La préservation de la santé et de la sécurité du travailleur est aujourd'hui dans le langage de la gestion, du management et progressivement des juristes, liée au concept de « responsabilité sociale d’entreprise ». Les employeurs doivent en tenir compte dans leurs décisions pour tenter de s'assurer l’adhésion des salariés et contribuer à la préservation d’un environnement plus sain. Ces idées, dont les contours manquent parfois de précision, intègrent progressivement le droit positif. Ainsi, à l’aune de son obligation de sécurité de résultat, dont la violation présente le caractère de faute inexcusable, il incombe à l’employeur, en cas de lien du préjudice subi avec le travail, une réparation allant jusqu’à s’étendre aux préjudices jadis exclus par le livre IV du Code de la sécurité sociale. Il est possible de considérer qu'il s'agit d'une rupture de l’équilibre du régime accordant le bénéfice d’une présomption d’imputabilité au salarié, en contrepartie d’une réparation uniquement forfaitaire, avec éventuellement un complément en cas de faute inexcusable. On peut se demander si au-delà des contraintes normatives qui l’y obligent, l’employeur ne doit adopter un «management de la santé » destinée à assurer le fonctionnement immédiat de l'entreprise et à terme la pérennité de son capital humain. / To save health and safety at work is today, in the language of the management and step-by-step of lawyers, bound with the notion of “corporate social responsibility”. Beyond legal pressures progressively integrated in the positive law, employers must take care about them in their decisions to have the adhesion of employees and to contribute to the conservation of a healthy environment. Goals are as those including by the “triple bottom line” of Elkington (economic, social and legal), as those corresponding to the logic via media and politicians with the management of the appearance of the firm. In addition, it’s possible to ask you: how long can we continue to have a balance about responsibility and reparation around health and safety? How firms can succeed with taking care about interests of actual and future employees too? The answer ask you to study how France choose a “corporate social responsibility” with an important place for the State in opposition of what could be prefered by some authors. But the problem is that this system can be excessively interpreted by Judges. They often accept the responsibility of the employer in cases while it’s not sure that he (or the activity of the firm) created the risk. In addition, the French “corporate social responsibility” can’t be adapted enough and quickly as it’s necessary concerning health and safety at work. That is why, you must see if other ways can been more satisfying. They can be with the same persons (employers and employees or their representatives) or with others stakeholders. It don’t mean that the State can’t be have a role in the “corporate social responsibility” about health and safety at work. But it’s important to see if it can be interesting to give firms possibilities to act voluntarily and ask you if we have to change the repartition of powers concerning this questions in France. An independent control of results must be planned.

The subject of this Diploma thesis is building and technological project of a residential house in Brno, which contain the implementation of the underground car park and residential building, which has three above-ground floors. Attention is focused mainly on the technological processes of bottom building. Text section contains the technical report on the structural and technological project, study implementation of major technological stages of building, technical report of construction site equipment, technological regulations, inspection and test plan, study of noise, plan health and safety at work, the design of the main building machines and mechanisms including transport routes. The attachment section contain time and financial plan construction-object, time deployment of machines, plan of material resources, time schedule, technology standard, budget, drawings of construction site equipment, verification of tower crane construction and schema of processes concreting.

