<p>Denna rapport har skrivits i samband med ett examensarbete i integrerad produktutveckling. Rapporten genomfördes under den avslutande kursen på designingenjörsprogrammet vid högskolan i Skövde 2008 i samarbete med företaget Lundbergs Möbler AB i Tibro.</p><p>Rapporten redogör för designprocessen där en lösning för att integrera företagets iläggsskivor tas fram för deras matbord. Rapporten skildrar projektets olika delar från förstudie till slutligt koncept.</p><p>Projektets inledande förstudie påvisade framförallt hur konkurrenternas lösningsprinciper ser ut, hur hanteringen av dagens iläggsskiva ser ut och dess hanteringsproblem samt ergonomin kring hanteringen av iläggsskivan. Det som framkom i förstudien låg därefter som beslutsunderlag för den fortsatta produktutvecklingen. Dessa områden gav en klarhet i om projektet var genomförbart och vidare vilka fysiska begränsningar och möjligheter projektet hade inför det fortsatta produktutvecklingsarbetet.</p><p>Med den nya kunskapen bakom sig inleddes idégenereringsfasen. Här användes flera olika idégenereringsmetoder för att generera en mängd nya idéer. Idéerna utvecklades sedan för att därefter resultera i tre olika koncept. Förslagen pressenterades därefter för företaget som gick igenom koncepten och beslutade vilket koncept vi skulle arbeta vidare med. Efter företagets val använde vi oss av konceptvalsmatriser i den fortsatta produktutvecklingen för att nå fram till den bästa slutprodukten.</p><p>Till sist framställdes en CAD-modell av det slutgiltiga konceptet och en teknisk prototyp tillverkad utefter denna modell. Prototypen gav en uppfattning om hur väl mekaniken hos konceptet fungerade.</p><p> </p> / <p>This report covers the result of a final thesis in Product Design Engineering, in partial fulfillment of the Product Design Engineering program held at the University of Skövde. This report describes a project that was carried out in conjunction with Lundbergs Möbler in Tibro.</p><p>The objective of the report is to convey the design process of integrating a table leaf into a Lundbergs dining table. The report will also present the product as it goes through the whole design process from idea, materializing in a prototype and concluding to a final concept/product.</p><p>A pre study displays an overall view of product handling and current market solutions of today's table leaves, where handling issues and ergonomics of table leaf usage is illuminated. The information from the pre study has determined the feasibility of the project and has also been utilized as a foundation for a project specification upon which further product development can commence.</p><p>With the information from the pre study as a foundation, the idea generation phase could begin. Different creativity methods are used to bring forth several innovatory ideas that can be utilized in improving the product. These ideas were improved on and evaluated to result in three different concepts. These concepts were then presented to Lundbergs Möbler who went through them and decided which concept to go forward with. Conceptual matrices were then used to steer further development of the product.</p><p>When the concept was developed to satisfaction a CAD-model and a physical prototype has been built from the specifications and measurements from the CAD program. The prototype demonstrated the function of the mechanism that had resulted from the project. The prototype that resulted from integrating a table leaf in a dining table gave a functional mechanism that could be taken into production.</p><p> </p>

Background: Whereas good data are available on the resuscitation of infants, little is known regarding support of postnatal transition in low-risk term infants after c-section. The present study was performed to describe current delivery room (DR) management of term infants born by c-section in our institution by analyzing videos that were recorded within a quality assurance program. Methods: DR- management is routinely recorded within a quality assurance program. Cross-sectional study of videos of term infants born by c-section. Videos were analyzed with respect to time point, duration and number of all medical interventions. Study period was between January and December 2012. Results: 186 videos were analyzed. The majority of infants (73%) were without support of postnatal transition. In infants with support of transition, majority of infants received respiratory support, starting in median after 3.4 minutes (range 0.4-14.2) and lasting for 8.8 (1.5-28.5) minutes. Only 33% of infants with support had to be admitted to the NICU, the remaining infants were returned to the mother after a median of 13.5 (8-42) minutes. A great inter- and intra-individual variation with respect to the sequence of interventions was found. Conclusions: The study provides data for an internal quality improvement program and supports the benefit of using routine video recording of DR-management. Furthermore, data can be used for benchmarking with current practice in other centers.

