Bakgrund Bakgrunden till arbetet grundar sig i att ledarskap är ett komplext ämne som kan definieras på flera olika sätt. I det här arbetet bryter vi ner definitionen av ledarskap och utgår från tre ledarskapsstilar. Ledarskap är ett relevant och viktigt fenomen att studera då det återfinns överallt i samhället och kan skapa en känsla av sammanhang. Det finns också risker med ledarskap som kan leda till minskad arbetstillfredsställelse, fel beslut eller att organisationen tappar konkurrensfördelar. Syfte I denna studie undersöks ledarskapet genom tre-dimensionsmodellen som omfattas av relationsorienterat, uppgiftsorienterat samt förändrings- och utvecklingsorienterat ledarskap. Syftet med studien är att undersöka samt analysera ledarskapet genom både tre-dimensionsmodellen och en 360 graders utvärdering för att därigenom belysa aspekter av ledarskapet samt skapa förutsättningar till utveckling inom ledarskapet. Detta genom attkombinera tre-dimensionsmodellen med en 360 graders utvärdering som innebär att den aktuella ledaren får återkoppling både horisontellt och vertikalt. Metod Arbetet bygger på kvalitativ metod i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Det genomfördes totalt nio intervjuer. De nio intervjupersoner som deltog i studien var den aktuella ledare, ledarens chef, två kollegor och fem medarbetare. Slutsats Studien undersöker en ledare inom en organisation i syfte att belysa delar som appliceras inom ledarskapet. Men även för att fånga upp och lyfta fram utvecklingsmöjligheter för organisationen och den aktuella ledaren. Studien kan användas som vägledning för att öka kompetensen kring ledarskap. Studien visar att en 360 graders utvärdering kan skapa förutsättningar för utveckling inom ledarskapet. Genom en 360 graders utvärdering etablerasen bild av ledaren från flera perspektiv vilket bidar till att skapa en bild och lägga ett pussel som visar ledarens egenskaper utifrån fler perspektiv i syfte att lyfta fram utvecklingsmöjligheter hos den aktuella ledaren. / Background Leadership is a complex subject that requires several definitions. In this study, we will break down the definition of leadership into three different styles. The subject of leadership is a relevant and important topic to study due to its prevalence in society, and its ability to create a context. There are also risks surrounding the leadership role which may lead to a decreased satisfaction at work, making wrong decisions, or loosing competitive advantages. Purpose In this study, the subject of leadership is examined through the three-dimensional model, which consists of relationship-oriented, task-oriented, and change- and development-oriented leadership. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze leadership through the three-dimensional model and a 360-degree appraisal feedback process and highlight the leadership aspect, in order to create conditions for leadership development. By combining the two methods, the leader will receive feedback both horizontally and vertically. Method This study is based on a qualitative method in the shape of semi-structured interviews. A total of nine interviews were conducted. The people who were interviewed were: a leader, the boss of a leader, two colleagues of a leader as well as five employees of a leader.  Conclusion This study examines the role of a leader within an organization with the aim of highlighting leadership applications and to highlight opportunities for development, both for the organization and the leader. This study can be used as a guide in order to increase knowledge around the subject of leadership. The study shows that the application of a 360-degree appraisal feedback process can create conditions for development within leadership. By using this survey, we will look at the role of the leader from several perspectives in order to highlight development opportunities within the leadership.

