An article from this thesis is available in the repository at http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97621 / Background: Community Assault (CA) or vigilantism is rife in the township of Khayelitsha. Anecdotal evidence suggests that victims of CA are worse off than other assault cases. However, scientific data on the rate and severity of CA cases is lacking for South Africa. Aims and Objectives: To contribute to CA prevention and management strategies, by estimating the rate of CA among adults in Khayelitsha and comparing the injury severity and survival probability between cases of CA and other assault (non-CA) cases. Methods: We studied 4 health centres in Khayelitsha during July - December 2012. A consecutive case-series was conducted to capture all CA cases during this period and a retrospective folder review was performed on all cases of CA as well as on a control group of non-CA cases to compare injury severity and estimate survival probability. Results: One hundred and forty-eight adult cases of CA occurred (case rate 1.1/1000 person-years) over the study period. The Injury Severity Scores (ISS) in the CA group were significantly higher than in the non-CA group (P<0.001), with a median (Inter Quartile Range) ISS of 3 in CA cases (2-6) and 1 in non-CA cases (1-2). Comparison between the two groups showed that a GCS<15 (20.1% versus 5.4%), referral to the tertiary hospital (33.8% versus 22.6%), and crush syndrome (25.7% versus 0%) were all more common in CA cases. Survival probabilities were similar in both groups: 99.2% in the CA group versus 99.3% in the non-CA group. Conclusion: The rate of CA among adults in Khayelitsha is high, and the severity of injuries sustained by CA victims is substantially higher than in other assault cases.

Communication problems may happen by a phonological deviation present in the speech of some children during the sounds acquisition and it may cause a limited phonetic inventory besides a simplified phonological system that will lead to a decrease in intelligibility. This study aimed at determining the correlation between intelligibility and the phonological deviation severity since the analysis of three different groups of judges. The research consisted of two samples; one sample to be assessed (subjects with phonological deviation) and another sample that comprised the judges (speech therapists, laypeople and mothers). The first sample was composed of 30 subjects, 10 female (33,3%) and 20 male (66,7%), average age 4:1 to 7:11, who presented phonological deviation determined by speech therapy, phonological tests and complementary assessments developed in the Program of Speech Therapy Assistance at UFSM. The second sample comprised the judges and it was consisted of five laypeople, five subjects with a background in the field (speech therapists and seniors from the Language Therapy graduation course at UFSM) and five subjects selected from the children s families (mothers). The speech of the subjects presenting phonological deviation was transcribed, analyzed and classified after nominalization, imitation and spontaneous speech tests. Then, it was determined the phonological deviation severity according to the Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC) proposed by Shriberg & Kwiatkowski (1982). It was also carried out a narrative test through which it was obtained a sample of spontaneous speech that was analyzed by the judges. The pieces of narrative were drawn to be presented to the judges randomly, ranging from Speech 1 to Speech 90, accompanied by some questions of identification and description of the judges, together with a chart for the registration of intelligibility and levels of severity. Following it, it was carried out the mode of 90 pieces of narrative, which helped in the statistical analysis of the data based on Concordance Analysis by Kappa and Spearman s Correlation, using the statistics program STATA. It was verified speech intelligibility and the phonological deviation severity assessed by the group of judges, as well as the concordance between these variables. Finally, it was examined the correlation between the severity index according to PCC and the values presented by each group of judges. Regarding intelligibility, it was widely classified as regular by all groups, and it was noticed that the speech therapists were more tolerant in their assessment. It was observed that the group of speech therapists and mothers used more the category average in their assessment of severity while the laypeople group used more the category moderate-severe . There was more concordance among the groups of judges concerning the extremes in the judgment of intelligibility (good and insufficient) and also of severity (average and severe). Considering the comparison among the results by