This thesis reviews the circumstances that led to what Paul Renner called “the inflation of historicism,” places his response to that problem in the context of the Weimar Republic, details how the German attributes with which he began the project were displaced from the typeface that emerged in 1927, demonstrates that Futura belongs to a new category of serif-less roman fonts rooted in Arts and Crafts lettering, and considers why the specifically German aspects of the project have gone unrecognized for over seventy years. Renner’s writing is compared to ideas prevalent in early twentieth-century German cultural discourse, and Futura’s design process is placed in the context of Renner’s personal experience of Weimar’s social and economic crises. Objective measurements are employed to establish the relationship between drawings attributed to Renner and are used to compare features of Futura with other fonts of the period.

This thesis reviews the circumstances that led to what Paul Renner called “the inflation of historicism,” places his response to that problem in the context of the Weimar Republic, details how the German attributes with which he began the project were displaced from the typeface that emerged in 1927, demonstrates that Futura belongs to a new category of serif-less roman fonts rooted in Arts and Crafts lettering, and considers why the specifically German aspects of the project have gone unrecognized for over seventy years. Renner’s writing is compared to ideas prevalent in early twentieth-century German cultural discourse, and Futura’s design process is placed in the context of Renner’s personal experience of Weimar’s social and economic crises. Objective measurements are employed to establish the relationship between drawings attributed to Renner and are used to compare features of Futura with other fonts of the period.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

This paper deals with testing the method Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) on the copy of the Piraeus-lion in Historic Museum in Stockholm. The purpose is to find out if it is possible to gather more information about the runic inscriptions. RTI is a method that records the surface normal of individual pixels in a digital photograph by analyzing the impact of light coming from different angles of entrance. RTI produces sort of a 3D-image of the object. There will be an overview of earlier interpretations of the runic scripts written on the lion as well as an overview of Varangians in the southeast. After examination of the lion with RTI, has a conclusion been made that the method should be performed again on similar items, and on the copy of the Piraeus-lion to evaluate its full potential.

This study develops and applies a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate dynamic Web platforms in order to determine a platform for teaching Web application development in tertiary institutions. The framework is specific, yet comprehensive and supported with theory and empirical experimental programming results. We first identify the concepts of Web application development and the constraints to be satisfied by a platform for teaching identified concepts. Then we establish various criteria that will enhance the teaching of the concepts. We also establish qualities and experiment that will ensure that a selected platform is easy to use, fast, portable and affordable. A spreadsheet tool is developed to apply the framework and enable users to customize the framework by varying the criteria's weights. The developed framework is tested by the evaluation of the suitability of Java Servlets, JSP, ASP and PHP with PHP emerging as a suitable platform. / Computing / M.Sc. (Information Systems)