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Syfte: Ledarskap är en viktig del i att skapa motivation hos idrottande individer. Med bakgrund mot den dramatiska nedgången av idrottare mellan 18-30 år inom den organiserade idrotten har studien haft som syfte att ta reda på vilken typ av ledarskap som motiverar dessa individer. Studiens förhoppning är att en större förståelse för denna fråga kan leda till att fler individer i den studerade målgruppen stannar inom idrotten vilket i förlängningen kan generera positiva resultat på folkhälsan.  Metod: Genom användningen av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod, har det i denna studie genomförts semistrukturerade intervjuer med en hjälp av konstruerad intervjuguide som bygger på det teoretiska ramverk studien förhåller sig till. Det genomfördes 10 olika intervjuer med respondenter som faller inom den population som studien ämnar att undersöka.   Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar på att ett mer individanpassat ledarskap skapar mer motivation inom den studerade kontexten. Genom att individanpassa och involvera idrottarna i större grad visar fynden i studien på en större motivation till fortsatt idrottande. I studien kunde en skillnad urskiljas mellan den individuella- och lagidrotten där graden av individanpassning generellt var bättre inom den individuella idrotten.   Examensarbetets bidrag: Denna studie bidrar med kunskap kring hur ledare kan anpassa sin ledarskapsstil i syfte att skapa motivation hos följarna, i detta fall inom en idrottskontext. Studien presenterar även förslag på vilka åtgärder som skulle kunna fungera och bidra till ett större kvarhållande av idrottare. Studien har även kunnat kontextualisera omfattande ledarskapsteorier inom det studerade ämnet. Det genererar en möjlighet till att besvara forskningsfrågan, men även utgöra en grund för framtida forskning inom ämnet.   Förslag på vidare forskning: Studiens frågeställning kan enligt oss besvaras med användningen av olika typer av forskningsmetoder. En kvantitativ forskningsmetod eller liknande kan generera en högre grad av generaliserbarhet i förhållande till populationen. Motivation samt ledarskap och dess implikationer på kvarhållandet av idrottare överlag är även en forskningsbar aspekt som bör beaktas. Det kan vara fördelaktigt att studera olika former av populationer inom samhällets ramar, för att bidra till en bredare förståelse inom ämnet. / Aim: Leadership is an important part of creating motivation amongst athletes. Against the background of the dramatic decline in athletes between the ages of 18-30 in organized sports, the study aims to find out what type of leadership that motivates these individuals. The study aspire to provide with a greater understanding of this issue which in the long run can lead to more individuals, in the studied target group, staying in sports and also generate positive results on public health.  Method: The study uses a qualitative research method in the form of semi-structured interviews. The interviews have been conducted with the help of a constructed interview guide based on the theoretical framework the study relates to. 10 different interviews were realized with respondents who are within the population in which the study intends to examine.    Results and conclusions: The results of the study showed that more individualized leadership creates more motivation within the studied context. By adapting to the individual and involving the athletes to a greater extent, the findings in the study showed a greater motivation for continued sports. In the study, a difference could be distinguished between the individual and team sports where the level of individual adaptation generally was better in the individual sport.  Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes with knowledge about leaders and how they can adapt their leadership style in order to create motivation within the followers, in this case within a sports context. The study also presents suggestions on what measures could work and contribute to greater retention of athletes. The study has also been able to contextualize extensive leadership theories within the studied subject. This generates an opportunity to answer the question in the study, but also form a basis for future research.   Suggestions for further research:We believe that different types of research methods can be applied to conduct this study.  A quantitative research method or similar can generate a greater degree of generalizability in relation to the population. Motivation and leadership and their implications for the retention of athletes in general is also a researchable aspect that should be considered. It can be beneficial to study different forms of populations within the framework of society, in order to generate a broader understanding of the subject.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka och skapa förståelse kring processerna för hur ledare lär sig vara ledare. Studien har som ambition att undersöka vad ledarna har lärt sig och hur dessa lärprocesser skett i ledarnas vardag. Nio stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med etablerade ledare inom olika branscher. En tematisk analys skildrade hur erfarenheter genom handlande i vardagen tillsammans med reflektion var de främsta processerna som ansetts avgörande för hur ledarna lärt sig vara ledare. Dessutom har villkor som viljan att leda och viljan att lära haft en central roll. Resultatet visade att förmågor som studien tolkar som mer mjuka värden har utvecklats över tid hos ledarna. Ledarna indikerar att personlig mognad, erfarenhet, reflektion och en vilja att lära varit bidragande till deras lärande och utveckling. / The purpose of the study is to investigate and create an understanding of the processes by which leaders learn to be leaders. The study also aims to examine what the leaders have learned and how these learning processes have occurred in the leaders' everyday lives. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with established leaders in various industries. A thematic analysis depicted how experiences through actions in everyday life together with reflection were the main processes considered decisive for how the leaders learned to be leaders. In addition, conditions such as the will to lead and the will to learn have played a central role. The result showed that abilities that the study interprets as softer values have developed over time in the leaders. The leaders indicate that personal maturity, experience, reflection and a willingness to learn contributed to their learning and development.