the groups of judges; mothers and laypeople presented almost the same evaluation to intelligibility, and the level of concordance was higher to intelligibility evaluated as good. In terms of severity, the similarities among the groups were stronger in the extremes (average and severe); whereas among speech therapists and mothers it was almost perfect to average and severe levels. The concordance among all the groups was substantial to the assessment of good intelligibility as well as of average and severe levels of phonological deviation severity, being more difficult the judgment and classification of mild-moderate and moderate-severe severity as well as regular intelligibility. It was found a higher correlation between the severity and the severity in PCC by speech therapists and mothers, showing that laypeople face more difficulties in presenting a precise assessment of the phonological deviation severity. The correlations between the intelligibility of the speech and the phonological deviation severity by all the groups were positive and similar to the real indexes for all the groups of judges. Therefore, it was easy to the judges analyzing and correlating the assessments according to intelligibility and severity in the narratives of the subjects. It was observed that the more unintelligible the speech was, the more severe was its classification by the groups of judges. / Problemas na comunicação podem ser ocasionados pelo desvio fonológico, presente na fala de algumas crianças em fase de aquisição dos sons. Isso poderá ocasionar um inventário fonético restrito além de um sistema fonológico simplificado o que levará a diminuição da inteligibilidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a correlação entre a inteligibilidade e a gravidade do desvio fonológico a partir da análise de três grupos de julgadores. A pesquisa foi composta de duas amostras, uma amostra a ser julgada (sujeitos com desvio fonológico) e outra julgadora (fonoaudiólogas, leigas e mães). Os 30 sujeitos julgados, 10 (33,3%) do sexo feminino e 20 (66,7%) do masculino, com idade entre 4:1 e 7:11, possuíam o diagnóstico de desvio fonológico, determinado pelas avaliações fonoaudiológica, fonológica e complementares, e foram triadas no Serviço de Atendimento Fonoaudiológico (SAF) da UFSM. A amostra julgadora constituiu-se de cinco sujeitos leigos, cinco sujeitos com formação (fonoaudiólogas e formandas do curso de Fonoaudiologia da UFSM) e cinco sujeitos de convívio (mães das crianças participantes da amostra julgada). A fala dos sujeitos com desvio fonológico foi transcrita, analisada e classificada após as provas de nomeação, imitação e fala espontânea. Após, determinou-se a gravidade do desvio fonológico a partir do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas (PCC) proposto por Shriberg & Kwiatkowski (1982). Uma prova narrativa também foi aplicada, pela qual se obteve uma amostra da fala espontânea que pôde ser analisada pelos julgadores. As narrativas foram sorteadas para apresentação em ordem aleatória aos julgadores na ordem da Fala 1 a Fala 90, e eram acompanhadas do questionário com perguntas de identificação e caracterização dos julgadores além das grades para marcação da inteligibilidade e gravidade. A partir daí, realizou-se a Moda das 90 narrativas, a qual possibilitou a análise estatística dos dados através da Análise de Concordância Kappa e da Correlação de Spearman, utilizando o programa estatístico STATA. Verificou-se a inteligibilidade da fala e a gravidade do desvio fonológico julgada pelos grupos de juízes e a concordância entre essas variáveis nos julgamentos. Finalizando, verificou-se a correlação entre o índice da gravidade do desvio fonológico a partir do PCC e os valores julgados por cada um dos grupos de juízes. Quanto à inteligibilidade da fala dos sujeitos julgados o conceito regular foi o mais utilizado por todos os grupos em seus julgamentos, e os fonoaudiólogos foram mais tolerantes em seus julgamentos. Observou-se que o grupo de fonoaudiólogas e mães utilizou mais o conceito médio em seus julgamentos para a gravidade do desvio fonológico e o grupo de leigas fez maior uso do grau moderado-severo. Houve maior concordância entre os grupos de juízes para os extremos das possibilidades de julgamento da inteligibilidade (boa e insuficiente) e também da gravidade (médio e severo). Quanto à concordância entre os grupos, as julgadoras mães e leigas tiveram concordância quase perfeita para o julgamento da inteligibilidade boa e o grau de concordância foi mais acentuado para a inteligibilidade julgada como boa. Para a gravidade do desvio fonológico, a concordância entre os grupos foi mais acentuada nos extremos (médio e severo), sendo que entre as julgadoras fonoaudiólogas e mães essa concordância foi quase perfeita para o grau médio e severo. A