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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
311

Andlighet och psykisk hälsa : En empirisk undersökning av relationen mellan trosuppfattning, psykisk hälsa och meningsfullhet i det sekulära Sverige / Spirituality and mental health : An empirical study of the relationship between beliefs, mental health and meaningfulness in the secular Sweden.

Sällqvist, Filip, Schlüter, Julia January 2024 (has links)
Tidigare forskning visar att höga nivåer av andlighet kan associeras med bättre psykiskt välbefinnande och lägre nivåer av psykiska besvär. Meningsfullhet framhävs som en av nyckelkomponenterna i detta sammanhang, och framtida forskning uppmanas till att utforska bakomliggande mekanismer ytterligare. En begräsning i det aktuella forskningsläget är att majoriteten av studierna har utförts i samhällen med en stark religiös anknytning, och att ingen forskning har kunnat hittas som utforskar sambanden i det mer sekulariserade Sverige.  Denna studie syftar till att analysera eventuella samband mellan mening i livet, psykisk hälsa och trosuppfattning i en svensk kontext, för att undersöka huruvida sekularisering som samhällsförändring bör beaktas inom socialt arbete. Studiens forskningsfrågor besvarades via en enkät, och utgick från ett bekvämlighetsurval där respondenterna tillfrågades att delta i undersökningen på en offentlig plats i en av Sveriges storstäder.    Studiens resultat visar att andlighet inte kan relateras till bättre psykiskt välbefinnande, men att meningsfullhet ökar psykiskt välbefinnande och att ju högre grad av andlighet som skattas desto mer upplevelse av meningsfullhet i livet. Dessutom visar resultatet att majoriteten av undersökningens respondenter har en personlig anknytning till en andlig dimension oavsett trosuppfattning.   Utifrån studiens resultat dras slutsatsen att sekularisering i det svenska samhället inte minskar behovet av att adressera existentiella och andliga frågor inom socialt arbete. Studien indikerar en potentiell koppling mellan andlighet, meningssökande och psykiskt välbefinnande, vilket underbygger att det kan vara fördelaktigt att integrera dessa komponenter i socialt arbete för att kunna erbjuda ett mer omfattande och heltäckande stöd, och för att bättre bemöta individuella behov i ett samhälle som genomgår ökad sekularisering. / Previous research shows that high levels of religiosity/spirituality can be associated with better mental well-being and fewer mental health issues. Meaningfulness is highlighted as one of the key components in this context, and future research is encouraged to further explore underlying mechanisms. A limitation in the current research landscape is that the majority of studies have been conducted in communities with a strong religious affiliation, and no research has been found that explores these relationships in the more secularized Sweden. This study aims to analyze possible relationships between meaning in life, mental health, and belief systems in a Swedish context, to investigate whether secularization as a societal change should be considered within social work. The study's research questions were answered through a survey, based on a convenience sample where respondents were asked to participate in the survey at a public place in one of Sweden's major cities. The study's results show that religiosity/spirituality cannot be related to better mental well-being, but that meaningfulness increases mental well-being and that the higher the level of religiosity/spirituality assessed, the more experience of meaningfulness in life. Furthermore, the results show that the majority of the survey's respondents have a personal connection to a spiritual dimension regardless of their belief system. Based on the study's findings, the conclusion is drawn that secularization in Swedish society does not reduce the need to address existential and religious/spiritual questions within social work. The study indicates a potential link between religiosity/spirituality, the search for meaning, and mental well-being, which supports the integration of these components into social work to provide more comprehensive and holistic support, and to better meet individual needs in a society undergoing increased secularization.
312

Dimensionen der Moderne im Faust II : Goethes kritische darstellung Gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts im Fünften Akt / Dimensions of modernity in Faust II : Goethe's critical presentation of socio-political developments of the early 19th century in Act V / Goethes kritische darstellung Gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts im Fünften Akt / Goethe's critical presentation of socio-political developments of the early 19th century in Act V