L’oggetto specifico della ricerca è costituito dalle previsioni legislative sulla responsabilità degli enti collettivi per i reati di omicidio colposo e lesioni colpose commessi con violazione delle norme sulla tutela della salute e sicurezza del lavoro. L’indagine analizza la novità normativa in questione, alla luce delle previsioni del t.u. 81/2008, nel quadro generale della responsabilità penale in materia di salute e sicurezza del lavoro e della responsabilità da reato dell’ente. A tale fine, individuato il problema “empirico” degli infortuni sul lavoro e delle malattie professionali e il potenziale criminogeno degli enti collettivi e focalizzata l’attenzione sulle risposte giuridiche invalse in Inghilterra, Francia e Spagna, partendo dall’analisi della responsabilità individuale per i reati di omicidio e lesioni sul terreno della sicurezza del lavoro si procede alla disamina dei rapporti fra i reati presupposto di cui all’art. 25 septies e i criteri generali d’imputazione della responsabilità dell’ente e ad un’analisi specifica dei modelli di organizzazione in materia di sicurezza del lavoro. Infine, vengono tracciate possibili linee di evoluzione del sistema di tutela della salute e della sicurezza del lavoro e dell’assetto della responsabilità da reato dell’ente, anche avendo riguardo alle proposte di legge di modifica del d.lgs. 231/2001. / The research specifically focuses on the statutory provisions on corporations’ liability for offenses of manslaughter and unintentional injuries committed in breach of the rules on protection of work health and safety. The survey analyses the new legislation in this area, in light of the provisions of Italian t.u. 81/2008, within the framework of criminal liability in work health and safety and the related corporate accountability. To this end, having identified the "empirical" problem of work accidents and diseases and the criminal potentiality of corporate bodies, and based on the assessment of the legal responses formulated in England, France and Spain, the research - starting from the analysis of individual liability for crimes of homicide and injury in the field of work safety – proceeds, on one hand, to consider the relationship between the offenses referred to in article 25 septies and the general criteria of attribution of corporate responsibility; on the other, to specifically analyse the business models in the field of work safety. Finally, the research draws the possible trends of development of the health protection and work safety system, and of the legal regime of corporate liability arising out from offenses; in this respect, the statutory proposals for amending the D.Lgs. 231/2001 are also taken into account.

The goal of this work is to evaluate the implementation of quality management system in the organization, identification of bottlenecks, including a proposal to remove them. The diploma thesis reports on the quality norms ISO according to their transformation into the requirements of company practical form. I analyse the ways in which the requirements of the standard ISO 9001:2008 the organization can be utilized in the activities, processes and quality requirements. The thesis deals with the various fundamental points of standards and the standard met in the organization is described.The final part is concerned with current state. I consider the pre-certified quality system and finally the possible way for improvement is suggested.

The thesis, entitled "Analysis of safety in transport and servicing of transport facilities for the selected companies" deals with safety and work-related injuries in transportation and servicing of transport facilities. Occupational injury is caused by a set of several interacting factors. These factors are known as the main source and cause of work-related accidents, which affect the formation of accidents. The most important element in the protection of health and safety is prevention. To evaluate the risks is one of the fundamental principles of the concept of occupational health and safety policy that is enforced in all countries espousing the principles of safe enterprise. The need to protect the health of the individual is already firmly established even in the most basic legal document such as the Constitution of the Czech Republic. The aim of this work is to analyze the factors that are involved in causing accidents at work and on the basis of the analysis, to provide rules and recommendations for farms so that they serve as an aid in the elimination of induced injuries.

En accédant à l'indépendance, la République de Djibouti, comme la plupart des pays anciennement colonisés, a reconduit le droit du travail mis en place pendant la période de colonisation. Il s'est agi pour les nouvelles autorités djiboutiennes de faire perdurer une réglementation faisant de la loi l'outil exclusif d'encadrement des relations de travail. Cette situation, caractérisée par une absence de créativité normative unique en Afrique, a duré presque un demi-siècle, jusqu'aux années 90. A cette époque, le pays a été atteint par la crise économique et financière. Ceci a contraint l'Etat djiboutien à se tourner vers les Institutions financières internationales (FMI, Banque mondiale) qui l’ont appelé à se désengager de la vie économique et sociale. La réforme du droit du travail entamée en 1997 et confirmée par l'adoption d'un nouveau Code du travail en 2006 s'est inscrite dans cette optique.Malgré l'offensive libérale, le nouveau droit du travail porte la marque d’une hétéronomie persistante. Toutefois, une contractualisation relative mais significative de l'encadrement juridique des relations de travail est engagée. Ainsi, les normes étatiques issues de la législation antérieure sont largement reconduites pour garantir la santé et la sécurité au travail ainsi que pour limiter et répartir le temps de travail. En revanche, en matière de fixation de la rémunération, la réforme libérale a donné lieu à une large déréglementation.A ce jour, la réforme ne paraît pas être allée au bout de sa logique libérale. Elle ne s'est pas traduite par un retrait radical de la puissance publique. Il ne fait toutefois aucun doute qu'on est bien passé du recours exclusif à la loi pour la détermination des conditions d'emploi, de travail et de rémunération, à la possibilité d'intervention, de façon inégale en fonction des matières, du contrat individuel ainsi que des conventions et accords collectifs. / Upon gaining independence, The Republic of Djibouti, as is the case with most of former colonies, renew the labour law implemented during the colonial period. For Djiboutian authorities, it is a matter of preserving a regulation which is the exclusive tool for managing working relations. This situation which is marked by the lack of a normative creativity, only peculiar to Africa, has lasted for half of a century and went on up until the 90’s during which the country witnessed a financial and economic crisis. Beset with this crisis, the Djiboutian state turned to the international financial institutions (IMF, World Bank) which impel it to disentangle from social and economic life. The reform of labour law which began in 1997 and materialized by the adoption of the new Labour Code of 2006 is truly a part of this approach.Despite the liberal offensive, the new modification which is currently under way is characterized by the remarkable persistence of heteronomy and a relative yet significant contractualization of the legal framework of working relations. With regards to the working conditions, the state standards derived from former legislation are mostly renewed to not only ensure the hygiene and the security at the work place but to limit and organize the working time. However, regarding the setting of remunerations, the liberal reform leads to a large deregulation.Up to this day, the reform has not fulfilled its liberal purpose. It has failed to result in decrease of public power. However, there is no doubt that there has been a shift from the exclusive recourse to terms and conditions of employment, work, and remuneration to the possibility of intervention, to varying degrees and according to the matters, of individual contracts as well as the conventions and collective agreements.