Abstract This study focuses on requirements of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). The aim is to investigate the factors university students experience to promote or hinder collaborative learning. In addition the aim is to examine interactional features in successful collaborative learning situations and the effect of pedagogical scripts into the interaction. The theoretical approach is sosiocognitive, and the interactional processes are seen as a key mechanism fostering learning and knowledge construction. This thesis consisted of two empirical case studies, which were implemented in the context of international web courses. The first data consist of questionnaires, interviews, learning diaries and on-line discussions. The second data includes questionnaires and on-line discussions. The analysis combines qualitative and quantitative methods in order to create a comprehensive understanding of students’ experiences and interactional features in collaborative learning situations. There is plenty of research concerning CSCL, but the focus is seldom on students’ experiences. Also interactional processes in collaborative learning situations have been studied, but studies are often short-term studies conducted in laboratory settings. Recent research of CSCL has been concentrating on the effects of pedagogical scripts, but the results have been contradictory. This study supplements earlier studies by analysing the requirements for successful collaborative learning from the perspective of students’ experiences and interactional features during authentic and long-term web courses. The results indicated that students experienced fluent interaction, group-oriented learning task, studying skills and motivation as main factors promoting collaborative learning. Communication in foreign language and passive group members were experienced most significant hindering factors. Interaction in successful collaborative learning was most often group-related instead of task-related. Groups used a lot of effort in organizing their collaboration. Task-related discussion was commentative and questioning. However, theorybased knowledge was seldom presented. This study also indicated that learning tasks had more effect to different forms of ineraction than pedagogical scripts. The findings supports planning and implementation of collaborative learning. / Tiivistelmä Väitöstutkimus tarkastelee tietokoneavusteisen yhteisöllisen oppimisen edellytyksiä. Tavoitteena on selvittää, mitkä tekijät yliopisto-opiskelijat kokevat yhteisöllistä oppimista edistäviksi ja vaikeuttaviksi. Lisäksi tavoitteena on selvittää vuorovaikutuksen muotoja onnistuneissa yhteisöllisen oppimisen tilanteissa sekä pedagogisten skriptien vaikutusta vuorovaikutukseen. Teoreettisesti tutkimus pohjautuu sosiokognitiiviseen näkemykseen oppimisesta, jolloin korostetaan vuorovaikutuksen merkitystä tiedon rakentamiseen. Tutkimus koostuu kahdesta tapaustutkimuksesta, jotka on toteutettu kansainvälisten verkkokurssien konteksteissa. Ensimmäisen tapaustutkimuksen aineisto koostuu kyselylomakkeista, haastatteluista, päiväkirjoista ja verkko-oppimisympäristön keskusteluviesteistä. Toisen tapaustutkimuksen aineisto sisältää kyselylomake- ja verkkokeskusteluaineiston. Aineiston analyysissa on yhdistetty sekä laadullisia että määrällisiä menetelmiä. Vaikka tietokoneavusteista yhteisöllistä oppimista on tutkittu paljon, analyysin kohteena ovat harvemmin olleet oppijoiden kokemukset. Myös yhteisöllisiä vuorovaikutusprosesseja on tutkittu aiemmin, mutta tutkimukset on toteutettu usein lyhytkestoisina laboratoriotutkimuksina. Viimeaikaisissa tutkimuksissa on analysoitu pedagogisten skriptien vaikutusta vuorovaikutukseen, mutta tulokset skriptien hyödyistä ovat osin ristiriitaisia. Tämä tutkimus täydentää aikaisempia tutkimuksia analysoimalla yhteisöllisen oppimisen edellytyksiä autenttisten ja pidempikestoisten verkkokurssien aikana. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat yhteisöllistä oppimista edistäviksi tekijöiksi sujuvan vuorovaikutuksen, yhteistä ponnistelua vaativan oppimistehtävän, opiskelutaidot ja motivaation. Vaikeuttavia tekijöitä puolestaan ovat viestinnän haasteet vieraalla kielellä opiskeltaessa sekä passiiviset ryhmän jäsenet. Vuorovaikutus onnistuneissa yhteisöllisen oppimisen tilanteissa oli useammin ryhmään kuin sisältöön keskittyvää. Ryhmät käyttivät paljon aikaa yhteisen työskentelyn organisointiin. Sisältöön liittyvä keskustelu oli kommentoivaa ja kysymyksiä esittävää. Teoriaperustaisen tiedon esiin tuomien oli kuitenkin harvinaista. Tulokset osoittavat myös oppimistehtävän voivan vaikuttaa pedagogisia skriptejä enemmän vuorovaikutukseen. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat käytännössä yhteisöllisten oppimistilanteiden suunnittelua ja toteutusta.

