This thesis is a reassessment of gay male politics in England and Wales during the period between the decriminalisation of homosexual acts in private in 1967 and the HIV epidemic of the early 1980s. It looks beyond the activities of the revolutionary Gay Liberation Front and its offshoots which have dominated previous accounts. Instead it considers a broader range of social and political organisations which developed for gay men in the seventies: including reformist NGOS such as the Campaign for Homosexual Equality, the gay club scene, and publications such as Gay News. Through a detailed consideration of these less formally radical enterprises it argues that the seventies saw the creation of a broadly Habermasian 'public sphere' of gay male life. The gay male public sphere was a set of social spaces, political campaigns, and communications media which were explicitly aligned to a gay male identity and had no direct precedent in previous queer public cultures. However, this was not precisely analogous to gay men 'Coming Out' as the GLF understood the term. Participation in the gay male public did not necessarily involve openly declaring your sexuality to all possible audiences. It was also not necessarily a radical challenge to the state and existing society and, this thesis argues, gay male politics in the seventies was characterised as much by people who wanted to work within existing systems as it was by those who wanted to overturn them. This thesis also considers the limits that were placed on the gay male public sphere, through an account of the operation of the Sexual Offences Act and Mary Whitehouse's prosecution of Gay News for blasphemous Libel. As such it is a contribution to debates about the nature and extent of Britain's postwar 'Permissive Society'.

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In several stages during the 19th century, a so-called regulatory system was introduced to govern the prostitution market in Stockholm. These sets of laws meant, among other things, that prostitution was permitted and that prostituted women were obliged to undergo compulsory gynecological examinations to ensure that they were not carriers of venereal infection. In parallel with the regulatory system, rigorous resistance work was carried out to try to abolish all forms of prostitution. In 1878, the Swedish Federation was formed - an organization that wanted to achieve two things: to abolish public prostitution and to strengthen morals in society. In their magazine Sedlighets-vännen the members of the organization published debate articles, columns and testimonies regarding sexual health, morality and the, in their opinion, unjustified regulatory system. The main goal was to advocate for the abolition of prostitution and to influence the public in regards of prostitution and morality. In this essay, I intend to highlight the role that the “prostitution client”, an often overlooked part, has historically played in the Swedish sexual political field. I do this by performing a discourse analysis of a number of articles published in Sedlighets-vännen. My research implies that several depictions of the male buyer and men overall are found within the material. The main purpose of this essay is to examine how the members of the organization viewed men overall, and the male sex buyers in particular. The role of the buyer has not been properly researched, hence a report of this kind fills in a gap in the history of prostitution.

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Jineterismo, eine neuartige Form der Sexarbeit in Kuba, entstand im Zuge des Zusammenbruchs des Rates für gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe (RGW bzw. Comecon) und dem damit verbundenen aufkommenden Tourismus-Boom auf der Insel. Mädchen und Frauen sind am stärksten in diese neue Form der Prostitution involviert. Um den ihnen verwehrten Zugang zu Waren zu nutzen, boten und bieten viele junge Kubaner_innen Tourist_innen im Austausch sexuelle Dienste an. Inzwischen wird der Begriff jineterismo häufig auch über den sexuellen Bereich hinaus auf alle Tätigkeiten übertragen, die dem jinetero oder der jinetera Devisen einbringen.

本研究針對寫真集現象所披露的身體性別政治作討論，基於現象社會學的立場，認為媒體事實與閱聽人主觀真實乃不可分割，因此從剪報資料與寫真集讀者的訪談交相參照，來分析討論寫真影像本身於身體、性別兩錯綜交媾的層次間，所遂行的性別化身體定義，及其間的性別差異；另外，我們也從訪談資料來了解性別化的寫真集讀者於閱讀過程中，藉由其肉身與寫真身體影像的對話折衝而進行的性別認同和實踐，以及其間所展現的身體性別政治。 研究發現，寫真集藉助影像，實踐了吾人對於兩性身體的性別化想像，也同時反映出兩性在身體展演上所受的規訓權力差異，寫真女體所受的規訓差異，尤其遠多於寫真男體。 在讀者方面，男性讀者一方面於閱讀寫真女體的意淫幻境中證成自身乃為具有男子氣概的身體，另一方面，其身體卻因過度耽溺於閱讀規訓、鏡像的寫真女體意淫幻境，同時又無能面對自身性生理並與自己疏離，而成為肉身空洞化、僅剩陽具與眼睛獨大的主體；女性讀者儘管面臨包括寫真女體在內的整體社會美體風潮和壓力，其反倒可以從與自己身體的緊密關係出發，而能以實際的肉身經驗作為閱讀寫真女體的基礎，成為抵抗反省美體洪流的力量。

