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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
271

La Shoah, Mémorial de Sang refondateur des droits de l'homme : une lecture théologico-politique du XXe siècle

Poëti, Martin 09 1900 (has links)
Centrée sur une réflexion des droits de l’homme à partir de l’expérience historique de la Shoah, la thèse porte sur l’enjeu fondamental du statut du religieux en modernité. Trois parties la composent, correspondant au génocide, à la modernité politique et à l’histoire du Salut : la première propose une interprétation de l’Holocauste en ayant recours aux catégories empruntées à l’historiographie, à la réflexion philosophique et à la tradition théologique. Elle rend compte de deux lectures concurrentes des Lumières, du renversement de la théologie chrétienne du judaïsme au XXe siècle, de la généalogie idéologique du nazisme ainsi que du contexte explosif de l’entre-deux-guerres. La seconde partie de la thèse avance une théorie des trois modernités, selon laquelle les États-Unis, la France et Vatican II représenteraient des interprétations divergentes et rivales des droits. Enfin, la troisième partie reprend les deux précédentes thématiques de la Shoah et de la modernité, mais à la lumière de la Révélation, notamment de l’Incarnation et de la Croix. La Révélation est présentée comme un double dévoilement simultané de l’identité de Dieu et de la dignité humaine – comme un jeu de miroir où la définition de l’homme est indissociable de celle de la divinité. En provoquant l’effondrement de la Chrétienté, la sécularisation aurait créé un vide existentiel dans lequel se serait engouffré le nazisme comme religion politique et idéologie néo-païenne de substitution. Négation de l'élection d'Israël, du Décalogue et de l’anthropologie biblique, l’entreprise nazie d’anéantissement est comprise comme la volonté d’éradication de la Transcendance et du patrimoine spirituel judéo-chrétien, la liquidation du Dieu juif par l’élimination du peuple juif. Le judéocide pourrait dès lors être qualifié de «moment dans l’histoire du Salut» en ce sens qu’il serait porteur d’un message moral en lien avec le contenu de la Révélation qui interpellerait avec force et urgence la conscience moderne. L’Holocauste constituerait ainsi un kairos, une occasion à saisir pour une critique lucide des apories de la modernité issue des Lumières et pour un renouvellement de la pensée théologico-politique, une invitation à une refondation transcendante des droits fondamentaux, dont la liberté religieuse ferait figure de matrice fondationnelle. La Shoah apporterait alors une réponse au rôle que la Transcendance pourrait jouer dans les sociétés modernes. Mémorial de Sang refondateur des droits de la personne, l'Holocauste rendrait témoignage, il lancerait une mise en garde et poserait les conditions nécessaires d'un enracinement biblique à la préservation de la dignité de l’être humain. Aux Six Millions de Défigurés correspondrait la Création de l'Homme du Sixième Jour. En conclusion, un triangle synergique nourricier est soutenu par l’extermination hitlérienne (1941-1945), la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme (1948) et le Concile Vatican II (1962-1965) comme les trois piliers d’une nouvelle modernité, située au-delà des paradigmes américain (1776) et français (1789). La Shoah inaugurerait et poserait ainsi les fondements d'un nouvel horizon civilisationnel; elle pointerait vers un nouveau départ possible pour le projet de la modernité. L'expérience génocidaire n'invaliderait pas la modernité, elle ne la discréditerait pas, mais la relancerait sur des bases spirituelles nouvelles. Cette refondation