Rehbinder, Nina Maroussia Graefin 2012 November 1900 (has links)
Die vorliegende Untersuchung arbeitet die wesentlichen gesellschaftspolitischen und ökonomischen Entwicklungslinien heraus, die sich während der geschichtlichen Umbruchphase um 1830 im deutschen Raum aus dem letzten Akt von Goethes Faust II ableiten lassen. Tiefgreifende politische, wirtschaftlich-technische und kulturelle Umwälzungen zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts wirkten auf Goethe als Zeitgenossen ein und wurden von ihm in seinem literarischen Spätwerk verarbeitet. Aus Goethes Alterswerk Faust II heraus lassen sich Konstanten und Entwicklungen seiner Zeit sichtbar machen und, immer eingebettet in den zeitgeschichtlichen Kontext, konkret nachweisen. Diese Ausarbeitung will aufzeigen, dass Goethe im letzten Akt von Faust II einen sich zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts vollziehenden – und teils bereits vollzogenen - Wandel der menschlichen Geisteshaltung attestiert. Säkularisierung und zweckorientierte Rationalität, Beschleunigung, Enthumanisierung und Unterwerfung von Mensch und Natur stehen hierbei im Mittelpunkt. Fausts aus seinem Pakt mit dem Teufel entstandene Welt nimmt die uns heute umgebende vorweg, die geprägt ist von Datenflut, elektronischen Medien, einer von Alltagshektik geprägten Realität und systemimmanenten Expansionsstreben. Allein dies verleiht dem Drama ein unübersehbar hohes Gegenwartspotential. / This thesis explores the trends of socio-political developments during the period of historical changes in Germany around 1830 that can be deduced from Act V of Goethe´s Faust II. Profound political, technical, economic and cultural changes at the beginning of the nineteenth century had an impact on Goethe as a contemporary and appear in his late literary work. Thus specific constants and developments of his time are also presented in and can be deduced from one of the great literary works of the aged poet, Faust II. This paper shows that the final act of Faust II Goethe reveals profound changes in human mentality that took place at the beginning of the nineteenth century and partly even before: Secularization and ruthless rationality with a tendency to acceleration, de-humanization and unscrupulous submission of human beings and nature. The world that originated from Faust´s pact with the devil in Faust II anticipates the reality surrounding us nowadays, a reality characterized by a flood of data, electronic media and the hectic pace of everyday life, - a fact vouching for the play´s striking modernity. / Classics & World Languages / M.A. (German)
313

Dimensionen der Moderne im Faust II : Goethes kritische darstellung Gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts im Fünften Akt / Dimensions of modernity in Faust II : Goethe's critical presentation of socio-political developments of the early 19th century in Act V / Goethe's critical presentation of socio-political developments of the early 19th century in Act V / Goethes kritische darstellung Gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts im Fünften Akt

Rehbinder, Nina Maroussia Graefin 30 October 2013 (has links)
Die vorliegende Untersuchung arbeitet die wesentlichen gesellschaftspolitischen und ökonomischen Entwicklungslinien heraus, die sich während der geschichtlichen Umbruchphase um 1830 im deutschen Raum aus dem letzten Akt von Goethes Faust II ableiten lassen. Tiefgreifende politische, wirtschaftlich-technische und kulturelle Umwälzungen zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts wirkten auf Goethe als Zeitgenossen ein und wurden von ihm in seinem literarischen Spätwerk verarbeitet. Aus Goethes Alterswerk Faust II heraus lassen sich Konstanten und Entwicklungen seiner Zeit sichtbar machen und, immer eingebettet in den zeitgeschichtlichen Kontext, konkret nachweisen. Diese Ausarbeitung will aufzeigen, dass Goethe im letzten Akt von Faust II einen sich zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts vollziehenden – und teils bereits vollzogenen - Wandel der menschlichen Geisteshaltung attestiert. Säkularisierung und zweckorientierte Rationalität, Beschleunigung, Enthumanisierung und Unterwerfung von Mensch und Natur stehen hierbei im Mittelpunkt. Fausts aus seinem Pakt mit dem Teufel entstandene Welt nimmt die uns heute umgebende vorweg, die geprägt ist von Datenflut, elektronischen Medien, einer von Alltagshektik geprägten Realität und systemimmanenten Expansionsstreben. Allein dies verleiht dem Drama ein unübersehbar hohes Gegenwartspotential. / This thesis explores the trends of socio-political developments during the period of historical changes in Germany around 1830 that can be deduced from Act V of Goethe´s Faust II. Profound political, technical, economic and cultural changes at the beginning of the nineteenth century had an impact on Goethe as a contemporary and appear in his late literary work. Thus specific constants and developments of his time are also presented in and can be deduced from one of the great literary works of the aged poet, Faust II. This paper shows that the final act of Faust II Goethe reveals profound changes in human mentality that took place at the beginning of the nineteenth century and partly even before: Secularization and ruthless rationality with a tendency to acceleration, de-humanization and unscrupulous submission of human beings and nature. The world that originated from Faust´s pact with the devil in Faust II anticipates the reality surrounding us nowadays, a reality characterized by a flood of data, electronic media and the hectic pace of everyday life, - a fact vouching for the play´s striking modernity. / Classics and World Languages / M.A. (German)
314