concordância entre todos os grupos de julgadores foi substancial para os julgamentos da inteligibilidade boa e da gravidade média e severa, sendo mais difícil o julgamento e classificação da gravidade médio-moderado e moderado-severo e da inteligibilidade regular. Notou-se uma maior correlação entre a gravidade julgada e a gravidade em PCC no grupo de julgadores fonoaudiólogas e no das mães, demonstrando que o grupo das leigas possui maior dificuldade em julgar com precisão a gravidade do desvio fonológico. As correlações entre a inteligibilidade da fala e a gravidade do desvio fonológico foram positivas e próximas da perfeita para todos os grupos de julgadores. Portanto, houve facilidade para os julgadores analisarem e correlacionarem os julgamentos quanto à inteligibilidade da fala e à gravidade do desvio fonológico das narrativas dos sujeitos. Observou-se que quanto mais foi julgada ininteligível a fala, mais severa foi a sua classificação pelos grupos de julgadores participantes.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T15:05:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDRÉ AIRES DE FARIAS - TESE (PPGRN) 2016.pdf: 5737610 bytes, checksum: 24b094da2cef8f2db3a8552a03764f80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T15:05:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDRÉ AIRES DE FARIAS - TESE (PPGRN) 2016.pdf: 5737610 bytes, checksum: 24b094da2cef8f2db3a8552a03764f80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Capes / Objetivou-se identificar e analisar os períodos de secas na sub-bacia hidrográfica do Rio Taperoá (SBHRT) e os impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais e ações de convivência com a seca de 2012-2014 no município de Taperoá - PB. Dados pluviométricos, série 19632014, foram utilizados para analisar o regime de precipitação da sub-bacia; e a severidade dos anos secos, por meio do Índice padronizado de precipitação. A identificação dos impactos foi realizada utilizando-se o método de listagem descritiva check-list, questionários, dados bibliográficos e documentais. Para analisar as variáveis socioeconômicas e as ações de convivência foram utilizados os mesmos materiais dos impactos, exceto o check-list. O período chuvoso dos municípios da sub-bacia ocorre de janeiro a maio, precipitações menores do que a média nesses meses causaram graves impactos. Verificou-se que a maioria das secas que ocorreram na SBHRT se enquadram na categoria moderada, seguido por severa e extrema. A SBHRT foi atingida por secas severas e extremas durante todas as décadas analisadas, no entanto, o maior número delas ocorreu nas décadas de 1980, 1990, 2000 e 2010. A seca mais grave foi a de 1998-2000, seguido pela de 1979-1985. A seca de 20122014 não foi a mais grave porque a precipitação foi acima da ocorrida no período de 19982000 e 1979-1985, houve também maior investimento em ações de convivência com as secas e programas sociais implantados pelos governos. Os impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais da seca de 2012-2014 no município de Taperoá-PB foram: problemas de saúde relativos à baixa disponibilidade hídrica, desigualdade na distribuição de recursos durante a seca, desgaste mental, reduções na alimentação da população, conflitos entre usuários de água, aumento da pobreza, migrações populacionais, redução da pecuária e da produção de culturas, aumento do desemprego, elevação dos custos para transportar água, indisponibilidade de alimentos para animais, perturbação dos ciclos de reprodução, redução de recreação e turismo, prejuízos à flora, à fauna e às espécies piscícolas, e redução da qualidade da água. Os impactos continuaram porque faltou recursos financeiros para implantar programas e as políticas públicas de convivência não foram efetivas, só aparecendo com maior intensidade quando a região estava prejudicada pela seca. Para redução dos impactos é necessário aumentar o número de cisternas, principalmente a calçadão. É necessário também perfurar poços e construir açudes, além de fazer manutenção nos que estejam com capacidade reduzida ou desativados, construir barragens subterrâneas e tanques naturais, terminar e colocar em funcionamento a Transposição do Rio São Francisco, incentivar a gestão dos recursos hídricos, criar programas que visem o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, incentivando a fenação, silagem, meliponicultura, apicultura, criação de animais e plantas adaptados à região, dentre muitos outros. / This study aimed to identify and analyze the periods of droughts in sub-basin hydrographic of the Taperoá River (SBHTR) and the social, economic and environmental impacts and living actions with drought from 2012-2014 in the municipality of Taperoá - PB. Rainfall data, serie 1963-2014, were used to analyze the sub-basin rainfall regime; and the severity