des droits fondamentaux offrirait alors une voie de sortie et de conciliation à la crise historique qui opposait depuis près de deux siècles en Europe les droits de l'homme et la Transcendance, Dieu et la liberté – modèle susceptible d’inspirer des civilisations non occidentales en quête d’une modernité respectueuse de leur altérité culturelle et compatible avec la foi religieuse. / As a reflection on human rights focused on the historical experience of the Holocaust, the dissertation looks at the status of religion in modernity. It is made up of three parts; genocide, the politics of modernity, and the history of salvation. The first suggests an interpretation of the Holocaust based upon categories borrowed from historiography, philosophical reflection, and theological tradition. It takes into account two readings of the Enlightment: the inversion of Christian theology towards Judaism in the twentieth century, the ideological sources of Nazism and the explosive time of the inter-war years. The second part of the thesis advances a theory of three ways of seeing modernity: those of France, America, and Vatican II, representing rival and divergent understandings of human rights. The third and final part takes the premises of the previous parts, but in the light of the Revelation, especially that of the Incarnation of the Cross. The Revelation is presented as a simultaneous revealing of God’s identity and human dignity – as an image in a mirror or as the definition of man being inseperable from that of God. In causing the collapse of Christendom, secularization has created an existential vacuum which could be filled by Nazism as a political religion and a neo-pagan ideology of substitution. Negating the election of Israel, the Ten Commandments and biblical anthropology, the Nazi project of destruction is understood as the willingness to eradicate the Transcendence and the Judeo-Christian Tradition, the liquidation of the Jewish God by the elimination of the Jewish people. Judeocide can thus be described as a “Moment in the History of Salvation” in that it conveys a moral message connected with the content of the Revelation which strongly and urgently calls out to modern consciousness. The Holocaust is thus a Kairos, an opportunity for clear reviews of the aporias of a kind of modernity generated by the Age of Enlightment, for an invitation to a transcendent rooting-anchoring of human rights, and for a renewal of theological-political thought, where religious freedom appears as the foundation. As a Memorial of Blood reengaging human rights, the witness of the Holocaust represents a warning and shows the need for of a biblical understanding of the person to preserve human dignity. The six million victims correspond to the creation of man on the sixth day. As a conclusion, a synergy is claimed between Hitler’s extermination (1941-1945), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) as the three pillars of a new modernity, beyond the American (1776) and French paradigms (1789). The Shoah ushers in and lays the foundation of a new understanding of civilization. It points towards a new point of departure for the journey of modernity. The experience of genocide does not invalidate nor discredit modernity, but offers it up towards a new spiritual understanding. This understanding of fundamental rights offers a way of leaving behind and reconciling the historical crisis between God and liberty, human rights and Transcendence in Europe for the last two hundred years – which may equally be of use to non-western civilizations in their quest for a respectful modernity for their own cultures, compatible with their own faiths.
272