Religion and ingroup identification as variables impacting secular newspaper consumption: Mormons and Orthodox Jews compared to mainstream Protestants

German, Myna 28 February 2004 (has links)
This study intends to discover distinctions between two minority groups, Mormons and Orthodox Jews, compared to a mainstream Protestant group, the Methodists, in terms of newspaper behavior. It intends to probe for differences in newspaper readership frequency and uses (Berelson, 1949) between religious minority group members and majority group members. It originated with the belief that religion (type) and degree of ingroup identification in the minority communities (stronger) would lead to greater newspaper avoidance and limit newspaper use primarily for information/public affairs, rather than Berelson's (1949) other categorizations of socialization, respite, entertainment. Indeed, minority-majority distinctions did not hold. Important differences emerged between religious and more secular individuals in all communities. It was the degree of religiosity that most deeply impacted newspaper use, not denominational ties. The more individuals scored highly on a "religion-as-spiritual-quest" factor, the less they read newspapers, particularly the business newspaper. For "spiritual questors" of all denominations, the house of worship, with its myriad activities, served as a leisure-time base and, for them, recreational use of the newspaper was minimal. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)
315

Le cardinal Paul Grégoire et l'Église de Montréal (1968-1990)

Phaneuf, Luc 12 1900 (has links)
L’historiographie récente du catholicisme québécois a passé pratiquement sous silence la vie et l’épiscopat de Mgr Paul Grégoire, archevêque de Montréal de 1968 à 1990. Pourtant, son épiscopat s’est déployé pendant une période cruciale de l’histoire du Québec et de l’Église catholique. Lorsque Mgr Grégoire devient archevêque de Montréal en avril 1968, le Québec vit encore sa Révolution tranquille, une période qui a vu l’éclosion au Québec de mentalités et moeurs nouvelles à l’enseigne du rejet du passé, sous l’impulsion d’une sécularisation et d’une déchristianisation déferlantes. De son côté, l’Église catholique vit son propre renouveau identitaire, fruit des travaux du Concile Vatican II, terminé depuis décembre 1965. C’est au confluent de ces deux renouveaux identitaires que l’épiscopat de Mgr Grégoire va prendre forme. L’archevêque de Montréal devra faire face à de nombreux défis inédits sur les fronts externes et internes. Ad extra, il devra prendre acte des défis d’une nouvelle donne sociale extrêmement défavorable à son Église, notamment sur le flanc de la confessionnalité du système d’éducation. Ad intra, il devra implanter les réformes conciliaires dans son diocèse, non sans avoir à affronter plusieurs résistances et incompréhensions, dont certaines deviendront des crises remettant en question la qualité de son leadership comme archevêque de Montréal. Au moment de sa retraite en mars 1990, Monsieur le cardinal Grégoire aura vu l’Église catholique perdre la majeure partie de son influence morale et spirituelle sur la société montréalaise et québécoise. Même si sa personnalité ne l’avait pas desservi dans ses efforts pour imprimer à l’Église de Montréal son orientation doctrinale, sa discipline et son style, on voit mal comment il aurait pu contrer significativement une évolution toute-puissante dans sa globalité. C’est ce que révèle le bilan de son épiscopat. / The recent historiography on Catholicism in the Province of Québec has neglected the life and episcopate of Paul Grégoire, archbishop of Montréal from 1968 to 1990. Yet his episcopate covers a crucial period in the history of the Province and the Catholic Church. When he became archbishop of Montréal in April 1968, the Province of Québec was still in the midst of its Quiet Revolution, a period of growing change in mentalities and morals brought on by a rejection of the past and the rising tide of secularization and dechristianization. For its part, the Catholic Church was going through its own renewed identity process as a result of the Second Vatican Council which had ended December 1965. It is at the juncture of these two renewed identities that Archbishop Grégoire’s episcopate took shape. The prelate had to cope with many new challenges both on the external and internal fronts. Ad extra, he had to meet the challenges of a new social order extremely unfavorable towards his Church, particularly concerning the denominational school system. Ad intra, he had to implement the Council reforms throughout his diocese and in so doing encountered a great deal of resistance and much misunderstanding which sometimes led to crises casting doubt on his leadership. At the time of his retirement in March 1990, Cardinal Grégoire had seen the Catholic Church lose the greater part of its moral and spiritual influence on the Montréal and Québec societies. He had set out to mold the Church of Montréal according to his doctrinal orientation, his discipline and his style. Even while taking into consideration that his personality was not best suited for the task, we fail to see how he could have significantly countered the great opposing forces at work. The study of his episcopate clearly reveals this.
316