of the dry years, through the Standardized Precipitation Index. The identification of social, economic and environmental impacts was performed using the method of descriptive listing check-list, questionnaires, bibliographic and documentary data. To analyze the socioeconomic variables and of actions of living together were used same materials of the impacts, except the checklist. The rainy period in the municipalities of the sub-basin occurs from january to may, precipitations lower than average in these months caused severe impacts. It was found that most of droughts in SBHRT occurred into the category moderate, following by severe and extreme. The SBHRT was hit by severe and extreme dried for all analyzed decades, however, as many of them occurred in the decades of 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010. The most severe drought was the from 1998-2000, followed by 1979-1985. The drought of 2012-2014 was not the more serious because the precipitation was above occurred in 1998-2000 and 1979-1985 period, there was also greater investment in coexistence actions with droughts and social programs implemented by governments. The social, economic and environmental impacts of the drought of 2012-2014 in the municipality of Taperoá-PB were: health problems of low flow, unequal distribution of resources during the drought, mental strain, reductions in food supply, conflicts water users, increasing poverty, population migration, reduction of livestock and crop production, rising unemployment, higher costs for transporting water, unavailability of feed, disruption of reproductive cycles, reduction of recreation and tourism, losses in flora, fauna and fish species, and reduced water quality. The impacts continued because they lack financial resources to implement programs and public coexistence policies were not effective, only appearing with greater intensity when the region was hampered by drought. To reduce the impacts is to increase the number of cisterns, especially the boardwalk. You also need to drill wells and build dams, in addition to maintenance on that are with reduced or deactivated capacity, building underground dams and natural ponds, finished and put into operation the Transposition of the São Francisco River, encourage the management of water resources, create programs aimed at strengthening family farming, encouraging haymaking, silage, beekeeping, meliponiculture, husbandry of animals and plants adapted to the region, among many others.

Os mecanismos de defesa representam uma dimensão importante da estrutura da personalidade e do funcionamento psicodinâmico, sendo uma das formas de medir como o indivíduo habitualmente responde aos estressores. O estudo dos mecanismos de defesa utilizados por pacientes com Transtorno do Pânico (TP) pode ter utilidade no entendimento e no tratamento desse transtorno. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de avaliar os mecanismos de defesa do ego, nos pacientes com TP, e sua associação com gravidade, resposta ao tratamento e alteração pós tratamento. Sessenta pacientes com TP e 31 controles participaram da primeira fase do trabalho. O Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview foi usado para confirmar o diagnóstico de TP e estabelecer o diagnóstico de co-morbidades. A Impressão Clínica Global (CGI) foi usada para avaliar a gravidade do TP e o Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) foi usado para avaliar os mecanismos de defesa. Em uma segunda etapa, 33 pacientes com TP sintomáticos e 33 voluntários normais foram avaliados com os mesmos instrumentos, aplicados no início do estudo e após 16 semanas. Os pacientes receberam durante esse período tratamento farmacológico com sertralina. Ambos os estudos demonstraram que pacientes com TP utilizam mais defesas neuróticas e imaturas comparados ao grupo controle. Os pacientes com pânico grave (CGI>4) apresentaram maior co-morbidade com depressão atual e usaram mais defesas imaturas do que os pacientes com CGI< 4 (média=4.2 vs. 3.5; p<0.001). Após 4 meses de tratamento, houve diminuição no uso de defesas neuróticas (4.6 vs. 4.2; p=0.049) e imaturas (3.6 vs. 3.4 p=0.035) no grupo de pacientes. Pacientes que usavam mais defesas neuróticas e imaturas apresentaram pior resposta ao tratamento. Pacientes com TP usaram mais defesas mal-adaptativas quando comparados ao grupo controle, no basal e após 4 meses. O uso de defesas neuróticas e imaturas está associado à gravidade do TP e à pior resposta ao tratamento. Os mecanismos de defesa são, então, parte de uma maneira estável do indivíduo lidar com conflitos, mas também são influenciados pelo estado agudo da doença. / This study aims at evaluating the defense mechanisms most frequently used by Brazilian patients with panic disorder when compared to a control group as well as at examining the association between severity of disease and co morbidity and the use of specific defense mechanisms. Sixty panic disordered patients and thirty-one controls participated in the study. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to confirm the panic disorder diagnosis and to establish the co morbid diagnosis. The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) was used to assess severity and the Defensive Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) was used to evaluate the defense mechanisms. Panic patients used more neurotic (mean=4.9 vs. 3.6; p<0,001) and immature (mean=3.9 vs. 2.8; p< 0,001) defenses as compared to controls. Panic patients with severe disease (n=37; CGI>4) had more depression co morbidity and used more immature defenses than patients with CGI<4 (n=23; mean=4.2 vs. 3.5; p<0.001). It was concluded that the Panic severity and depression co morbidity found in Brazilian panic disordered patients are associated with the use of maladaptive mechanisms, namely immature defenses.

abstract: Two nearly homogenous 60 acre watersheds near Heber, Arizona, within the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, were burned at moderate and high severities during the 2002 Rodeo-Chediski wildfire. Each watershed had 30 permanent plots located on it from earlier studies. In 2011, nearly 10 years following the fire, the plots were re-measured to determine how fire severity affects the long term vegetative recovery of this ecosystem; specifically herbaceous production and tree regeneration and density. Canopy cover, litter depth, herbaceous weight, herbaceous cover and shrub cover are vital indicators of herbaceous production, and were found to be significantly different between the sites. Canopy cover and litter depth were found to be significantly higher on the moderate site while herbaceous weight, herbaceous cover and shrub cover were found to be significantly higher on the high site. Tree densities of the three present tree species, ponderosa pine, alligator juniper, and gambel oak, were measured and divided into five size classes to distinguish the diversity of the communities. The mean densities for each species and size class were analyzed to determine if there were any statistically significant differences between the sites. Ponderosa pine saplings (regeneration) were found to have no significant differences between the sites. Juniper and oak saplings were found to be significantly higher on the high site. The remaining four ponderosa pine size classes were found to be significantly higher on the moderate site while the remaining four size classes for juniper and oak were found to have no statistical differences between the sites. Further analysis of the tree proportions revealed that the ponderosa pine species was significantly higher on the moderate site while juniper and oak were significantly higher on the high site. Species specific proportion analysis showed that the ponderosa pine size classes were significantly different across the sites while the juniper and oak size classes showed no significant differences between the sites. Within the ponderosa pine size classes, saplings were found to be significantly higher on the high site while the remaining four classes were significantly higher on the moderate site. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Applied Biological Sciences 2012

Magister Curationis - Mcur / According to Brown (2010), influenza kills and hospitalises thousands of people every year, about thirty-five thousand and two hundred thousand respectively. Some studies have shown that one of the major reasons that people do not take part in preventative behaviour concerning influenza would be some misconceptions and lack of knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions and attitudes of nursing students at a University in the Western Cape about influenza and their prevention and health seeking behaviour against influenza infection. This topic is important as nursing students are a part of the population group that is frequently exposed to influenza, either at their institutions of learning or in the hospitals and clinics, where they come into contact with patients in their roles as health care workers. A comprehensive review of the literature around perceptions and attitudes and health seeking behaviours regarding influenza was undertaken and considered by the researcher. Most of the literature reviewed came from Western countries as not much research has been done in Africa on the topic. From the literature reviewed, the researcher decided to use the Health Belief Model as a conceptual framework for this study as it has proven to be relatively effective in previous studies of this nature as well as in predicting people's health seeking behaviours.

