Master's thesis "Personality of the successful manager" deals with finding the characteristics of successful manager. And this from the perspective of Czech managers and also from the perspective of managers of firms from other countries. The work also describes the interesting problems with which managers encounter in practice, because shared experiences are valuable for the further development of managerial skills. Finally, add additional suggestions for management development.

Orientador: Messias Borges Silva / Resumo: O mundo está mudando rapidamente e a maneira como as relações humanas acontecem também estão se alterando como nunca visto. O advento da indústria 4.0 com seus pilares de sustentação mostram que viver nas próximas décadas será completamente disruptivo ao que existe hoje, desde carros movidos a energias renováveis e não poluentes até à transformação da indústria pela demanda em tempo real, desde a necessidade do usuário até a extração da matéria-prima na natureza, reciclado ou não, em um sistema fechado ou aberto. Adaptar-se ao novo e aprender a aprender são as palavras de ordem devido à necessidade de adaptação do indivíduo face às novas profissões que surgem a cada dia e totalmente inovadoras. A proposta desta dissertação é a aplicação da metodologia ativa Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos com ciclos de pesquisa-ação aplicados em onze salas dos cursos de engenharia mecânica, elétrica e civil durante cinco anos em uma instituição de ensino superior particular paulista. O trabalho remeteu a adaptar e aplicar o modelo ativo em sala de aula, diferente do tradicional, e buscando desenvolver competências e habilidades necessárias à preparação do aluno de engenharia para a nova realidade do mercado de trabalho, que ano após ano tem exigido das instituições uma abordagem para que torne seus egressos mais bem preparados. Neste contexto, o projeto remete ainda a como planejar toda uma disciplina sustentada pela aprendizagem baseada em projetos, como organizar a formação integral do alu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The world is changing rapidly and the way human relationships take place is also changing like never before. The advent of industry 4.0 with its supporting pillars shows that living in the coming decades will be completely disruptive to what exists today, from cars powered by renewable and non-polluting energies to the industry transformation by real-time demand, from user needs to the extraction of raw material in nature, recycled or not, in a closed or open system. Adapting new and learning to learn are watchwords due to the individual's need adapting to new professions appear every day and totally innovative. The purpose of this dissertation is implement active methodology Project Based Learning with action research cycles applied in eleven rooms of mechanical, electrical and construction engineering courses during five years at a private higher education institution in São Paulo state. The work led adapting and applying active model in the classroom, different from traditional one, and seeking for develop competencies and skills necessary to prepare engineering students for new labor market reality, which year after year has required institutions to approach making your graduates better prepared. Also, in this context the project refers how to plan an entire discipline supported by project-based learning, how to organize the student's comprehensive training and how to systematize formative assessment process. The use of active methodologies as tools for this purpose exerc... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

DAdmin / Department of Public and Development Administration / The focus of this study is on skills development at the management level of local government. Quality service delivery can only be attained when there are properly trained and skilled officials. Officials who have relevant knowledge and skills on what they are employed to do, are treasurable assets to their employers. The South African public and Vhembe District Municipality`s residence in particular expect the delivery of services that are of acceptable standard. It is therefore, imperative to have properly trained workers at this sphere of government. The study therefore, investigates whether middle and senior level officials (managers) are properly skilled to be able to provide required services to communities. The study uses a mixed research method, i.e. both the qualitative and quantitative research methods. Senior level managers were taken through an interview process to try and gather data that will help to determine any challenge and even where the Municipality is managing well in providing services by virtue of it