Le sacré espagnol aux prises avec la Modernité (1868-1923) : étude d'un motif iconographique et littéraire, au carrefour de l'identité nationale et de la création artistique / The spanish sacred struggle with Modernity (1868-1923) : study of an iconographic and novelistic pattern, at the crossroads of national identity and artistic creation

Le Corre-Carrasco, Marion 27 November 2010 (has links)
A la charnière du XIXe et du XXe siècle, l’Espagne vit une révolution cultuelle et culturelle sans précédent. La question du sacré permet de cristalliser les enjeux de cette crise. Une approche résolument transversale révèle en effet le sacré comme clef de voûte des troubles qui agitent les Espagnols. La remise en cause continue de la place de l’Église dans la société, alimentée par l’affrontement sous-jacent entre cléricaux et anticléricaux, est fondamentale dans la douloureuse quête idiosyncratique qui ébranle la nation. Les artistes, témoins et acteurs de leur époque, se font l’écho de cette tension politique et sociale. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse du motif du sacré, livré par des romans et des tableaux, met en évidence non seulement la manifestation d’une sécularisation en marche, mais également la prégnance d’une culture religieuse durablement fixée. Dans un second temps, la polymorphie intrinsèque de ce sacré pré-moderne est abordée par une typologie qui en précise l’expression, de la plus manifeste à la moins tangible, cette dilution du sacré étant caractéristique de la Modernité. Enfin, au-delà de l’étude du motif iconographique et romanesque, une analyse du processus du sacré met en lumière combien les artistes de cette période sondent et interrogent la sacralité présente dans leurs œuvres, et combien celle-ci, ondoyante et industrieuse, échappe à leur contrôle, creusant les prémices d’une religion de l’art. / During the transitional period between the 19th and the 20th century, Spain experienced an unprecedented revolution, both religious and cultural. The issue of the sacred enabled to crystallize what is at stake during this crisis. A thoroughly cross-conceptual approach shows the sacred as a keystone for the mayhem that Spanish people underwent. The role of the church in Spanish society kept being questioned, due to the underlying conflict between those who supported the church and the others who were opposed to it. This questioning was fundamental in the difficult idiosyncratic quest which shook the nation. Artists, who were both witnesses and actors of their time, unveiled and showed this political and social tension. Firstly, the analysis of the pattern of the sacred through novels and paintings underlines the evidence of the secularization that took place. Likewise, it discloses the pregnancy of a religious culture established on a permanent basis in Spanish society. Secondly, the intrinsic polymorphous aspect of this pre-modern sacred is revealed by a typology which develops the representation of the sacred, from the most obvious to the least tangible one. This dilution of the sacred is characteristic of Modernity. Finally, beyond the study of the iconographic and novelistic pattern, an analysis of the process of the sacred enhances how the artists of this era took soundings and questioned sacrality in their works of art. It also shows how sacrality, constantly changing, could not be mastered by the artists, digging the roots of a cult for art.
317

