Aqui se explora a questão da apreensão do espaço do mundo conhecido no século V a.C, principalmente, a partir da obra do historiador grego Heródoto. Para isso parte-se da percepção do espaço do mundo, dividido em porções de acordo com uma cultura, a grega, para em seguida se estabelecer uma tipologia dos espaços do mundo, entendendo alguns momentos importantes da demarcação geográfica do planeta, dos povos e culturas. Num segundo momento a busca caminha para um tipo específico de espaço: aquele que é sacralizado pela cultura. Dessa forma entende-se que a cultura cria uma paisagem sagrada erigida a partir de lugares classificados através de uma tipologia que estabelecemos segundo a utilização do termo hieros e suas variantes, por Heródoto. Espaço sacralizado transformado em paisagem. No último momento, com base da tipologia do espaço sagrado, busca-se o sagrado entre Homero e Heródoto, entendendo as ligações como parte de um todo cultural de dois indivíduos que se preocupam em registrar o mundo, seus povos e culturas bem como as especificidades de suas relações com o meio em que vivem, mormente o sagrado. / Here the subject of the apprehension of the space of the known world is explored in the V century b.C., mainly, starting from the Greek historian's work Herodotus. For that begins of the perception of the space of the world, divided in portions in agreement with a culture, the Greek, for soon after to settle down a typology of the spaces of the world, understanding some important moments of the geographical demarcation of the planet, of the people and cultures. In a second moment the search bed for a specific type of space: that sacralizade for the culture. In that way understands each other that the culture creates a sacred landscape erected starting from places classified through of a typology that we established according to the use of the term hieros and your variants, by Herodotus. Sacred space transformed in sacred landscape. In the last moment, with base in the typology of the sacred space, the sacred is looked for between Homer and Herodotus, understanding the connections as part of an all cultural of two individuals that you/they worry in registering the world, our people and cultures as well as the specific details of your relationships with the sacred. (rever)

L'objet de cette thèse est d'étudier les occurrences du surnaturel dans le roman féminin guadeloupéen contemporain. Il s'agit de romans d'écrivains guadeloupéens, c'est-à-dire nées en Guadeloupe (Michèle Lacrosil, Maryse Conde), ou de parents guadeloupéens, ayant vécu en Guadeloupe (Simone Schwarz Bart, Gisèle Pineau)Chaque œuvre a été choisie car elle représente une période du XXème siècle, ainsi que la sensibilité qui peut lui être associée, mais aussi un mode de réception populaire et savante, et une manière d'être au monde en évolution: demain, jab-herma pour les années 1960-1970, moi, tituba, sorcière…pour les années 1980-1990 et la grande drive des esprits pour les années 1990-2000.Chacun de ces romans a pour thématique le surnaturel: le héros éponyme de demain, jab-herma est un sorcier, de même que les héroïnes des romans de Schwarz Bart et de conde, associées, parfois malgré elles, aux pratiques magiques. La grande drive des esprits est une grande fresque familiale parcourant le XXème siècle guadeloupéen, dont plusieurs des personnages sont affubles de dons surnaturels.Afin de déterminer quelle est la place du surnaturel dans le roman féminin guadeloupéen contemporain, nous en avons préalablement effectué un état des lieux: il prend son essor au XXème siècle, grâce aux auteurs de notre corpus et à travers notamment cette thématique du surnaturel. Nous avons ensuite défini précisément les termes lies au surnaturel; au magico-religieux et au sacre, afin d'en déterminer la place en Guadeloupe. Nous avons d'abord étudié la place accordée par les auteurs aux différents héritages culturels, puis nous avons déterminé en quoi le syncrétisme guadeloupéen tel qu'on le retrouve dans la littérature est original au sein du bassin caribéen, en nous attachant enfin à l'étude du surnaturel dans les croyances populaires en Guadeloupe. Enfin, nous avons étudié la place de l'imaginaire fantastique dans le roman féminin guadeloupéen. La pensée magique est un moyen, pour l'esclave ou le descendant d'esclave, sans pouvoir aucun, de reprendre son destin en main. En outre, le roman illustre le rôle social du magico-religieux.Nous souhaitions ainsi dégager les traits, les