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur chefens ledarstil bör anpassas beroende på medarbetarnas mognadsnivå när valfritt distansarbete råder. För att uppfylla syftet besvaras fyra forskningsfrågor. De två första kopplas till hur tidigare erfarenheter av distansarbete påverkar individens anpassning till valfritt distansarbete, samt hur kommunikationen påverkas av distansarbete. De två sista berör hur medarbetares mognadsnivå och självledarskap påverkar deras tillhörighet som “in-group” eller “out-group”, samt vilken roll chefens ledarstil har för att främja kompetens och engagemang hos medarbetare. En kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semistrukturerade intervjuer användes, och två organisationer deltog i studien. Resultaten indikerar att tidigare erfarenhet av distansarbete påverkar hur organisationer upplever övergången till valfritt distansarbete, där teknisk kompetens och en neutral inställning spelar en central roll. Det framgår även att det valfria distansarbetet påverkar hur individer kommunicerar, oaktat tidigare erfarenheter. Digital kommunikation möjliggör ökad närvaro och snabbare interaktion, samtidigt som kommunikationen i stort anses bli svårare. Studien konstaterar att valfritt distansarbete medför en ökad självständighet med potential för ökat självledarskap för medarbetare på olika mognadsnivåer, vilket tillåter dem att klassificeras som “in-group” eller “out-group”. Högre förtroende och tillit krävs då chefer har svårare att observera medarbetarna. Slutligen redogör studien för vikten av att rätt ledarstil tillämpas när valfritt distansarbete råder, för att främja medarbetarnas kompetens och engagemang. Studien leder till en omarbetning av modellen för situationsanpassat ledarskap vid valfritt distansarbete för att bättre möta medarbetarnas skiftande behov. Genom att adressera existerande kunskapsluckor erbjuder studien vägledning för organisationer och chefer i en valfri distansarbetsmiljö för att bättre möta medarbetarnas förändrade behov. / The purpose of the study is to investigate how a manager's leadership style should be adapted based on employees' maturity levels when optional remote work is in place.  To achieve this purpose, four research questions are addressed. The first two questions explore how previous remote work experience affects an individual's adjustment to optional remote work and how communication is impacted by remote work. The latter two questions investigate how employees' maturity levels and self-leadership influence their classification as “in-group” or “out-group,” and what role the manager's leadership style plays in fostering employee competence and engagement. A qualitative research method with semi-structured interviews was employed, involving two participating organizations. The results indicate that previous experience with remote work affects how organizations perceive the transition to optional remote work, where technical competence and a neutral attitude play a central role. It also emerges that optional remote work affects how individuals communicate, regardless of previous experiences. Digital communication enables increased presence and faster interaction, while overall communication is considered to become more challenging. Furthermore, the study finds that optional remote work promotes increased independence and the potential for enhanced self-leadership among employees at different maturity levels, allowing them to be classified as “in-group” or “out-group.” Higher trust and confidence are required since managers find it more difficult to observe employees. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of applying the appropriate leadership style in an optional remote work environment to foster employee competence and engagement. The study leads to a revision of the model for situational leadership in an optional remote work context to better address employees' evolving needs. By addressing existing knowledge gaps, the study offers guidance for organizations and managers in an optional remote work environment to better meet employees' changing needs.

This study sought to analyse the influence of principal leadership on the performance of selected schools in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The problems addressed in the research were what leadership and leadership styles in the school context entail, concept of school performance, attributes of leadership as perceived by principals and how these attributes impact on school performance and establish whether school performance is dependent upon principal leadership and his/her leadership style. It was a qualitative study. Stakeholders of the schools were interviewed and observations were made. The relationship between leadership and leadership style, in general, and school performance were investigated. The research established that unless principals were well equipped with knowledge and skills in management and leadership, they would not be able to improve school performance. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

<p>Coaching har blivit mycket av ett slagord inom företagsvärlden och olika konsultfirmor. Men vad innebär det konkret för individer och organisationer? Denna studie kommer att behandla coaching utförd av en ledare. Därav kommer både ett öppet och modernt ledarskap som coaching kräver behandlas, samt huvudämnet coaching.</p><p>Bakgrunden till studien är främst att allt för många ledare idag fortfarande rekryteras med auktoritär ledarskapsstil som inte prioriterar utveckling av de anställda, samt att coaching som definition ibland misstolkas. Så syftet är att behandla dessa frågor och diskutera kring frågeställningarna: <em>Vad är coaching? Vilken betydelse har coaching?</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p>Metoden som tillämpas i denna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie med fyra representanter från Brynäs IF hockey A-lag, tränaren Niklas Czarnecki, assisterande tränare Tommy Jonsson, spelarna Ove Molin och Emil Sandin presenterar deras verklighet omkring ledarskap och coaching.