Abstract The road freight transport industry as a labour-intensive sector is dependent on the work ability and well-being at work of employees. The majority of the occupational accidents are related to work phases outside the cab. These work phases, which are performed in various different work environments, contain several kinds of ergonomic discomforts. This poses complex challenges for the employers from a safety and productivity point of view. The framework of this thesis is based on the foundations of ergonomics and design science. The main objective was to provide knowledge that can be implemented into the design and management of work systems for local and short haul delivery operations. Material was obtained from two sources. A meta-synthesis was performed to frame holistic management in a human perspective. Furthermore, additional in-depth design knowledge was obtained through participatory ergonomics video analyses on drivers’ work outside the cab. Video analyses resulted in 262 identifications of demanding work situations where ergonomic discomforts and risks of accidents occurred. Sudden over-exertions and strains, falls and slips as well as losing control of work equipment were the most common deviations related to drivers’ work outside the cab and mainly related to physical activities of movement and carrying by hand. The majority of the work situations identified were performed in cargo spaces or elsewhere within the truck structure or at premises and yards that are administered by the customers or other stakeholders. In these environments, drivers tend to perform their work manually or using different types of work equipment. This thesis provides new in-depth knowledge on drivers’ work outside the cab. The results show that different stakeholders can contribute to drivers’ work systems. The knowledge provided by drivers and other stakeholders can be applied to holistic design and management processes at company level. Moreover, the knowledge can also be applied to broader value chain design and management processes. / Tiivistelmä Tieliikenteen tavarankuljetus työvoimavaltaisena toimialana on riippuvainen henkilöstön työkyvystä ja -hyvinvoinnista. Suurin osa tapaturmista liittyy työtehtäviin ohjaamon ulkopuolella. Näitä töitä tehdään hyvin vaihtelevissa työympäristöissä ja niihin työtehtäviin liittyy monenlaisia ergonomisia haittakuormitustekijöitä. Tämä asettaa haasteita niin työsuojelun kuin tuottavuuden näkökulmasta. Väitöskirjan viitekehys pohjautuu ergonomiaan sekä suunnittelutieteeseen. Tavoitteena on tuottaa tietoa, jota voidaan hyödyntää työjärjestelmien suunnittelussa ja johtamisessa erityisesti maaliikenteen jakelukuljetuksissa. Materiaali koostui kahdesta osiosta. Metasynteesillä muodostettiin näkemys kokonaisvaltaisesta johtamisesta ihmisnäkökulmasta. Lisäksi kuljettajat ja sidosryhmien edustajat analysoivat osallistuvan ergonomian keinoin videoaineistoa jakelukuljettajien työstä ohjaamon ulkopuolella. Videoanalyyseissa tunnistettiin yhteensä 262 työtilannetta, jossa esiintyy erilaisia ergonomisia haittakuormitustekijöitä sekä mahdollisia tapaturmariskejä. Äkilliset fyysiset kuormitukset, putoamiset, liukastumiset ja kaatumiset sekä työvälineiden hallinnan menettäminen olivat yleisimpiä tunnistettuja poikkeamia kuljettajan työssä. Pääasiassa nämä liittyivät kuljettajan liikkumiseen sekä erilaisten taakkojen kantamiseen. Valtaosassa (85 %) havainnoista kuljettaja työskenteli ajoneuvon kuormatilassa tai päällirakenteissa tai asiakkaiden tai muiden sidosryhmien hallinnoimissa työympäristöissä. Näissä työympäristöissä kuljettaja työskenteli sekä manuaalisesti käsin että hyödyntäen erilaisia apuvälineitä. Väitöskirja tarjoaa uudenlaista syvällistä tietoa kuljettajan työstä ohjaamon ulkopuolella. Eri sidosryhmät voivat osaltaan vaikuttaa kuljettajan työjärjestelmiin. Kuljettajien ja sidosryhmien tuottamaa tietoa voidaan soveltaa työjärjestelmien kokonaisvaltaisessa suunnittelussa ja johtamisessa niin yritystasolla kuin myös suunniteltaessa ja johdettaessa laajempia arvoketjuja.