Οι τεχνικές προσανατολισμένης λήψης έχουν μελετηθεί εκτενώς τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, καθώς βρίσκουν εφαρμογή σε διάφορους τομείς. Ωστόσο, για σήματα ευρείας ζώνης το πρόβλημα αυτό δεν έχει διερευνηθεί διεξοδικά. Σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας είναι να αναδείξει τις δυνατότητες και τους εγγενής περιορισμούς των τεχνικών προσανατολισμένης λήψης. Στα πρώτα κεφάλαια παρουσιάζονται οι θεμελιώδεις έννοιες της επεξεργασίας σημάτων σε διατάξεις μικροφώνων και οι πιο ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενες τεχνικές προσανατολισμένης λήψης. Στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο πραγματοποιούνται εξοικειώσεις πραγματικών ακουστικών συνθηκών σύμφωνα με το πρότυπο ETSI EG 202 396. Το μη-ανηχοϊκό μοντέλο υιοθετείται και πραγματικά ακουστικά σήματα λαμβάνονται από γραμμικές διατάξεις μικροφώνων. Ακόμη, η τεχνική ημίτονου εκθετικής σάρωσης χρησιμοποιείται για την εκτίμηση της κρουστικής απόκρισης των Ν-ακουστικών καναλιών. Τέλος, το μοντέλο 3-QUEST χρησιμοποιείται για την μέτρηση της ποιότητας ομιλίας σε θορυβώδη περιβάλλοντα. / Beamforming techniques have been studied extensively due to its applications in various areas. However, most of the efforts have been focused on the narrowband case. For wideband signals, this problem has not been thoroughly investigated. This thesis aims is to highlight potentials and the limitations of the conventional beamforming techniques. In the first chapters, the fundamental array processing theory and the most widely used beamforming techniques are presented. In the last chapter, different real-world acoustic scenarios are simulated according to ETSI EG 202 396-3 standard. In the simulations, the reverberant model is assumed and real audio signals are captured by a linear microphone array. The coefficients of the spatial filter are computed with the MVDR criterion. Moreover, acoustic impulse responses measurements are presented and performed for the construction of the steering vector. The speech quality in presence of background noise is measured by the 3-QUEST model.

Inom den svenska förskolan har antalet barn ökat i barngrupperna samtidigt som resurserna har minskat. I det ökade barngrupperna skapas det en större oro bland barnen. Pedagogerna inom den svenska förskolan upplever att det blir mycket spring och konflikter. Detta gör att pedagogerna strävar efter att hitta nya arbetssätt som minskar oron och konflikterna bland barnen. Mitt syfte i denna studie är att undersöka hur en förskola genomförde en förändringsprocess kring sin innemiljö, det vill säga rum, möblering och material. Syftet är även att studera hur barns sociala samspel påverkas av den nya miljön där kommunikationen och interaktionen det vill säga samspelet mellan barn-barn och barn-miljö är som en viktig del i barnens lärande. I interaktioner mellan barnen stimuleras språket och språket stimulerar barnens tänkande. En viktig del i interaktionen är miljön. Miljön har en betydelsefull roll för att stimulera barnens utveckling och lärande. Metoden för studien har bestått i kvalitativa intervjuer och studien är utförd på en förskola med fem informanter som är pedagoger. Resultatet av studien visar att för att en förändringsprocess ska bli framgångsrik behövs det inspirerande och lyhörda ledare. Ledarna behöver ge sina medarbetare tid att gå igenom förändringsprocessens alla steg. Solrosens förskola vill ge en tillgänglig, inspirerande och utmanande innemiljö där barnen får utvecklas i sin egen takt. Efter förskolans förändringsprocess, är deras innemiljö inte längre hemlik utan en miljö gjord för att barn ska bli inspirerade, kreativa och utvecklas som individer. / There is a great increase of the number of children in Swedish preschools and in the same time there is less resources. With the increase of the size of the group of children we have a growth of greater anxiety. The teachers in Swedish preschool experience a lot of running around and conflicts. This means that the teachers strives to find a new way to decrease the anxiety and conflicts among the children. The purpose of my study is to examine how one preschool carried out a change process in their indoor environment concerning the room, furniture and material. The purpose is also to study how children’s social interaction is affected by the new environment, there communication and interaction that is between child –child and child- environment which is a great deal of importance to a child’s learning process. This interaction between children stimulates their language which in its turn stimulates the children´s thinking. An important deal in interaction is the environment. The environment has an important part in stimulating the children´s development and learning. My method has included qualitative interviews and the study is done on a preschool with five informants which are teachers. The result of the study shows that to get a successful changing process the leaders has to be inspiring and perceptive. The leaders need to give their collaborators the time to go through every step of the changing process. The preschool Solrosen is keen on offering an accessible, inspiring and challenging indoor environment for children to develope in their own pace. After the preschools changing process, their indoor environments is no longer like a home, instead it has become a place for children to be inspired, creative and develope into individuals.