A secularização segundo Peter L. Berger e Rodney Stark/William Sims Bainbridge

Provenzi, Anoar Jarbas 19 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anoar Jarbas Provenzi.pdf: 1155462 bytes, checksum: 48318e7c0a982942ec4541880001698e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study is about the secularization according to Peter L. Berger (theory of secularization) and according to Rodney Stark/William Sims Bainbridge (rational choice theory). Berger (chapter 1) affirms in Sacred Canopy the decrease of religion in modernity, whereas Stark/Bainbridge (chapter 2) supports in A theory of religion its increasing or maintenance. However, both theories have problems (chapter 3). Berger is criticized to affirm the equivalence between modernity and secularization, the belief in a previous age of the faith and the necessity of religious monopoly; Stark/Bainbridge are criticized to defend previous power of rational choice theory, a decontextualized universal rationality and an merely economic approach of religious phenomenon / Este estudo é sobre a secularização segundo Peter L. Berger (teoria da secularização) e segundo Rodney Stark/William Sims Bainbridge (teoria da escolha racional). Berger (capítulo 1) afirma, na obra O dossel sagrado, a diminuição da religião na modernidade, enquanto Stark/Bainbridge (capítulo 2) defendem, na obra Uma teoria da religião, seu aumento ou manutenção. Mas ambas as teorias apresentam problemas (capítulo 3); Berger é criticado porque afirma a equivalência entre modernidade e secularização, a crença em uma pregressa idade da fé e a necessidade de monopólio religioso; Stark/Bainbridge são criticados porque defendem o poder preditivo da teoria da escolha racional, uma racionalidade universal descontextualizada e uma abordagem puramente econômica do fenômeno religioso
318

Ville des Morts. Question funéraire et trames sociales à San Cristóbal de Las Casas, au Chiapas (Mexique) / City of Deads. Funerary Question and Social Fabric in San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas (Mexico) / Ciudad de Muertos. Cuestión funeraria y tramas sociales en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas (México)