La dengue, maladie transmise par des moustiques, est causée par l'un des 4 sérotypes du virus de la dengue (DENV). Le Cambodge est un pays d'hyperendémicité de la dengue où les 4 sérotypes en co-circulent. Le programme national de lutte contre la dengue a été établi en 2000 et a fourni des données nécessaires dans la compréhension du profil épidémiologique et de l'évolution du DENV. La dynamique d'évolution virale est caractérisée par des événements de disparition et d'émergence de lignées au sein de chaque sérotype en fonction du temps. La dengue se présente sous différentes formes cliniques allant d'une forme asymptomatique aux formes sévères accompagnée d'un syndrome de choc (DSS) et le diagnostic différentiel est souvent compliqué. Dans des contextes cliniques différents et avec des profils biologiques variables, nous avons évalué un test de diagnostic précoce de détection de l'antigène NS1 de la dengue. De plus, nous avons identifié de nombreux profils d'expression biologique spécifiques aux cas de DSS qui pourraient être utilisés comme d'éventuelles cibles pour le développement de nouveaux traitements ou comme des marqueurs de pronostic. / Dengue infection, caused by one of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world with an estimated 50-100 million cases annually. In Cambodia, dengue is hyperendemic and all four serotypes are circulating. The active hospital-based surveillance has been established in 2000 and provided important insights in the understanding of the epidemiological profile and of the DENV evolution. The dynamic of evolution of DENV is characterized by complex patterns of lineage turnovers within each serotype, with lineages increasing and decreasing in frequency through time. Dengue manifests in various clinical forms - from asymptomatic to severe form with shock syndrome - and is sometimes difficult to differentiate from other febrile diseases. We have evaluated the performance of a recent diagnostic tool (NS1 antigen detection) - developed to identify dengue at a very early stage on the infection - depending on various clinical and biological patterns. Additionally, genome-wide expression analysis has characterized a large amount of gene signatures specific to dengue shock syndrome which could be used as prognostic markers as well as potential targets for drug design.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aguiar_rl_dr_jabo.pdf: 130693 bytes, checksum: facda5e5a2148436998cad65879831e5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundecitrus / A mancha preta dos citros (MPC), causada pelo fungo Guignardia citricarpa, produz lesões nos frutos que os depreciam para o mercado interno e os restringem para a exportação. O grande período de suscetibilidade dos frutos, em adição ao fato do patógeno causar infecções latentes, dificulta o entendimento do período de incubação da doença. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar se o período de incubação da mancha preta do citros. Inoculou-se frutos de laranjeira ‘Valência’ em diferentes estádios fenológicos e também foi determinado a importância das pulverizações de fungicida cúprico, da fase de queda das pétalas e, até sete meses após, no controle da mancha preta dos citros. Os resultados obtidos indicaram uma relação linear negativa entre o período de incubação da MPC e o diâmetro dos frutos inoculados. O período de incubação em frutos inoculados, ainda imaturos (2,0, 2,5 e 3,0 cm de diâmetro), foi longo, sendo de 266 dias nos de menor diâmetro menor, enquanto que em frutos já desenvolvidos (5,0 e 7,0 cm de diâmetro) o período para expressão de sintomas foi mais curto, sendo de cerca de 30 dias. A mancha preta em frutos cítricos apresenta período de incubação variável, dependente do estádio fenológico em que os frutos tornaram-se infectados. A concentração do inóculo de Guignardia citricarpa não interfere no período de incubação da doença. Em relação à incidência da MPC, mesmo com seis pulverizações de cobre a cada 28 dias, 53,3% dos frutos expressaram sintomas da doença. Quanto à severidade, não há diferença de resposta entre os tratamentos. Portanto, os dados mostraram que as infecções precoces interferem na qualidade visual do