Adaptation et immutabilité en droit musulman : illustrées par l'expérience marocaine

Poupart, André January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
273

Conceptions of God and narratives of modernity : a hermeneutical interpretation of Charles Taylor's A Secular Age

Guyver, Jennifer January 2009 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
274

La médiation chrétienne : quelle altérité théologico-politique dans l’histoire ? / Christian mediation : what is theological-political alterity in history ?

Bourdin, Bernard 28 January 2014 (has links)
Le présent travail se décline en trois parties, chacune développant un volet de la thèse globale. Premier volet : La genèse de la modernité politique a été l'objet de nombreuses interprétations philosophiques. Au cœur de ces interprétations, le théorème de la sécularisation s'est révélé aussi décisif que discuté. Pour mettre à l'épreuve ce concept, ce premier volet entend faire valoir la fécondité herméneutique de la théologie politique chrétienne, dont le concept central est celui de médiation : d'une part au travers de ses multiples paradigmes, d'autre part, en la confrontant à plusieurs théories philosophiques du XXè siècle. Le deuxième volet, le plus volumineux, s'est donné pour tâche de procéder à l'examen critique de la théologie politique du juriste Carl Schmitt. En quoi offre-t-elle des éléments de réponses pour une adéquation de la théologie politique chrétienne au paradigme moderne et séculier de la condition politique? En quoi conduit-elle à une impasse, qu'il convient de surmonter pour élaborer un nouveau rapport entre christianisme et politique et une pensée de l'histoire ? Pour répondre à cette question, le troisième volet s'est imposé, dans un premier temps, par l'investigation de la philosophie de Rosenzweig dans L'Etoile de la Rédemption, notamment s'agissant de son concept de peuple (juif et chrétien). Dans un deuxième temps, par l'explicitation des divergents-accords entre la thèse de Rosenzweig et celle de Schmitt : celle du Juif hors de l'histoire et du Chrétien dans l'histoire, dont les deux auteurs font un usage diamétralement opposé. C'est à l'aune de ces divergents-accords que la thèse conclusive de l'élaboration d'une théologie « du » politique peut trouver un espace réflexif pour un autre rapport entre une transcendance religieuse et le fondement autonome et séculier d'une philosophie politique de la démocratie. / The present work is laid out in three sections, each of which develops a part of the overall thesis. First section: the origin of political modernity has been the object of numerous philosophical interpretations. At the heart of these interpretations, the concept of secularization has proven to be as decisive as it is contentious. In order to put this concept to the test, this first section seeks to show the value of the hermeneutical fruitfulness to be found in Christian political theology, whose central notion is that of mediation; it does this on the one hand through the multiple paradigms of this latter, and on the other hand by confronting it with several twentieth-century political philosophies. The second section, which is the most important in terms of volume, sets out on a critical examination of the political theology of the jurist Carl Schmitt: to what extent does it offer elements which respond to questions concerning the adequacy of Christian political theology vis-à-vis the modern secular paradigm prevalent in today's political environment? to what extent does it lead to an impasse which needs to be obviated in order to work out a new way of relating Christianity and politics and historical thought? In order to answer this question [translator's note: these questions?], the third section adds various considerations. First of all, it proceeds with an investigation of Rosenzweig's philosophy exhibited in L'Etoile de la Rédemption [The Star of Redemption], notably with regard to his concept of people (Jewish or Christian). Secondly, it details the theories of Rosenzweig and Schmitt with regard to diverging agreement: the place of the Jew outside of history versus the place of the Christian within history. A concept which the two authors take in diametrically opposed directions. It is by taking the measure of these diverging agreements that one arrives at the conclusive thesis, namely the working out of a theory of “the political man”, can find room for flexibility, providing a link between religious transcendence and the autonomous and secular grounding of a political philosophy of democracy.
275

A contribuição de Andrés Torres Queiruga para uma releitura moderna do cristianismo

Costa, Juarez Aparecido 30 October 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juarez Aparecido Costa.pdf: 1421866 bytes, checksum: b0655689add57bdda9449dc75d2a06f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-30 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This thesis shows that cultural changes provided by modernity enable the crisis of Christianity. It brings as fundamental essence the theologian Andrés Torres Queiruga, that uncovers in modernity a consequence of the main virtues of Christianity. It points horizons to the useful dialogue between Christianity and modernity and contributes to a modern reinterpretation of this religion to it can stand firm and contextualized in its proposal. So it brings a review and actualization of Christianity in the highly regarded categories enabling a modern rereading of the religion so traditional. We concluded that it is appropriate to science of the religion and o theology provides this role, searching for collaborate for that it can occur a new look and a new rethink of the Christianity in the modernity. Only in the view of a new paradigm, the Christianity will be in the dialogue with other religions / Esta tese mostra que as mudanças culturais proporcionadas pela Modernidade possibilitaram a crise do cristianismo. Traz como âmago fundamental o teólogo Andrés Torres Queiruga, que descortina na Modernidade uma conseqüência das principais virtudes do cristianismo. Ele indica horizontes para o diálogo profícuo entre cristianismo e Modernidade, e contribui para uma reinterpretação moderna dessa religião para que ela possa se manter firme e contextualizada na sua proposta. Assim traz uma revisão e atualização do cristianismo dentro de novas categorias conceituais possibilitando uma releitura moderna dessa religião tão tradicional. Concluímos que cabe também a Ciências da Religião e a Teologia propiciarem este papel, procurando colaborar para que possa ocorrer um novo olhar e um novo repensar do cristianismo na Modernidade. Somente dentro da perspectiva de um novo paradigma o cristianismo poderá se concretizar no diálogo com outras religiões
276

Relações entre Igreja e Estado: secularização, laicidade e o lugar da religião no espaço público