having qualified competent personnel. This process will help to identify gaps if any and thereafter suggest ways to close/overcome them. This will be done by asking these officials open-ended questions wherein they could give the researcher more information on the topic. Middle level managers were requested to complete a questionnaire with close-ended questions. This helps in bringing statistical data that focuses on relevant issues about the topic. The main findings of the study are therefore the following: ➢ Senior officials possess some skills, especially with regards to leadership although specific areas of functioning were not indicated. Besides this, a number of problem areas were highlighted ranging from planning; organising; v communication; interpersonal relations; financial management; strategic management; and labour relations. This could be instigated by the fact that available skills are misdirected through the misplacement of officials with regards to the actual skills they have and positions they are placed on. ➢ Although not everyone is the Municipality is consulted on an individual basis when the analysis of training needs is undertaken and when designing training programmes, a reasonable number of officials are however involved. In doing this, the Municipality partners with SALGA and the LGSETA. All officials are thereafter given an opportunity to attend trainings as per the identified skills gaps, however, a number of officials, especially elderly people are reluctant to attend such trainings because they know they are close to retirement and to them is like being punished as they won`t be using such skills for long. ➢ Poor skills impact negatively on the Municipality`s efforts to provide acceptable services as it hampers the delivery of quality goods and services. This is further exacerbated by the exodus of officials with scarce skills who are difficult to retain due to their demand by institutions. The deployment of cadres without the requisite skills for the jobs, costs the Municipality dearly as they fail to execute what they are employed for due to lack of knowledge. Furthermore, the approach of outsourcing the provision of goods and services does not always benefit the Municipality and communities as private companies try to minimise costs in order to attain profit and in that process, end up providing poor quality goods and services. ➢ Accountability is well maintained at the lower level positions in the Municipality as work is regularly monitored by supervisors, however, the challenge is with senior level officials who should account for the institution holistically. This is necessitated by the fact that senior level positions are mostly occupied by deployed cadres which makes it difficult to pin point accountability because such people turn to get directives from deployers and they also report to them, to the demise of the internal system. vi The following recommendations are therefore made based on the findings of the study: ➢ As the Municipality conducts a training needs analysis every-time before designing training programmes for officials, in ascertaining the real skills gaps, the Municipality should continue to conduct such skills audit exercises that will also lead to proper placement of officials in positions they qualify for and after determining genuine skills gaps institute relevant and effective intervention strategies and mechanisms that could help improve officials` knowledge and skills. ➢ Attending training by officials should be mandatory when a skills gap has been identified and in applying this, appointment letters and performance contract agreements for those already in the employment of the Municipality should have a clause about mandatory training, where and when deemed necessary. ➢ The Municipality should consider sending officials to reputable service providers on issues that are problematic to officials, for example, planning; communication; financial management; strategic management; and labour relations and this should be done twice a year. ➢ In line with the proposed skills training model on figure 2.4, the Municipality should expect trainees to be assessed after a training to determine their level of competence and good performance be rewarded. ➢ The merit principle be followed, in appointing and promoting employees even with deployed cadres, to avoid placing people on positions they do not qualify for. ➢ The EPWP that is run by the Municipality in partnership with the Department of Public Works be extended to train professionals and people who deserve be put on beneficial programmes that will give them skills that are required to develop the Municipality instead of confining them to the task of de-bushing grass and trees