caractéristiques du surnaturel en tant que paramètre esthétique du roman guadeloupéen, afin de montrer qu'il s'agit bien d'un élément de définition de ce roman féminin guadeloupéen du XXème siècle. Cette étude nous a amenée aux conclusions suivantes: le surnaturel participe de la weltanschauung, de la conception du monde, définie par le roman féminin guadeloupéen. Les symboles, les figures, les expressions: l'ensemble de la vie du personnage de roman est bercé par le surnaturel, et qu'il choisisse ou non de le renier - les deux cas étant évoqués dans les textes - il ne peut y échapper. Une esthétique propre au roman féminin guadeloupéen apparait ainsi, montrant l'importance des femmes au sein d'une société largement ancrée dans le surnaturel, rythmant la parole, les coutumes et même la vie publique; / This thesis studies the occurrences of supernatural in Guadeloupe’s feminine novel. The writers are all women from Guadeloupe: they were born there (Lacrosil, Conde) or their parents come from Guadeloupe and they grew up there (Schwarz-Bart, Pineau). Every novel evokes a literary period of the 20th century: demain jab-herma (1960-1970), Pluie et vent sur Telumée miracle (1970-1980), moi, tituba, sorciere… (1980-1990) and la Grande drive des esprits (1990-2000).Every novel is based on supernatural: demain, jab-herma's hero is a sorcerer, such as Schwarz-Bart and Conde’s heroes. La Grande drive des esprits describes a family through the 20th century in Guadeloupe and a few characters have supernatural powers. We first made an inventory of contemporary feminine novels: it rises at the 20th century, thanks to our writers and through this supernatural theme. Then, we studied supernatural, religious magical, sacred's role in Guadeloupe: where it comes from, its place in Caribbean, its popular role. Finally, we studied fantastic imaginary's place: how it allows unpowerful slaves and slaves' children to think themselves powerful, the novel shows the social role of magical religious.We wanted to show how supernatural partly defines Guadeloupe’s novel. In conclusion, this study reveals how supernatural makes part of the weltanshauung, the way the people from Guadeloupe can see the world; the characters' whole life is made of supernatural, from birth to death; supernatural shows women's fundamental role, and appears as well in speaking, customs and public life.

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a poética de Patativa do Assaré (Antônio Gonçalves da Silva). O viés se refere às "marcas" do sagrado em sua obra. A abordagem tem como ponto de partida a oralidade, tendo em vista que a poesia em questão é essencialmente oral. Em seguida, faz-se um perfil do poeta destacando aspectos considerados relevantes em sua trajetória. Segue-se a apresentação de suas principais obras, antes "armazenadas"na mente e no coração do vate, agora convergindo para a letra no papel, bem como para outras mediações, por exemplo, na música, no cinema, no teatro, na internet. Finalmente, discorre-se sobre os aspectos do sagrado, considerando o corpus de poemas escolhido. A pesquisa tem caráter interdisciplinar, entre outras contribuições, ela se apoia na teoria literária, na filosofia, na sociologia da religião e na teologia. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-23T19:12:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Antonio Iraildo Alves Brito.pdf: 743011 bytes, checksum: ed909290d41e266a9eefae5117215667 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-23T19:12:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Antonio Iraildo Alves Brito.pdf: 743011 bytes, checksum: ed909290d41e266a9eefae5117215667 (MD5) / This study deals with the Patativa do Assaré´s poetics (Antônio Gonçalves da Silva). The bias refers to the "marks" of the sacred in his work. The approach takes as its starting point the orality, having in view that the poetry at issue is essentially oral. Afterwards, one makes a profile of the poet highlighting important aspects considered in his trajectory. Then, there follows the presentation of his major works, before "stored" in the bard´s mind and heart, now converging to the letter on paper, as well as to other mediations, for example, in music, film, theater, on the Internet. Finally, one talks about the aspects of the sacred, considering the chosen corpus of poems. The research has an interdisciplinary character, among other contributions, it is based on literary theory, philosophy, sociology of religion and theology.