Em Aprendizagem Colaborativa com Suporte Computacional (ACSC), o planejamento instrucional consiste em obter uma sequência de interações instrucionais que definem o conteúdo instrucional como a representação do que deve ser ensinado e da forma em que os participantes devem interagir, denominada informação de planejamento instrucional. O desenvolvimento, adaptação e personalização de unidades concisas de estudo compostas por recursos instrucionais e informação de planejamento instrucional, denominadas unidades de aprendizagem, envolve um processo de planejamento instrucional complexo que consome muito tempo e apresenta um conjunto de tarefas repetitivas a serem efetuadas pelos projetistas instrucionais. Neste trabalho, o planejamento instrucional em ACSC é modelado como um problema de planejamento hierárquico para dar suporte ao desenvolvimento, adaptação e personalização das unidades de aprendizagem de forma automática. A modelagem consiste na representação do domínio a ser ensinado, das caraterísticas dos estudantes e das estratégias de planejamento instrucional na linguagem do sistema JSHOP2ip, um sistema de planejamento hierárquico desenvolvido para dar solução aos problemas específicos de planejamento instrucional. Para avaliar a modelagem proposta, efetuamos o desenvolvimento de um gerador de cursos colaborativos como um serviço Web usando a modelagem proposta e o sistema JSHOP2ip, no qual foram avaliados o desempenho, a modelagem das estratégias e a saída do planejador. Além disso, para demonstrar a viabilidade do modelo proposto em situações reais, efetuamos o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de autoria de unidades de aprendizagem que emprega o gerador de cursos colaborativos. / In Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL), the goal of instructional design is to obtain a instructional interaction sequence that define the instructional content as a representation of what should be taught and the way in which participants must interact, called instructional planning information. The development, adaptation and personalization of basic units of study comprised of the instructional resources and instructional planning information, called units of learning, that involves a complex instructional planning process, time consuming and repetitive. In this work, the instructional design in CSCL is modeled as hierarchical planning problem to support the development, adaptation and personalization for units of learning. The modeling is the representation of the domain to be taught, the characteristics of students and instructional strategies in JSHOP2ip, an independent hierarchical planning system designed to solve problems of instructional design. To evaluate the proposed model, we developed a collaborative course generator as a Web service using the proposed model and JSHOP2ip system, upon which we evaluated the performance, modeling strategies and the output scheduler. Furthermore, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model in real situations, we developed an authoring tool for units of learning employing the collaborative course generator

In Sweden there is a limited research about adults with intellectual disabilities and their sexuality through a social work perspective. This study aims to study how workers in group homes and their managers describes the residents sexuality and describes how they approaches their sexuality at work. And if there’s any facilities or hindrance that affects the sexual space. 5 semi-structured interviews with managers and coordinators, and 3 focus groups with carers where made. For analysis script theory and the charmed circle have been used. The result shows that people who works at group homes has no guidance or collective ways to approach sexuality in their work. They talk about an open approach but often describes the residents as asexual and connects sexuality with the level of disabilities. The respondents acknowledge that they need more knowledge. The conclusion is that there’s a need for more knowledge and guidance for people who work at group homes to extend the space for sexuality for adults with intellectual disabilities.

No description available.

I have always been very interested in typography and type design and I have long harbored a desire to create something that could benefit my home country Zimbabwe, Afrika and the rest of the world through creativity. I imagine what my language might have looked like if it weren't for the Latin or Roman alphabet. During my childhood, I often encountered individuals who belittled my native language, chiShona. My educational experience at an all-girls, private Catholic school reinforced the notion that speaking English was socially desirable, and those who spoke their native language were subject to ridicule and derogatory labels such as gwash or ghetto. Despite this, I found great joy in speaking my mother tongue, which is widely spoken in my urban community. The chiShona written language is plagued by a number of problems, such as the lack of a consistent way of spelling words across all dialects. The current orthography does not accurately represent the spoken form of the language, making it difficult for writers and speakers to convey their ideas effectively. In this publication I explore typography of a Zimbabwean language and reimagine what chiShona may have looked like if it had not been colonised. As a speaker of chiShona, my mother tongue, I am fascinated by the possibility of developing a written language for my language and finding effective methods of teaching it.  This was done with the help of collaborators Rutendo Shannon Goneso and Pule kaJanolintji.