Milani, Daniela Jorge 19 August 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Jorge Milani.pdf: 1520868 bytes, checksum: c0a968beaa186ad6ff2ddc803fb24700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-19 / O presente trabalho pretende elucidar as origens das relações entre o poder temporal e o espiritual, assim entendidos como Estado e Igreja genericamente. Deste modo, faz-se uma retrospectiva dessas relações, desde a época primitiva em que as sociedades eram clãs familiares nas quais a posição de chefe supremo se confundia com a de líder religioso, até os tempos modernos, passando pelas correntes racionalistas naturalistas até a situação atual, buscando esclarecer o real sentido do fenômeno da secularização e a consequente laicidade do Estado, que não deve ser confundida com laicismo ou antirreligiosidade. Deve ser entendida, na verdade, como pressuposto de uma relação de autonomia, independência e cooperação entre as instâncias administrativa e religiosa. Nota-se que, do ponto de vista da Igreja Católica, ao contrário do que se poderia pensar, o Estado deve ser laico, visto que, invariavelmente, as relações de interdependência acarretaram desmandos de parte a parte, desvirtuando o verdadeiro escopo de cada esfera de atuação. E mais, demonstra-se que, não obstante a promessa de irrestrita independência e autossuficiência da razão e a previsão de decadência e até de aniquilamento da fé, das mais radicais correntes iluministas do século XVIII, a pós-secularização se caracterizou pela persistência da religiosidade na sociedade, seja nas formas mais tradicionais ou de modo mais individualista. Neste cenário de laicidade e pós-secularização se questiona se haveria lugar para a religião no espaço público ou lhes caberia somente a atuação em seu mundo interior, privado, restrita aos seus templos e cultos? Haveria uma posição a assumir perante a sociedade e especialmente no debate político necessário ao jogo da democracia? Juntamente de Habermas, o filósofo alemão agnóstico, se conclui pela participação das religiões e suas cosmovisões particulares, não apenas para a necessária legitimidade do processo político democrático, que deve incluir a todos, mas pela abertura ao diálogo entre fé e saber, que são complementares um à outra, levando a sociedade a um progresso científico e tecnológico, sem abrir mão da ética e da moral, onde o ser humano é compreendido como a razão de ser do mundo e não como mero objeto de estudo e manipulação / O presente trabalho pretende elucidar as origens das relações entre o poder temporal e o espiritual, assim entendidos como Estado e Igreja genericamente. Deste modo, faz-se uma retrospectiva dessas relações, desde a época primitiva em que as sociedades eram clãs familiares nas quais a posição de chefe supremo se confundia com a de líder religioso, até os tempos modernos, passando pelas correntes racionalistas naturalistas até a situação atual, buscando esclarecer o real sentido do fenômeno da secularização e a consequente laicidade do Estado, que não deve ser confundida com laicismo ou antirreligiosidade. Deve ser entendida, na verdade, como pressuposto de uma relação de autonomia, independência e cooperação entre as instâncias administrativa e religiosa. Nota-se que, do ponto de vista da Igreja Católica, ao contrário do que se poderia pensar, o Estado deve ser laico, visto que, invariavelmente, as relações de interdependência acarretaram desmandos de parte a parte, desvirtuando o verdadeiro escopo de cada esfera de atuação. E mais, demonstra-se que, não obstante a promessa de irrestrita independência e autossuficiência da razão e a previsão de decadência e até de aniquilamento da fé, das mais radicais correntes iluministas do século XVIII, a pós-secularização se caracterizou pela persistência da religiosidade na sociedade, seja nas formas mais tradicionais ou de modo mais individualista. Neste cenário de laicidade e pós-secularização se questiona se haveria lugar para a religião no espaço público ou lhes caberia somente a atuação em seu mundo interior, privado, restrita aos seus templos e cultos? Haveria uma posição a assumir perante a sociedade e especialmente no debate político necessário ao jogo da democracia? Juntamente de Habermas, o filósofo alemão agnóstico, se conclui pela participação das religiões e suas cosmovisões particulares, não apenas para a necessária legitimidade do processo político democrático, que deve incluir a todos, mas pela abertura ao diálogo entre fé e saber, que são complementares um à outra, levando a sociedade a um progresso científico e tecnológico, sem abrir mão da ética e da moral, onde o ser humano é compreendido como a razão de ser do mundo e não como mero objeto de estudo e manipulação
277