S’appuyant sur la petite structure créée à Pau, en 1862, les Mauméjean, père et fils, réussirent à développer une véritable firme internationale - basée en France (Paris, Hendaye) et en Espagne (Madrid, Barcelone, Saint-Sébastien) - qui, durant près d’un siècle, travailla à l’ornementation d’un nombre considérable d’édifices civils et religieux disséminés dans plus de vingt-cinq pays. Récompensé lors de l’Exposition des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes de 1925, leur travail fut pourtant, dès les années 1950, décrié, dévalorisé : pour répondre aux critères de la « noble expression artistique » un maître verrier devait nécessairement produire peu, dans une petite structure, avec de petits moyens. L’incroyable quantité de verrières sorties des ateliers Mauméjean contribua à forger le mythe d’une production sérielle, dépourvue de toute valeur esthétique. Malgré de récents apports, les recherches menées dans le domaine du vitrail semblent profondément marquées par cette traditionnelle opposition entre fabrication à grande échelle et artisanat. S’appuyant sur un large catalogue d’œuvres conservées en France, en Espagne ou aux États-Unis, ainsi que sur l’analyse d’un très riche fonds d’atelier, cette étude se propose d’interroger ces modèles de production, tout en réévaluant l’apport artistique d’une manufacture qui, offrant un remarquable exemple de réussite, participa activement au renouveau des arts industriels franco espagnols. / The Mauméjean family, father and sons, managed to develop a real international firm, from the small business they created in Pau, in 1862. For almost a century, this international firm, based in France (Paris and Hendaye) and Spain (Madrid, Barcelona and Saint-Sébastien), worked on the ornamentation of a significant number of both civil and religious edifices, scattered over more than twenty-five countries. Though their work was rewarded during the 1925 Exhibition of Decorative and Modern Industrial Arts, it was also disparaged and depreciated, as early as the 1950’s. Indeed, to meet the criteria of the “noble artistic expression”, a master glazier had to produce small quantities, in a small structure, and with little resources. The incredible quantity of windows realised by the Maumejeans’ workshop contributed to the creation of the myth of a mass production, devoid of aesthetic value. In spite of new contributions, researches made in the field of stained-glass windows seem to be marked by this traditional opposition between mass production and craft production. Relying on a large catalogue of works kept in France, Spain, or even in the USA, as relying on the analysis of a very extensive workshop collection, this study offers to question these models of production, reappraising the new artistic dimension brought by a manufacture which, giving a remarkable example of success, actively took part in the revival of the Franco-Spanish industrial arts.

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Através da pesquisa de campo realizada nas festas de Corpus Christi da cidade de Matão/SP nos anos 2011 e 2012, são abordados os temas festa, imagem, cultura e sagrado. Especificamente focada na confecção dos tapetes, são observados e analisados seus processos e representações em aspectos individuais e coletivos. São inúmeros seus significados e interpretações se o percebemos em sua forma viva de seu lastro histórico até os dias atuais. Saliento a importância do registro desta manifestação cultural, pois através dele do estudo de suas imagens e significações buscamos um maior entendimento de como este evento acontece e de como é percebida e interiorizada pelo seu público / Through field research feasts of Corpus Christi city Matão / SP in the years 2011 and 2012 are discussed themes 'party', 'image', 'culture' and 'sacred'. Specifically in the manufacture of carpets, are observed and analyzed their processes and representations in individual and collective aspects. Countless their meanings and interpretations are realized in the form of its ballast living history to the present day. I note the importance of this cultural event registration, for through it - the study of images and their meanings - seek a greater understanding of how this event happens and how it is perceived and internalized by its audience