fruto, porém não na produção. Com o crescimento dos frutos, as infecções interferem negativamente na produção, levando a um aumento na queda de frutos / The citrus (Citrus spp.) black spot, caused by Guignardia citricarpa produces lesions on the fruit that depreciate the domestic market and to restrain them for export. The great period of susceptibility of the fruits in addition to the fact that the pathogen causing latent infection of complicates the understanding of the incubation period of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the incubation period of the citrus black spot is constant or variable, inoculating fruits of 'Valência' orange at the different phenological stages and was also given the importance of copper fungicide sprays, stage of petal drop and up to seven months in the control of citrus black spot The results indicate a negative linear relationship between the incubation period of the CBS and the diameter of the fruits inoculated. The incubation period observed in fruits inoculated still immature (2,0, 2,5 and 3,0 cm diameter) was long, smaller in diameter occurred around 266 days, and fruits already developed (5,0 and 7,0 cm diameter) for the disease expression was shorter in diameter occurred in approximately 30 days. The citrus black spot has a variable incubation period depends on the phenological stages in which fruit is inoculated. The concentration of inoculum of Guignardia citricarpa not interfere with the incubation period of the disease. Regarding the incidence of CBS, even with six copper sprays every 28 days, 53.3% of the fruit expressed disease symptoms. For severity, there is no difference in response between treatments. Therefore, the data showed that early infections influence the visual quality of the fruit, but not in production. With the growth of the fruit, infections can affect negatively the production, leading to an increase in fruit drop

Orientador: Hélio Amante Miot / Resumo: Fundamentos: Alopecia de padrão feminino (APF) é doença crônica frequente, que inflige prejuízo à qualidade de vida e cujos tratamentos levam a melhoras tênues, com difícil percepção clínica a curto prazo. Apesar da prevalência e impacto na qualidade de vida, não há métodos de avaliação objetivos e sensíveis para estimar sua gravidade. Objetivos: Desenvolver um escore dermatoscópico de gravidade da APF. Métodos: Estudo transversal, envolvendo 76 mulheres com APF e 12 controles. Além de dados clínico-demográficos, capturaram-se fotos dermatoscópicas padronizadas de 1 cm2 do couro cabeludo (frontal e occipital) para avaliar os principais achados da APF. As variáveis foram selecionadas por técnicas multivariadas e seus pesos definidos por modelo linear generalizado. Vinte participantes foram retestadas. A validação externa e sensibilidade à mudança (responsividade) foram avaliados a partir das estimativas dos escores de dez pacientes com APF sob uso oral de minoxidil 1mg, por seis meses. Resultado: Entre as portadoras de APF, 8 (11%) apresentavam classificação de Sinclair grau 1, 40 (53%) 2, 19 (25%) 3, 9 (12%) 4 e 5. Foram aferidos 22 achados dermatoscópicos que compuseram 32 variáveis. À exploração multivariada, as variáveis que resultaram contribuição significativa para o escore foram: número de fios terminais, número de fios miniaturizados, sinal peripilar, rede pigmentada, halo branco, ponto amarelo; todos achados oriundos da avaliação frontal. O modelo final apresentou cor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Background: Female pattern alopecia (FPA) is a frequent chronic disease, which causes impaired quality of life and whose treatments lead to discreet improvements, with difficult clinical perception in the short term. Despite the prevalence and impact on quality of life, there are not objective and sensitive assessment methods to estimate its severity. Objective: To develop a dermoscopic severity score of FPA. Methods: A cross-sectional study, involving 76 women with FPA and 12 controls. In addition to clinical-demographic data, standardized 1 cm² dermoscopic photos of the scalp (frontal and occipital) were taken to evaluate the main findings of FPA. The variables were selected by multivariate analysis