O mundo na Igreja e a Igreja no mundo: reflexões sobre o Concílio Vaticano II e a modernidade

Contiero, Tiago Tadeu 05 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-02-16T19:28:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Tadeu Contiero.pdf: 1635805 bytes, checksum: 5ee55c0a96f91ed23fcb72a7f2a62445 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T19:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Tadeu Contiero.pdf: 1635805 bytes, checksum: 5ee55c0a96f91ed23fcb72a7f2a62445 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / This thesis aims at the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes and seeks to understand how it contributed to the internal secularization of Catholicism, changing the way the Catholic Church relates to the modern world. The subject is shown relevant in so far as the document has recently completed its fifty years and is still little studied even by the Catholic hierarchy. At the same time, it is important to try to understand not only the acceptance of secularization but also how the tumultuous relationship between Church and modernity has taken place. We proceed from the hypothesis that every condemnation made by the ecclesiastical magisterium against the modern world loses its relevance with Gaudium et spes, since it brings within it the acceptance of modernity as being positive even for the Catholic Church. The research consists of a bibliographical analysis based not only on the prominent authors who have already worked on the theme, but also on primary sources such as diaries of Conciliar Fathers and the Constitution itself, which makes a greater contribution to the studies on the Council and the Pastoral Constitution. With the development of the research, we believe that Gaudium et spes followed in the opposite direction to the teaching that preceded it and, therefore, was responsible for the establishment of a new, essentially secular, Catholic imaginary / A presente tese tem como objeto a Constituição Pastoral Gaudium et spes e busca compreender como a mesma contribuiu para a secularização interna do catolicismo, alterando o modo como a Igreja Católica se relaciona com o mundo moderno. O tema se mostra bastante relevante na medida em que o documento completou recentemente seus cinquenta anos e ainda é pouco estudado até mesmo pela hierarquia católica. Ao mesmo tempo, mostra-se importante por tentar compreender não apenas a aceitação da secularização, mas também como se deu a tumultuada relação entre Igreja-modernidade. Partimos da hipótese de que toda condenação feita pelo magistério eclesiástico contra o mundo moderno perde sua relevância com a Gaudium et spes uma vez que essa trás em seu interior a aceitação da modernidade como sendo positiva até mesmo para a Igreja Católica. A pesquisa consiste em uma análise bibliográfica fundamentada não apenas nos autores de destaque que já trabalharam com o tema, mas também com fontes primárias, como diários de Padres Conciliares e a própria Constituição o que confere uma contribuição maior para os estudos sobre o Concílio e a Constituição Pastoral. Com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, acreditamos comprovar que a Gaudium et spes seguiu na direção contrária ao magistério que a antecedeu e, com isso, foi responsável pelo estabelecimento de um novo imaginário católico, fundamentalmente secular
278

Sob o signo da cruz: Igreja, Estado e secularização (Campinas e Limeira 1774-1939) / Under the sign of the cross: Church, State and secularization (Campinas and Limeira 1774-1939)