Nessa tese de doutorado busquei apresentar relações e encontros ocorridos entre uma enfermeira, que trabalha com espiritualidade e cachimbo, num Centro Espiritual, com comunidades indígenas entre a etnia Guarani e curandeiros de Puebla no México. Apresentando essas relações trouxe temas da Espiritualidade, sua importância nos momentos atuais tanto na Educação como na Saúde. Dentro da Espiritualidade, uma abordagem sobre a Nova Era e o Neo-xamanismo, a partir de diversos autores e pesquisadores dessas linhas. Também, dentro da linha da Nova Era, apresento algumas tradições xamânicas e rituais utilizados com Plantas Sagradas, ou Plantas Enteógenas. Entre os trabalhos antropológicos com indígenas, apresento uma visão atual das dificuldades encontradas com a falta de terras, dificuldade nas políticas públicas em relação aos povos indígenas. Apresento alguns trabalhos junto aos Guarani, aprofundando o tema Xamanismo, mas na perspectiva das mulheres xamã, das Kunha Karaí, que usam o cachimbo (petÿguá) para o trabalho de cura. A pesquisa foi feita a partir de um trabalho etnográfico, desenvolvido em algumas aldeias Guarani do estado do RS e um contato no México com algumas curandeiras de Puebla. Com o povo Guarani a abordagem etnográfica aprofundou o tema da educação a partir da Palavra e do Conselho, que são fundamentais para a construção da pessoa Guarani. / In this doctorate thesis, I sought to present the relations and meetings occurred between a nurse, which works with spirituality and pipe in an Spiritual Center, with indigenous communities including the Guarani ethnicity and healers from Puebla, in Mexico. By presenting these relations, subjects related to Spirituality arises, together with its current importance in Education and Health. Within Spirituality, we present an approach about New Age and Neoshamanism, from many authors and researches of these subjects. Additionally, within the New Age subject, I present some of the shamanic traditions and rituals using Sacred Plants or Entheogenic Plants. Considering the anthropologic work made with indigenous, I present a current view of the challenges found by landlessness, difficulties in public policies in relation to indigenous people. I also present some work about the Guarani people, deepening the Shamanism subject in the shamanic women perspective, the Kunha Karaí, which use the pipe (petÿguá) for the spiritual healing work. This research was made from a ethnographic work, developed in some Guarani villages in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and a contact in Mexico with some healers of Puebla. With the Guarani people the ethnographic approach deepened the education subject from the Word and the Council, which are fundamental to the construction of the Guarani person.

Tutelar Apus and Settlements in Preinka CuscoThe mountains which define the valley of Cusco and which were responsible for its occupation have been considered sacred within the context of Andean magico-religiosity. These geographical features —reverentially referred to as apus, wakas and paqarinas— constituted sites in the landscape that gave rise to important historical and mythical events. As real and tangible places, these landscape features engendered and nourished the different ayllus during the pre-Hispanic hegemony of these human groups within the valley. / Los cerros que definen al valle del Cusco han sido considerados sagrados dentro del contexto mágico-religioso andino, lo que indujo a su ocupación. Dichos accidentes geográficos —reverenciados como apus, wakas y paqarinas— constituyeron los escenarios en los que se protagonizaron importantes acontecimientos históricos y míticos. Como elementos tangibles y reales, enraizaron y fortalecieron a los diferentes ayllus y grupos humanos del valle durante la hegemonía andina prehispánica.