The aim of this essay is to examine the relationship between picture and room, between wallpainting and architecture. The basis for such exploration is the mural painting in Sweden at the turn of the 20th century, and the artist in focus is Prince Eugen (1865-1947). His works "Sommar"(1904), "Rimfrosr"(1909) &amp; "Staden vid vattnet"(1922) and the rooms in which they are in make for an anlysis concerning how the totality of the space is experienced by the viewer. The main issue in mentioned expeience is how the mural is perceived with regard to the other elements in the room. And here, the walls' "flatness" enhancing its decorative qualities plays in. The problem with a mural built on the principles of perspective becomes evident when a wall is seen to vanish through the painting of an illusion on it.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie är att utforma ett förslag på hur ett informationsmaterial om tvättstugan kan utformas så att även invandrade med begränsade eller inga färdigheter i svenska språket kan läsa och förstå. Studien avser även söka svar på huruvida ett sådant informationsmaterial kan påverka negativa beteenden associerade med användning av gemensamma tvättstugor, och till vilken grad. Detta eftersom informationsmaterialet är menat att bidra till att förebygga felanvändning av utrustning, samt bristande hänsyn till regler i tvättstugan. Den empiriska grunden utgörs primärt av problemsökande intervjuer genomförda med både boende och anställda hos Kommunfastigheter i Eskilstuna. Intervjuerna visar att det förekommer många olika problem i de gemensamma tvättstugorna, samt att det finns tecken på att det kan behövas ett bättre anpassat informationsmaterial. Resultatet visar att ett informationsmaterial om hur man använder tvättstugan inte kan förväntas påverka negativa beteenden i någon stor utsträckning och bör därför kombineras med andra åtgärder för att uppnå en nivå av påverkan som kan leda till beteendeförändring. / The purpose of this study is to develop a proposal for how information about the laundry room can be designed so that even immigrants with limited or no skills in the Swedish language can read and understand. The study will also seek answers to whether such information can affect the negative behaviors associated with the use of common laundry rooms, and to what degree. This is because the information material is meant to help prevent misuse of the equipment, and lack of consideration for the rules in the laundry. The empirical basis consists primarily of problem seeking interviews conducted with both residents and employees of Kommunfastigheter in Eskilstuna. The interviews show that there are many problems in the common laundry rooms, and there are signs that there may be a need for more appropriate information. The results show that information about how to use the laundry room cannot be expected to affect the negative behaviors to any large extent, and should therefore be combined with other measures in order to achieve a level of influence that can lead to behavioral change.

Il est bien établi que l'exposition à court terme aux particules fines dans l’air ambiant en milieu urbain a des effets sur la santé. Toutefois, peu d'études épidémiologiques ont évalué la relation entre les particules fines (PM2.5) de sources spécifiques comme celles dérivées de feux de forêt et les effets sur la santé. Pour l’instant, les risques de mortalité et de morbidité associés aux PM2.5 résultant de la combustion de végétation semblent similaires à ceux des PM2.5 urbaines. Dans le présent mémoire, nous avons comparé deux méthodes pour quantifier les risques de mortalité et de morbidité associés à l'augmentation des niveaux de PM2.5 à Montréal, dérivées de deux épisodes des feux de forêts majeurs dans le Nord du Québec. La première approche consistait à comparer les décès et les visites aux urgences observées enregistrées au cours des deux épisodes à Montréal à leurs moyennes respectives attendues durant des jours de référence. Nous avons également calculé la surmortalité et la surmorbidité prédites attribuables aux PM2.5 lors des épisodes, en projetant les risques relatifs (RR) rapportés par l’Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) des États-Unis pour les PM2.5 urbaines, ainsi qu’en appliquant des fonctions de risque estimées à partir des données estivales spécifiques à Montréal. Suivant la première approche, nous avons estimé une surmortalité de +10% pendant les deux épisodes. Cependant, aucune tendance claire n'a été observée pour les visites à l'urgence. Et suivant la 2e approche, la surmortalité prédite attribuable aux niveaux des PM2.5 dérivées des feux de forêt étaient moins élevés que ceux observés, soit de 1 à 4 cas seulement. Une faible surmortalité attribuable aux niveaux élevés des PM2.5 issues de feux de la forêt boréale du Québec a été estimée par les fonctions de risque ainsi que par la méthode de comparaison des décès observés aux moyennes attendues, sur l’Île de Montréal, située à des centaines de km des sites de feux. / The association between adverse health effects and short term exposure to urban particulate matter in ambient air is well established. Few epidemiological studies have assessed the relation between fine particles (PM2.5) of specific sources like forest fires, and health effects. According to the published literature to date, risks of mortality and morbidity associated with PM2.5 from combustion sources appear similar to those of urban PM2.5. In the present thesis, we compared two methods to quantify mortality and morbidity risks associated with the increase in PM2.5 levels in Montreal, due to two major forest fire episodes in Northern Quebec. In the first approach we compared mortality and emergency room visits counts recorded during the episodes to their respective averages expected on “usual” days. We also calculated deaths and emergency room visits attributable to PM2.5 levels on episode days, using the range of relative risks (RRs) reported by the United-States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for urban PM2.5 levels, as well as specific risk functions developed with Montreal summer data. With the first method, increases of deaths of more than 10% were observed for both episodes. However no clear tendency was observed in emergency room visits. Estimated attributable deaths associated with the increase in PM2.5 levels were smaller than those observed and ranged between 1 to 4 cases. PM2.5 from Quebec boreal forest fires were associated with small increases in mortality estimated either with the risk function method or by contrasting observed deaths on “episode” days to“usual” days, on the Island of Montreal, hundreds of kilometers away from the fire sites.