and their scores defined by generalized linear model. Twenty participants were retested. External validation and evaluation of responsiveness scores were based on the measurement of 10 patients showed improvement using oral minoxidil (1mg/d) for 6 months. Results: Among the participants with FPA, 8 patients (11%) presented the Sinclair classification grade 1, 40 (53%) 2, 19 (25%) 3, 9 (12%) 4 and 5. Twenty-two dermoscopic findings constituted 32 variables. At the multivariate exploration, the variables that were considered significant for the score were: total terminal hairs, total miniaturized hairs, brown peripilar signs, scalp honeycomb pigmentation, white peripilar sign, yellow dots; all findings from the frontal evaluation. The final model presented (rho) of 0.89 with the c... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Os mecanismos de defesa representam uma dimensão importante da estrutura da personalidade e do funcionamento psicodinâmico, sendo uma das formas de medir como o indivíduo habitualmente responde aos estressores. O estudo dos mecanismos de defesa utilizados por pacientes com Transtorno do Pânico (TP) pode ter utilidade no entendimento e no tratamento desse transtorno. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de avaliar os mecanismos de defesa do ego, nos pacientes com TP, e sua associação com gravidade, resposta ao tratamento e alteração pós tratamento. Sessenta pacientes com TP e 31 controles participaram da primeira fase do trabalho. O Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview foi usado para confirmar o diagnóstico de TP e estabelecer o diagnóstico de co-morbidades. A Impressão Clínica Global (CGI) foi usada para avaliar a gravidade do TP e o Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) foi usado para avaliar os mecanismos de defesa. Em uma segunda etapa, 33 pacientes com TP sintomáticos e 33 voluntários normais foram avaliados com os mesmos instrumentos, aplicados no início do estudo e após 16 semanas. Os pacientes receberam durante esse período tratamento farmacológico com sertralina. Ambos os estudos demonstraram que pacientes com TP utilizam mais defesas neuróticas e imaturas comparados ao grupo controle. Os pacientes com pânico grave (CGI>4) apresentaram maior co-morbidade com depressão atual e usaram mais defesas imaturas do que os pacientes com CGI< 4 (média=4.2 vs. 3.5; p<0.001). Após 4 meses de tratamento, houve diminuição no uso de defesas neuróticas (4.6 vs. 4.2; p=0.049) e imaturas (3.6 vs. 3.4 p=0.035) no grupo de pacientes. Pacientes que usavam mais defesas neuróticas e imaturas apresentaram pior resposta ao tratamento. Pacientes com TP usaram mais defesas mal-adaptativas quando comparados ao grupo controle, no basal e após 4 meses. O uso de defesas neuróticas e imaturas está associado à gravidade do TP e à pior resposta ao tratamento. Os mecanismos de defesa são, então, parte de uma maneira estável do indivíduo lidar com conflitos, mas também são influenciados pelo estado agudo da doença. / This study aims at evaluating the defense mechanisms most frequently used by Brazilian patients with panic disorder when compared to a control group as well as at examining the association between severity of disease and co morbidity and the use of specific defense mechanisms. Sixty panic disordered patients and thirty-one controls participated in the study. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to confirm the panic disorder diagnosis and to establish the co morbid diagnosis. The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) was used to assess severity and the Defensive Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) was used to evaluate the defense mechanisms. Panic patients used more neurotic (mean=4.9 vs. 3.6; p<0,001) and immature (mean=3.9 vs. 2.8; p< 0,001) defenses as compared to controls. Panic patients with severe disease (n=37; CGI>4) had more depression co morbidity and used more immature defenses than patients with CGI<4 (n=23; mean=4.2 vs. 3.5; p<0.001). It was concluded that the Panic severity and depression co morbidity found in Brazilian panic disordered patients are associated with the use of maladaptive mechanisms, namely immature defenses.