Cette recherche s'est donné pour objectif d’étudier le dialogue entre les différents acteurs de la prévention des risques au travail. Ce champ touchant à plusieurs domaines de connaissance, les entreprises cherchent à maîtriser les risques dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire. Cependant, bien qu'il soit important le regard des différents champs de connaissance, plusieurs facteurs font partie des activités d’un collectif qui s'occupe de la prévention : l'interaction entre les membres du groupe, la circulation et le dialogue entre les savoirs des différents acteurs, un rapport de force entre les membres de l’équipe, etc. On a enquêté sur la circulation de savoirs entre les acteurs du CHSCT du Centre NF-B, et leur contribution à la prévention des risques. Pour que cette étude reflète la réalité du travail du CHSCT, on a pris en compte les savoirs constitués (formels) ainsi que les savoirs de l’expérience des acteurs. En s'appuyant sur la démarche ergologique qui considère ces deux formes de savoirs, on a pris en compte le point de vue de ceux qui participent au CHSCT. L’analyse des données a été centrée sur l’évolution du dialogue au fil du temps à propos de certains thèmes. On a constaté que les acteurs rencontrent plusieurs difficultés qui interfèrent dans les dialogues lors de l'accomplissement de leurs missions. Ainsi, on a vu que la circulation et le dialogue entre les savoirs des acteurs apporte des contributions importantes à la prévention et que cette dernière est également favorisée par la manière dont les acteurs surmontent ces obstacles en mettant finalement leurs savoirs en circulation dans l'ensemble du groupe, afin qu'il y ait un dialogue sur ces savoirs. / This research aimed at studying the dialogue between the actors involved in risk prevention at work. As the preventive field covers several areas of knowledge, companies seek to control occupational hazards within a multidisciplinary perspective. However, despite the importance of viewing from various fields of knowledge, several factors are part of the activities of a collective that deals with prevention: the interaction among group members, circulation and dialogue between the knowledge of the actors, a relationship of power among people or groups that make up this team, etc. The circulation of knowledge between the actors of the CHSCT (Committee for Hygiene, Safety and Working Conditions) of NF-B Center and its contribution to risk prevention was taken into account. So that this study could reflect the reality of CHSCT, the established knowledge (formal) and also the knowledge of the actors experience were considered. Relying on ergological approach that considers these two forms of knowledge the point of view of those who participate in the CHSCT was taken into account. Data analysis was focused on the development of the dialogue on certain topics over time. It showed that the actors find various difficulties that interfere in the dialogues that take place in the fulfillment of their missions. Thus, it was seen that the circulation and dialogue between the knowledge of different actors promote risk prevention, and that this is also favored by the way these actors overcome these obstacles, by placing their knowledge ultimately circulating between various actors of the CHSCT, so there may be a dialogue on this knowledge. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de estudar o diálogo entre as diferentes categorias de atores que intervêm na prevenção de riscos no trabalho. Em razão do campo preventivo abranger vários domínios do conhecimento, as empresas procuram controlar os riscos profissionais dentro de uma prespectiva pluridisciplinar. Contudo, apesar da importância do olhar dediversos campos do conhecimento, observou-se que vários fatores fazem parte das atividades de um coletivo que se ocupa da prevenção, como: a interação entre os membros do grupo, a circulação e o diálogo entre os saberes dos diferentes atores, uma relação de forças entre as pessoas ou os grupos que constituem esta equipe, etc. Investigou-se a circulação de saberes entre o diferentes atores do Comité de higiene, segurança e condições de trabalho (CHSCT)do Centro NF-B e sua contribuição na prevenção de riscos. Este CHCT é composto de atores que representam disciplinas e profissões diferentes e de vários níveis hierárquicos. Para que este estudo refletisse a realidade do trabalho do CHSCT, levou-se em conta os saberes contituídos (formais) e também os saberes da experiência dos atores. Apoiando-se naabordagem ergológica, que considera estas duas formas de saberes, levou-se em conta o ponto de vista daqueles que participam do CHSCT. A análise de dados foi centarada na evolução do diálogo sobre certos temas, ao longo do tempo. Constatou-se que os atores encontram várias dificuldades que interferem nos diálogos que se estabelecem no cumprimento de suas missões. Assim, viu-se que a circulação e o dialogo entre os saberes dos diferentes atores favorecem a prevenção de riscos e que, esta é também favorecida, pela a maneira como os atores superam esses obstáculos colocando, finalmente, seus saberes em circulação entre os diversos atores do CHSCT, para que, assim, haja um dialogo sobre esses saberes.