</p> / <p> </p><p>Coaching has become much of a catchphrase in the business world and various consulting firms. But what does it mean specifically for individuals and organizations? This study deals with coaching conducted by a leader. Therefore the study will examine both an open and modern leadership as coaching require, and the main subject coaching.</p><p>The background to the study is based on that too many leaders today recruits authoritarian leadership style that does not see the potential of their employees and the definition of coaching is sometimes misinterpreted. So the aim is to address these issues and discuss the questions: <em>What is coaching?</em> And <em>What is the importance of coaching?</em></p><p>The method applied in this study is a qualitative method with four representatives from Brynäs IF hockey A-team, which trainer Niklas Czarnecki, assistant trainer Tommy Jonsson and players Ove Molin and Emil Sandin present the reality about leadership and coaching.</p><p> </p>

Coaching har blivit mycket av ett slagord inom företagsvärlden och olika konsultfirmor. Men vad innebär det konkret för individer och organisationer? Denna studie kommer att behandla coaching utförd av en ledare. Därav kommer både ett öppet och modernt ledarskap som coaching kräver behandlas, samt huvudämnet coaching. Bakgrunden till studien är främst att allt för många ledare idag fortfarande rekryteras med auktoritär ledarskapsstil som inte prioriterar utveckling av de anställda, samt att coaching som definition ibland misstolkas. Så syftet är att behandla dessa frågor och diskutera kring frågeställningarna: Vad är coaching? Vilken betydelse har coaching?   Metoden som tillämpas i denna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie med fyra representanter från Brynäs IF hockey A-lag, tränaren Niklas Czarnecki, assisterande tränare Tommy Jonsson, spelarna Ove Molin och Emil Sandin presenterar deras verklighet omkring ledarskap och coaching. / Coaching has become much of a catchphrase in the business world and various consulting firms. But what does it mean specifically for individuals and organizations? This study deals with coaching conducted by a leader. Therefore the study will examine both an open and modern leadership as coaching require, and the main subject coaching. The background to the study is based on that too many leaders today recruits authoritarian leadership style that does not see the potential of their employees and the definition of coaching is sometimes misinterpreted. So the aim is to address these issues and discuss the questions: What is coaching? And What is the importance of coaching? The method applied in this study is a qualitative method with four representatives from Brynäs IF hockey A-team, which trainer Niklas Czarnecki, assistant trainer Tommy Jonsson and players Ove Molin and Emil Sandin present the reality about leadership and coaching.

This study sought to analyse the influence of principal leadership on the performance of selected schools in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The problems addressed in the research were what leadership and leadership styles in the school context entail, concept of school performance, attributes of leadership as perceived by principals and how these attributes impact on school performance and establish whether school performance is dependent upon principal leadership and his/her leadership style. It was a qualitative study. Stakeholders of the schools were interviewed and observations were made. The relationship between leadership and leadership style, in general, and school performance were investigated. The research established that unless principals were well equipped with knowledge and skills in management and leadership, they would not be able to improve school performance. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

This study is a collective case study grounded in the literature regarding leadership styles and leadership theories. It includes among others, an analysis of data from interviews of college Principals and middle Managers to identify the leadership styles at the three colleges of education. The purpose of the study was to analyse the leadership styles of college Principals and middle Managers operating in dual-mode environments. The colleges that were being studied are the Copperbelt College of Education; Mufulira College of Education and Malcom Moffat College of Education. There were sixteen (16) participants in this study drawn from three colleges. The researcher collected data using semi-structured individual and focused group interviews. In addition, policy documents such as ‗Open and Distance Learning Policy (draft) and National Policy on Education were analysed. The researcher employed qualitative methods in the collection and analysis of data. Triangulation was used in order to verify the information given during this study. The evidence from the literature review indicates that there is no single leadership style that may provide answers to all situations in institutions of higher education; rather, a blend of the leadership styles would be beneficial to college Principals. The research further revealed that, managing dual-mode colleges of education entails that Principals require tailor-made programmes in management and leadership of dual-mode institutions for them to improve quality of their products and enhance tenets of transparency, democracy and good governance in colleges of education in Zambia. They also must be excellent communicators and ensure understanding by students, employees, peers, and the many stakeholders involved in dual-mode colleges of education. The study was important as it hoped to shed some light on how to improve quality of leadership in dual-mode colleges of education in Zambia. The study will contribute scientific knowledge to all categories of Higher Education (HE) institutions especially colleges of education, be they face-to-face or distance mode, that are contemplating a move into dual-mode delivery. Finally, Information garnered from this study is expected to allow Principals and other middle Managers and administrators to evaluate their leadership styles in comparison to the effective styles revealed by this study. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)