Rosada, Mateus 25 March 2010 (has links)
Trata da relação entre Igreja Católica e Estado e seus desdobramentos na forma e na dinâmica de duas cidades paulistas: Campinas e Limeira. Busca compreender como se deu o jogo de forças entre esses poderes e como isso foi mudando ao longo do tempo. Para isso, analisa um recorte histórico de 1774 a 1939, abrangendo os três períodos políticos do Brasil: Colônia, Império e República, para fazer um panorama das questões que envolvem o lento processo de secularização no país. Aborda o avanço de idéias iluministas e as diretrizes urbanísticas no final do século XVIII e suas conseqüências no desenho urbano das cidades que surgiriam. Investiga o modelo que concedia terras para a Igreja para se iniciar uma nova povoação e como essa terra foi sendo expropriada pelo poder civil. Analisa, ainda, como novos pensamentos de higienismo, as novas tecnologias e o desenvolvimento de uma forma de pensar secularizada do indivíduo foram aumentando o aparato de equipamentos urbanos e profanos e diminuindo a importância simbólica da Igreja Católica no espaço da cidade. / It deals with the relation between the Catholic Church and its consequences in the form and the dynamics of two cities in São Paulo State (Brazil): Campinas and Limeira. It tries to understand how the game of forces between these powers was and how this has moved throughout the time. For this, it analyzes a historical clipping between 1774 and 1939, enclosing the three political periods of Brazil: Colony, Empire and Republic, to have and overlook about the questions that involve the slow process of secularization in the country. It approaches the advance of the Enlightenment ideas and the urban lines of direction in the end of XVIII century and its consequences in the urban drawing of the cities that would appear. It investigates the model that granted lands for the Church to initiate a new population and how this land was being expropriated for the civil power. It analyzes, still, how new hygienic thoughts, the new technologies and the secularization way of thinking development of the individual had been increasing the apparatus of urban and profane equipment and diminishing the symbolic importance of the Catholic Church in the city space.
279

Samvetets röst : Om mötet mellan luthersk ortodoxi och konservativ pietism i 1720-talets Sverige / The Voice of Conscience : The Encounter Beetween Lutheran Orthodoxy and Conservative Pietism in Sweden, 1720-30

Nordbäck, Carola January 2004 (has links)
<p>This dissertation deals with the encounter between Lutheran orthodoxy and conservative pietism 1720–1730. The aim has been to compare their views on society and man. </p><p>In the pietistic conflict, orthodoxy gave rise to attitudes which proved to be key to its view on society and man. It was a deeply rooted traditionalism, patriarchal order of society, demand for confessional uniformity and a corporativistic view on society. The above mentioned contained a specific view on the relationship between the church, state and individual. By using the Organism Metaphor, i.e. society depicted as a body, orthodoxy made visible the church’s collective unity. This body was also identical to the Swedish kingdom. If uniformity in faith and ceremonies was to be dissolved, it implied a disintegration of the social body and breaking of the bonds which held together both church and country. Uniformity was upheld through confessionalism and the partiarchal order of the church. The priests’ monopoly on official functions, and the legal calling created a barrier protecting this relationship to power. Where the views on society and man intersected, one specific theme can be identified – conscience. This spiritual function connected man to law, society’s patriarchal order and God. </p><p>I have emphasised five distinct traits of pietism: its polarizing tendencies, strong emotionalism, its reformist attitude towards church and social life, its egalitarianism and religious individualism. All of these traits collided with orthodoxy’s view on society and man. Pietism can be described as a massive christianization project, which included moral and ethic education of the people on an individual and collective level. Where pietism and religious individualism coincided with egalitarianism, a new discourse for conscience was established, where conscience became both an internal court of law – with God acting as judge – and a spiritual authority whose integrity grew in proportion to authority and church.</p>
280

“Till Death Do Us Part” : Marriage in the Catholic Church and the Church of Sweden: a Comparison

Enyonam Ayem, Christine January 2009 (has links)
<p>Marriage is an institution found in every society, culture or religion in the world. The Catholic Church has maintained most of her seven Sacraments including that of marriage. The Church of Sweden, an established Evangelical Lutheran faith, born out of the 16<sup>th</sup> century Reformation has two Sacraments excluding marriage. This field study was carried out in Gävle, Sweden in spring 2009. A comparative study of marriage in the Catholic Church and the Church of Sweden and the reason each church alludes to based on scripture and tradition was to help me, an African Catholic, understand differences between the respective churches and also understand why the Church of Sweden accepts same sex marriages. This was my motivation for writing this paper. I hope this paper will serve as a study guide to new people who come to Sweden from other cultures to enable them understand why the “Modus Operandi” regarding church marriage in Sweden is different from the church marriage in their native countries.</p>

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