On observe au plan national comme international une augmentation de la consommation de certains produits, singulièrement de drogues illicites, voire d’une poly consommation (alcool, médicament, cannabis,…). Du fait de cette tendance générale, mais aussi en raison des évolutions propres au travail, les lieux d’activité professionnelle sont aujourd’hui de plus en plus confrontés à la question. En effet, des risques peuvent être encourus au travail par le consommateur, ses collègues ou des tiers. Alors même que les obligations patronales concernant la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs sont aujourd’hui substantielles, l’employeur est tenu dans sa gestion de la question au respect des libertés et droits fondamentaux de la personne salariée. En évitant toute approche généralisante, dénonciatrice du salarié-consommateur nécessairement pourvoyeur de risques pour l’entreprise, il convient, dans une démarche constructive, de ne pas nier un phénomène porteur de mises en cause potentielles de la santé ou de la sécurité de travailleurs, de difficultés de gestion et de responsabilités de l’entreprise. Quelles réponses juridiques sont disponibles, pertinentes, imaginables, dans une perspective à la fois de sécurisation juridique des entreprises mais aussi de respect des libertés et droits fondamentaux des personnes, de prévention des risques professionnels et de prise en charge du salarié consommateur ? L’approche juridique entend ici prendre en compte les réalités du terrain, les acquis et questionnements d’autres disciplines ainsi qu’un éclairage de droit comparé. / At both national and international levels we can observe an increase in the use of certain substances, particularly illicit drugs and even poly consumption (alcohol, medication, cannabis,…). Due to this general trend, and because of evolutions inherent to work itself, the work place is now more and more confronted to these issues. Indeed, such behavior exposes the user, his or her colleagues and even third parties to a number of risks. Even though employer's duties on matters concerning employee's health and safety are substantial nowadays, the employer is held to respecting the fundamental rights and freedom of the worker when dealing with such issues. While avoiding a general approach that would simply denounce the user-employee that is necessarily a cause of risk exposure for the firm, it is necessary, in a constructive approach, to not deny a phenomenon that puts in question the health and safety of the workers, and generates managerial and liability problems for the firm. Which are the available juridical responses that are pertinent and imaginable, that would protect legal certainty, respect the fundamental human rights of the people involved, help prevent professional risks and take care of the employee-user? The juridical approach intends to take into account the realities of the field, the insights of other scientific disciplines and a comparative contribution.

The subject of my diploma thesis is selected parts of the construction technology project of Tomas Bata University in Zlín. The content of the work is mainly elaborated technological regulation for making the monolithic ceiling shell of the main aula of the building, processing of the control and test plan and drawings of the ceiling shell. Next, I worked on the design of suitable transport routes to the construction site, the processing of the studies of the implementation of the main technological stages, the design and the processing of the drawings of the construction site, which varies in time depending on the progress of the technological stages, the design and assessment of the lifting mechanisms and machines, time and financial plan, the timetable for the rough construction and the main technological stages, budget of the rough construction, health and safety at work.