Bermúdez Hernández, Luz del Rocío 20 June 2017 (has links)
L’objectif de cette thèse est de reconstituer l’évolution sociale et culturelle de la ville de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, au Chiapas (Mexique), depuis sa fondation en 1528 et jusqu’aux premières décennies du XXe siècle.Centrée sur l’étude du seul cimetière existant dans la ville depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, la recherche explore « la question funéraire » comme ensemble de croyances, de pratiques et de représentations mentales et matérielles sur la Mort et les souvenir des morts. Celle-ci est abordée selon trois axes dont les mots-clés sont : sécularisation, panteón* et coleto. 1) A travers la sécularisation, il s’agit d’analyser les rivalités institutionnelles entre l’Église et l’État dans l’histoire du Chiapas, 2) A travers le panteón*, il s’agit de rendre compte des transformations urbaines, artistiques et idéologiques liés à un nouvel aménagement spatial et aux nouvelles pratiques du funéraire dans son ancienne capitale et 3) Le gentilé coleto se trouve au centre des enjeux politiques et culturels qui entourent la construction des identités collectives de cette ville et au niveau régional. L’analyse de longue durée portant sur la naissance et le développement de ce cimetière peut remettre en perspective le début d’une période dite « modernisatrice » au Chiapas. Elle amène également à regarder autrement la pensée binaire dominant cette ville depuis plusieurs siècles, l’écartelant constamment entre des pôles antagonistes tels que le religieux / le politique, le colonial / le national, ou l’indigène / l’étranger. / The central aim of the theses is to reconstruct the social and cultural evolution of the city of San Cristobal de Las Casas in Chiapas (Mexico), since its foundation in 1528 until the first decades of the 20th century. It is focused on the only city’s cemetery established at the end of the 19th century, to further explore “the funerary question” as the broad range of beliefs, practices and material and mental imagery about Death and the memory of the dead. The study is addressed by three thematic axes articulated by the keywords secularization, panteón* and coleto. 1) Through secularization, the institutional rivalries between the Church and the State can be analyzed concerning the history of Chiapas, 2) By means of panteón* are examined the aspects relating the urban, artistic and ideological transformations caused by the new burial spatial organization and the emergence of new funerary practices in its former capital city, and 3) the demonym coleto is the key issue in the political and cultural matters behind the construction of the city’s and regional collective identities. The long-term perspective about the origin and development of this cemetery can bring a new questioning to that period of “modernization” in Chiapas. It can also help to reconsider the binary thought dominating the city for centuries, splitting it continuously between opposites such as religion/politics, colonial/national or indigenous/foreigner. / El objetivo de la tesis consiste en reconstituir la historia social y cultural de la ciudad de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, desde su fundación en 1528 hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XX. A partir del único cementerio que se instauró en la ciudad a fines del siglo XIX, la investigación explora de manera más amplia la aquí llamada “cuestión funeraria”; es decir, el conjunto de creencias, prácticas y representaciones mentales y materiales acerca de la muerte y la memoria de los difuntos. El estudio se divide en tres temas articulados, cada uno por una palabra clave: secularización, panteón y coleto. 1) Con el concepto de secularización se analizan las rivalidades institucionales entre la Iglesia y el Estado en la historia de Chiapas, 2) el término panteón expone las transformaciones urbanas, artísticas e ideológicas a partir de la reorganización de los lugares de defunción y la realización de nuevas prácticas funerarias en su antigua capital y 3) el gentilicio coleto nos lleva al centro de aspectos políticos y culturales que intervienen en la construcción de las identidades colectivas de la ciudad y la región. El análisis de larga duración acerca del nacimiento y desarrollo de este cementerio permite dar otras dimensiones a un período considerado de “modernización” en Chiapas. El mismo procedimiento ofrece también la posibilidad de superar la lógica binaria que domina a esta ciudad desde hace varios siglos, atrapándola continuamente entre polos antagónicos tales como lo religioso/lo político, lo colonial/lo nacional y lo indígena/lo extranjero.
319

La sécularisation de la répudiation : ou l'avènement de la rupture unilatérale et discrétionnaire en droit français / The secularization of "repudiation" : or the advent of the unilateral and discretionary in French law

Koumdadji, Abla 13 December 2010 (has links)
D’origine essentiellement religieuse, la répudiation est la rupture unilatérale et discrétionnaire du mariage décidée par l’époux. En droit musulman, elle permet au mari de mettre un terme à la relation maritale sans avoir à se justifier. En France, cette institution est critiquée et même rejetée tant elle paraît étrangère à la civilisation européenne. Pourtant, à y regarder de plus près, la rupture unilatérale et discrétionnaire du couple existe en droit français sous l’appellation de « divorce pour altération définitive du lien conjugal » pour le mariage, mais encore de «rupture unilatérale » s’agissant du pacte civil de solidarité et du concubinage. La différence tient au titulaire de l’exercice de ce droit, alors que la répudiation ne peut être mise en oeuvre que par l’homme, la rupture unilatérale et discrétionnaire du mariage, du PACS et du concubinage peut être décidée par l’homme ou la femme. Toutefois, fondamentalement, les effets sont les mêmes : l’un décide, l’autre subit. Que la rupture soit judiciaire ou non judiciaire, ce mode de dissolution laisse perplexe quant à l’attitude du juge et du législateur français face à la répudiation. Le premier refuse, depuis le 17 février 2004, de reconnaître des effets aux répudiations musulmanes en France sous couvert de la violation du principe d’égalité entre époux. Le second, cautionne la rupture unilatérale et discrétionnaire au sein du couple / Initially, repudiation is mainly religious. It is the one-sided and discretionary break of marriage bonds, decided by the husband. In muslim law, it allows the husband to put an end to the marital bonds, without justifying himself. In France, this institution is criticized and even rejected for it seems so far from european civilization. However, looking at it closer, theone-sided and discretionary break-up of the couple exists, under the denomination of «divorce for definitive alteration of the marriage». Concerning the Civil Solidarity Pact (PACS) or cohabitation, it is called «unilateral break». The difference lies on the spouse, which is entitled to this right. Whereas repudiation is only the husband right, unilateral and discretionary break of marriage bonds, civil solidarity pact and cohabitation can be decided by both spouses. However, the consequences are the same. One decides, the other puts up with it. This kind of dissolution, either judicial or extrajudicial, make many uestions arise, considering the french judge and lawmaker’s behaviour towards repudiation. The former is unwilling, since the 17th february 2004, to recognize in France any effect to muslim repudiations for it is considered as an attempt to the principle of equality between spouses. The latter guarantees the unilateral and discretionary break within the couple
320