Neste trabalho, desenvolvemos uma reflexão sobre uma das principais obras do romance gótico e da prosa de ficção romântica em língua inglesa Melmoth the Wanderer (1820), do clérigo dublinense Charles Robert Maturin (1782-1824). Buscamos analisar Melmoth como um sermão gótico irlandês, isto é, um híbrido de romance gótico e sermão sacro, cuja forma é estruturada pelo contexto sócio-histórico da Irlanda do início do século XIX, época caracterizada pelo acirramento das tensões entre católicos e protestantes. Nessa análise, consideramos também a produção sermonística e ensaística do autor. A religião, que se mostra o princípio organizador do romance, foi entendida em sua natureza dialética entre o eterno, as doutrinas teológicas e suas proposições transcendentais, e o temporal, a práxis dos fiéis no mundo. Demonstramos como o escritor-reverendo utiliza uma série de procedimentos retórico-argumentativos da oratória sagrada na tessitura do romance a fim de amplificar o seu grau persuasivo, transformando-o em arma de propaganda política contra a campanha pela Emancipação Católica. Discutimos ainda a fortuna crítica e a recepção do romance em vários países europeus, em especial na França, onde influenciou sobremaneira escritores como Honoré de Balzac, Victor Hugo e Charles Baudelaire. / This study looks at one of the masterpieces of the Gothic novel and the Romantic prose fiction in the English language: Melmoth the Wanderer (1820), written by the Dubliner cleric Charles Robert Maturin (1782-1824). One tries to analyze Melmoth as an Irish Gothic sermon, ie, a hybrid of gothic novel and sermon whose shape is structured by the sociohistorical context of 19th century Ireland, a period characterized by the deepening of tensions between Catholics and Protestants. This analysis also takes into account Maturin´s sermons and essays. Religion, which is the organizing principle of the novel, is understood in this study by its dialectic between the eternal (theological doctrines and their transcendental propositions), and the temporal (the practice of the faithful in the world).The study argues that the writer-cleric uses a series of rhetorical-argumentative procedures of sacred oratory in the making of the novel in order to increase its persuasive appeal, turning it into a weapon of political propaganda against the campaign for Catholic emancipation. It also assesses the novel´s reviews and reactions in several European countries, particularly in France, where it greatly influenced writers such as Honoré de Balzac, Victor Hugo, and Charles Baudelaire.

Nessa tese de doutorado busquei apresentar relações e encontros ocorridos entre uma enfermeira, que trabalha com espiritualidade e cachimbo, num Centro Espiritual, com comunidades indígenas entre a etnia Guarani e curandeiros de Puebla no México. Apresentando essas relações trouxe temas da Espiritualidade, sua importância nos momentos atuais tanto na Educação como na Saúde. Dentro da Espiritualidade, uma abordagem sobre a Nova Era e o Neo-xamanismo, a partir de diversos autores e pesquisadores dessas linhas. Também, dentro da linha da Nova Era, apresento algumas tradições xamânicas e rituais utilizados com Plantas Sagradas, ou Plantas Enteógenas. Entre os trabalhos antropológicos com indígenas, apresento uma visão atual das dificuldades encontradas com a falta de terras, dificuldade nas políticas públicas em relação aos povos indígenas. Apresento alguns trabalhos junto aos Guarani, aprofundando o tema Xamanismo, mas na perspectiva das mulheres xamã, das Kunha Karaí, que usam o cachimbo (petÿguá) para o trabalho de cura. A pesquisa foi feita a partir de um trabalho etnográfico, desenvolvido em algumas aldeias Guarani do estado do RS e um contato no México com algumas curandeiras de Puebla. Com o povo Guarani a abordagem etnográfica aprofundou o tema da educação a partir da Palavra e do Conselho, que são fundamentais para a construção da pessoa Guarani. / In this doctorate thesis, I sought to present the relations and meetings occurred between a nurse, which works with spirituality and pipe in an Spiritual Center, with indigenous communities including the Guarani ethnicity and healers from Puebla, in Mexico. By presenting these relations, subjects related to Spirituality arises, together with its current importance in Education and Health. Within Spirituality, we present an approach about New Age and Neoshamanism, from many authors and researches of these subjects. Additionally, within the New Age subject, I present some of the shamanic traditions and rituals using Sacred Plants or Entheogenic Plants. Considering the anthropologic work made with indigenous, I present a current view of the challenges found by landlessness, difficulties in public policies in relation to indigenous people. I also present some work about the Guarani people, deepening the Shamanism subject in the shamanic women perspective, the Kunha Karaí, which use the pipe (petÿguá) for the spiritual healing work. This research was made from a ethnographic work, developed in some Guarani villages in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and a contact in Mexico with some healers of Puebla. With the Guarani people the ethnographic approach deepened the education subject from the Word and the Council, which are fundamental to the construction of the Guarani person.