x, 276 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The late-Qing tanci "A Pair of Male Phoenixes Flying Together" (Feng shuangfei ; preface dated 1899) is unusual for its depiction of a wide variety of gender issues and sexual relationships. Because the 52-chapter work is credibly attributed to the female poet Cheng Huiying, who is known to have written the poetry collection Beichuang yin 'gao , the tanci gives scholars a unique opportunity to see how a gentry woman thought of the gender roles and sexual politics of the late Qing. My dissertation contains two major sections. Chapters I and II look at Cheng Huiying and her work as part of the `talented women" ( cainü ) culture. These two chapters demonstrate how Cheng Huiying deliberately establishes herself as a unique female writing subject and advocates women's agency in determining their own marriage arrangements. one of women's biggest concerns in premodern China. Chapters III to VI put Feng shuangfei into the larger context of male-authored fiction and examine how it adopts and rewrites the conventions and motifs common to xiaoshuo fiction from a female writer's perspective. I first argue that Feng shuangfei can be considered a serious literary work due to its sophisticated structural design and characterization, although tanci are usually considered as more popular literature. I then evaluate how the female author of this tanci subtly reinvents three gendered motifs that commonly appear in male-authored xiaoshuo fiction. The three motifs are male same-sex eroticism and homosociality, female same-sex desires, and the stereotypes of shrew and ideal wife. Through subtle twists in the plot, the tanci suggests the possibility of the expression of female subjectivity and agency within patriarchal Confucian society even while it follows and supports the normative Confucian order. The perspectives on gender norms and sexual practices offered in this tanci both display how a gentry woman thought about these issues in late imperial China and suggest how the rapid and vast social and ideological changes occurring during the turn of the century opened new spaces for Cheng Huiying to imagine increased agency and autonomy for women within the domestic sphere. / Committee in charge: Maram Epstein, Chairperson, East Asian Languages & Literature; Yugen Wang, Member, East Asian Languages & Literature; Tze-lan Sang, Member, East Asian Languages & Literature; Ina Asim, Outside Member, History

Anna Riwkin fotograferade Elise Ottesen-Jensen i över tre decennier. Uppsatsens syftar till att reda på vad Riwkins fotografier av Ottesen-Jensen visar, hur de använts och hur Ottesen-Jensen tagit form som politisk aktör och subjekt genom dessa fotografier. Genom att undersöka ett material utvalt efter omfattande arkivsök, tidningssök och genomgång av litteratur har en bild av – och berättelse om – Ottesen-Jensen tagit form. Samarbetet med Riwkin har samtidigt synliggjorts och ett dubbelt aktörsskap trätt fram. Berättelsen om Ottesen-Jensen har strukturerats genom ett antal motivtyper som jag benämner talaren, lyssnaren, resenären, pedagogen och ordföranden. Uppsatsen synliggör hur den berättelsen tog form, mottogs i sin samtid, reproduceras och förändras idag. / Anna Riwkin photographed Elise Ottesen-Jensen over three consecutive decades. The aim of the thesis is to examine what Riwkin’s photographs of Ottesen-Jensen portray, how they have been used, and how Ottesen-Jensen is visually produced as a political subject through the same photographs. By examining a material selected through extensive research in personal-, magazine- and newspaper archives, exhibition catalogues and research, an image of – and story about – Ottesen-Jensen has taken shape. In the process, a collaboration and joint agency with Riwkin have materialized. The story about Ottesen-Jensen is presented through the suggested concepts of the talker, the listener, the traveler, the teacher, and the president. The thesis makes visible how that story was shaped and received, as well as how it is reproduced and evolving today.

Jineterismo, eine neuartige Form der Sexarbeit in Kuba, entstand im Zuge des Zusammenbruchs des Rates für gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe (RGW bzw. Comecon) und dem damit verbundenen aufkommenden Tourismus-Boom auf der Insel. Mädchen und Frauen sind am stärksten in diese neue Form der Prostitution involviert. Um den ihnen verwehrten Zugang zu Waren zu nutzen, boten und bieten viele junge Kubaner_innen Tourist_innen im Austausch sexuelle Dienste an. Inzwischen wird der Begriff jineterismo häufig auch über den sexuellen Bereich hinaus auf alle Tätigkeiten übertragen, die dem jinetero oder der jinetera Devisen einbringen.

Etymologisch leitet sich der Begriff Pornographie aus dem Griechischen von 'pornográphos' (πορνογράφος), 'über Huren schreibend', ab. Der heutige Gebrauch des Begriffs ist vielfältig. Inhaltlich-funktionalen Definitionen zufolge liegt Pornographie dann vor, wenn nackte Körper bei sexuellen Handlungen direkt und detailliert zu sehen sind. Pornografie ist Austragungsort gesellschaftlicher Debatten über die Legitimität der öffentlichen Thematisierung von Sexualität, über Gewalt (gegen Frauen) und über Geschlechterbilder. Seit den 1990er Jahren setzte verstärkt die Akademisierung des Themas ein.