Le cardinal Paul Grégoire et l'Église de Montréal (1968-1990)

Phaneuf, Luc 12 1900 (has links)
L’historiographie récente du catholicisme québécois a passé pratiquement sous silence la vie et l’épiscopat de Mgr Paul Grégoire, archevêque de Montréal de 1968 à 1990. Pourtant, son épiscopat s’est déployé pendant une période cruciale de l’histoire du Québec et de l’Église catholique. Lorsque Mgr Grégoire devient archevêque de Montréal en avril 1968, le Québec vit encore sa Révolution tranquille, une période qui a vu l’éclosion au Québec de mentalités et moeurs nouvelles à l’enseigne du rejet du passé, sous l’impulsion d’une sécularisation et d’une déchristianisation déferlantes. De son côté, l’Église catholique vit son propre renouveau identitaire, fruit des travaux du Concile Vatican II, terminé depuis décembre 1965. C’est au confluent de ces deux renouveaux identitaires que l’épiscopat de Mgr Grégoire va prendre forme. L’archevêque de Montréal devra faire face à de nombreux défis inédits sur les fronts externes et internes. Ad extra, il devra prendre acte des défis d’une nouvelle donne sociale extrêmement défavorable à son Église, notamment sur le flanc de la confessionnalité du système d’éducation. Ad intra, il devra implanter les réformes conciliaires dans son diocèse, non sans avoir à affronter plusieurs résistances et incompréhensions, dont certaines deviendront des crises remettant en question la qualité de son leadership comme archevêque de Montréal. Au moment de sa retraite en mars 1990, Monsieur le cardinal Grégoire aura vu l’Église catholique perdre la majeure partie de son influence morale et spirituelle sur la société montréalaise et québécoise. Même si sa personnalité ne l’avait pas desservi dans ses efforts pour imprimer à l’Église de Montréal son orientation doctrinale, sa discipline et son style, on voit mal comment il aurait pu contrer significativement une évolution toute-puissante dans sa globalité. C’est ce que révèle le bilan de son épiscopat. / The recent historiography on Catholicism in the Province of Québec has neglected the life and episcopate of Paul Grégoire, archbishop of Montréal from 1968 to 1990. Yet his episcopate covers a crucial period in the history of the Province and the Catholic Church. When he became archbishop of Montréal in April 1968, the Province of Québec was still in the midst of its Quiet Revolution, a period of growing change in mentalities and morals brought on by a rejection of the past and the rising tide of secularization and dechristianization. For its part, the Catholic Church was going through its own renewed identity process as a result of the Second Vatican Council which had ended December 1965. It is at the juncture of these two renewed identities that Archbishop Grégoire’s episcopate took shape. The prelate had to cope with many new challenges both on the external and internal fronts. Ad extra, he had to meet the challenges of a new social order extremely unfavorable towards his Church, particularly concerning the denominational school system. Ad intra, he had to implement the Council reforms throughout his diocese and in so doing encountered a great deal of resistance and much misunderstanding which sometimes led to crises casting doubt on his leadership. At the time of his retirement in March 1990, Cardinal Grégoire had seen the Catholic Church lose the greater part of its moral and spiritual influence on the Montréal and Québec societies. He had set out to mold the Church of Montréal according to his doctrinal orientation, his discipline and his style. Even while taking into consideration that his personality was not best suited for the task, we fail to see how he could have significantly countered the great opposing forces at work. The study of his episcopate clearly reveals this.

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