la construction) ont été réalisées pour identifier d’une part les besoins et le comportement des habitants et d’autre part les techniques et les connaissances pratiques des acteurs de construction. Des fiches de questionnaires ainsi que des capteurs de mesures in situ (thermomètres, hygromètres et sonomètres) et des logiciels de traitements de données sont utilisés comme outils pour l’évaluation de risques affectant les performances sur les bâtiments tests. Des investigations sous forme de mesures in situ des paramètres (de températures, d’humidité et de niveaux de pression acoustique) respectivement à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du bâtiment aéroportuaire et du bâtiment résidentiel du type F3B sont menées à l’aide de ces capteurs. Ces données sont ensuite traitées à l’aide des logiciels de traitements de données pour intégrer les connaissances et stratégies de construction durable. La capitalisation des informations issues de ces études sert de retour d’expérience à travers des propositions de solutions correctives et de bonnes pratiques pour la résolution des problèmes de performance (les pathologies, les dommages, et les autres dysfonctionnements) observés sur les bâtiments. / In developing countries, the growing importance of urbanization is bringing housing closer to transport infrastructure (airports, air terminals). Beside these observations, the difficult conditions of access to energy resources and the construction techniques inadequacy with the climate and the environment must enable tropical countries to move towards lasting potential construction techniques and use (passive, bioclimatic concepts) in order to guarantee the comfort (acoustic, thermal) of the inhabitants within the buildings. The sustainable construction potential, poorly explored, is very important in these countries. In the face of these challenges, the lasting buildings concept is one of the best alternatives for weaving harmony between the building and its environment. Lasting construction techniques go through a perfect knowledge of the site, the local climate and the inhabitants needs of comfort (acoustic, thermal). As part of our contribution to these issues, a risk assessment study and risk factors for building performance are initiated. However, most of the literature works focuses on the analytical approaches use that are sometimes insufficient, in the absence of taking into account practical realities. An analysis and assessment of risk performance methodology in buildings based on the capitalization and knowledge exploitation approach from return experience processes is developed. Two test buildings (an airport building and a F3B type residential building) are chosen in Bamako in order to apply the evaluation method with experts’ assistance, building technicians and users. For the first building, the assessment is relative to acoustic performance risks in the airport context while for the second; it relative to energy performance risks in the bioclimatic context. The effort focuses on the identification of non-qualities and the discomfort factors whose resolution contributes to improving the building acoustic, energy and environmental performance. To do this, field visits (surveys with building users and interviews with construction stakeholders) were conducted to identify on the one hand the residents’ needs and behavior and on the other hand, the construction actors’ techniques and practical knowledge. Questionnaire forms as well as measuring sensors in-situ (thermometers, hygrometers and sound level meter) and data processing software are used as tools for the performance risks assessment on test buildings. Investigations in the form of in-situ measurements, parameters (temperature, humidity and sound pressure levels) respectively inside and outside the airport and residential building type F3B are carried out with these sensors. These data are then treated with data processing software to integrate lasting construction knowledge and strategies. The capitalization of the information from these studies serves as experience feedback through corrective solutions propositions and good practices for the performance problems resolution (pathologies, damages, and others dysfunctions) observed on buildings.

First year traditional college students required to register in a sequence of remedial courses prior to enrollment in credit-bearing courses often get discouraged by the financial burden and time commitments of this additional work and, subsequently, decide to drop out. The purpose of this qualitative program evaluation was to examine the effectiveness of the remedial adult literacy program being used at a 4-year urban college in the northeast and assess the curriculum alignment with the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) standards. Knowles theory of andragogy, which suggests that adults are self-directed and expect to take responsibility for their own decisions, was the conceptual framework for this study. Research questions addressed participants' perceptions of the current adult literacy program. All 60 students enrolled in the adult literacy program completed open-ended questionnaires and participated in focus group interviews. Two faculty and 3 administrators responsible for the adult literacy program completed questionnaires and participated in individual interviews. Thematic coding and member checks allowed for data triangulation to analyze the findings. Three themes emerged to improve the quality and effectiveness of the current program: reform of instructional program, technology intervention, and enhancing student learning through assessment. Staff members did not think curriculum aligned with CHEA standards. The majority of students and staff preferred a media versus text-based curriculum. Social change is promoted by continued program evaluation and integrating technology in adult literacy programs to improve student achievement and self-efficacy, prompting greater college completion and workforce preparation.

Data governance frameworks are critical to reducing operational costs and risks in the financial industry. Corporate data managers face challenges when implementing data governance frameworks. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that successful corporate data managers in some banks in the United States used to implement data governance frameworks to reduce operational costs and risks. The participants were 7 corporate data managers from 3 banks in North Carolina and New York. Servant leadership theory provided the conceptual framework for the study. Methodological triangulation involved assessment of nonconfidential bank documentation on the data governance framework, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's standard 239 compliance documents, and semistructured interview transcripts. Data were analyzed using Yin's 5-step thematic data analysis technique. Five major themes emerged: leadership role in data governance frameworks to reduce risk and cost, data governance strategies and procedures, accuracy and security of data, establishment of a data office, and leadership commitment at the organizational level. The results of the study may lead to positive social change by supporting approaches to help banks maintain reliable and accurate data as well as reduce data breaches and misuse of consumer data. The availability of accurate data may enable corporate bank managers to make informed lending decisions to benefit consumers.