This thesis focus on the presentation of the filmic room the viewer sees in George A. Romero´s three horror classics Night, Dawn and Day of the Dead. The hypothesis goes as follow; fear and element of tension becomes greater if the audience/viewer has a good knowledge about the filmic room in the film, in other words, a good spatial awareness. The conclusion is that it does. The environment is active in its becoming and in its presentation to the viewer. Rooms and places, even objects, is a catalyst and a mean to create emotion. To tackle the problem regards to human emotion, which is highly subjective, ANT (actant-network-theory) is used. This theory is a tool to help decode what it is we find emotionally enticing regards to room and objects in the films.

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) est un pathogène majeur en santé publique comme les épisodes de 2008 dans les fromages et les charcuteries l’ont démontré. Au Canada, il n’y a pas de surveillance règlementaire de ce microorganisme dans les étapes précédant la transformation de produits prêts-à-manger. Ainsi, la présence et la circulation de ce microorganisme dans ces environnements est peu documentée. Pour décrire ces phénomènes, nous avons effectué un échantillonnage dans une usine d’abattage et de découpe de porcs au Québec, principalement dans les parcs d’attente, et dans l’environnement de l’abattage et de découpe : les échantillonages ont été effectués après lavage et désinfection sur une période de 2 ans. Un nombre de 874 échantillons a été récoltés. Le protocole de détection utilisé était inspiré de la méthode MFHPB-30 de Santé Canada. Les sérotypes ont été obtenus par PCR et les isolats caractérisés par un génotypage RFLP-PFGE en utilisant les enzymes de restriction Apa1 et Asc1. Nous avons détecté la présence de Listeria monocytogemes dans toutes ces étapes de la production. De ces échantillons positifs, 4 sérotypes (principalement 1/2b) ont émergé. Les patrons PFGE ont démontré la présence d’une variété de génotypes dans les zones d’attente et d’abattage de l’usine et la présence d’un type majeur dans l’environnement de la zone de découpe (le type 1 représentant 96.1% des souches à cette étape). De plus, nous avons démontré des liens entre les souches retrouvés au début de la production, en attente, et les souches retrouvées dans la zone de découpe. Ces résultats suggèrent que Listeria monocytogenes entre dans l’usine avec les animaux, contamine les étapes suivantes de la production et que certaines souches peuvent être sélectionnées et leur croissance favorisé dans l’environnement, devenant majoritaires, persistantes et préoccupantes en regars de la santé publique. / Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a major public health concern as it was illustrated by the 2008 episodes in cheese and ready-to-eat meat. In Canada, there is currently no surveillance policy of this microorganism in the production steps preceding transformation of ready-to-eat products. The presence and the circulation of this microorganism in these environments is not well documented either. To describe these parameters, we sampled a Quebec slaughtering and cutting plant in the lairage pens and on representative areas of the slaughter process and cutting rooms after washing and disinfection, during a two-year period. A total of 874 samples were collected. Listeria detection followed the MFHPB-30 Health Canada standard method, serotype confirmation was obtained by PCR and isolates were characterized by Apa1 and Asc1 RFLP-PFGE genotyping. We reported detection of Listeria monocytogenes in all stages of production. Among the positive samples, 4 different serovars (mainly 1/2b) emerged. PFGE patterns showed presence of a variety of different genotypes in the lairage and slaughtering areas of the plant and the presence of a major type in the environment of the cutting room (type 1 representing 96.1% of the strains at this step). Furthermore, strains found at the lairage pens were related to strains in the cutting room. These results suggest that Listeria monocytogenes can enter the plant with the animals, contaminate further production steps and that some strains can be selected and their growth promoted in the environment. Hence, becoming predominant, persistant and a food safety issue.