along roads. vii ➢ Managers continue to give their subordinates a chance to act on their behalf during their absence from work to help in equipping juniors to be ready for more challenging responsibilities in future. ➢ The Municipality should appoint credible service providers when outsourcing services. ➢ The Municipality should make sure that the procurement section functions properly. ➢ Retention of officials with scarce skills be a priority. ➢ The Municipality should always implement audit recommendations to improve its governance. ➢ The Municipality should warn officials, especially politicians (councilors), not to promise communities goods and services that might be difficult to honour and be realistic based on affordability. ➢ The Municipality should establish reliable control and monitoring measures and systems in place in order to enforce accountability. ➢ Officials to sign a code of conduct expecting them to be loyal to the Municipality and not to outside people. ➢ The Municipality should develop a proper performance management system with clear key performance areas to make officials committed to their work. ➢ / NRF

Der Beruf der Staatlich anerkannten Erzieherin/des Staatlich anerkannten Erziehers hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten stark an gesellschaftlicher und bildungspolitischer Bedeutung gewonnen. Die angehenden ErzieherInnen sollen dementsprechend innerhalb der dreijährigen fachschulischen Ausbildung das Maximum an Kompetenzen aus verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen erwerben und im Berufsleben an wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen und Methoden ausgerichtet selbstständig handeln. Aktuelle Studien zeigen jedoch, dass die ErzieherInnen im Anschluss an die Ausbildung trotz umfangreicher ausbildungscurricularer Reformierungen und vielzähligen Qualitätsinitiativen seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre diesen Anforderungen zumeist nicht gerecht werden. Die Dissertation fokussiert die fachschulische Ausbildung und beleuchtet anhand von zwei Untersuchungen die Ausbildungssituation im Freistaat Sachsen. Dabei wird die mangelnde Kompetenzausrichtung von Lehre, Diagnostik und ministeriellen Vorgaben als Hauptursache identifiziert. Unter der Zielstellung ein Hilfsmittel für Dozenten als Lösungsansatz zu entwickeln, um die Lehre und Diagnostik kompetenzorientierter gestaltbar zu machen, wird ein innovatives umfassendes Kompetenzmodell entwickelt. Dieses Modell beschreibt berufsaufgabenbezogen präzise die erforderlichen Kompetenzen von ErzieherInnen in ihren Inhalts- und Verhaltensaspekten. Im Rahmen zweier empirischer Untersuchungen zeigt sich die Validität und Nützlichkeit des Kompetenzmodells der Erzieherausbildung.:1 Einleitung .....1 2 Kritische Betrachtung der Erzieherausbildung im Freistaat Sachsen unter Bezugnahme auf den aktuellen Forschungsstand .....6 2.1 Professionalität von Staatlich anerkannten Erziehern zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit: Skizzierung der grundlegenden Anforderungen an die fachschulische Ausbildung .....6 2.2 Betrachtung der fachschulischen Rahmenbedingungen .....9 2.2.1 Kultusministerielle Vorgaben auf Landes- und Bundesebene .....9 2.2.1.1 Ausgewählte Inhalte der Fachschulordnung .....9 2.2.1.2 Inhaltliche Ausbildungsvorgaben .....14 2.2.2 Die Ausbildungssituation an sächsischen Fachschulen im Schuljahr 2011/2012 .....22 2.2.2.1 Schulleiterbefragung an sächsischen Fachschulen für Sozialwesen, Fachrichtung Sozialpädagogik .....22 2.2.2.2 Explorative Studie zur Kompetenzerfassung in fachschulischen Leistungsmessungen .....27 2.3 Fragestellungen der Dissertation .....44 3 Kompetenzmodelle als Ausgangspunkt für Prozesse der Kompetenzentwicklung und Kompetenzdiagnostik in der Ausbildung .....47 3.1 Konzeptuelle und begriffliche Grundlagen .....48 3.1.1 Zum Begriff „Kompetenz“ .....48 3.1.2 Berufliche Handlungskompetenz als spezifisches Kompetenzkonstrukt .....54 3.2 Constructive Alignment und Kompetenzmodelle .....58 3.2.1 Constructive Alignment zur Kompetenzausrichtung von Lehre und Diagnostik .....58 3.2.2 Kompetenzmodelle im Überblick .....60 3.2.2.1 Strukturmodelle .....63 3.2.2.1.1 Kompetenzdimensionen als Strukturierungsbasis .....63 3.2.2.1.2 Die Nutzung von Matrizen und Taxonomien zur Ausdifferenzierung der Dimensionen .....67 3.2.2.2 Entwicklungsmodelle .....71 3.2.2.3 Niveaumodelle .....74 3.2.3 Ausgewählte Strategien und Methoden zur Entwicklung von Kompetenzmodellen .....77 3.3 Zusammenfassung .....81 4 Entwicklung eines Kompetenzmodells für die Erzieherausbildung .....83 4.1 Explorative Untersuchung zur Bestimmung der Learning Outcomes der Erzieherausbildung .....84 4.1.1 Untersuchungsdesign .....84 4.1.2 Darstellung der Untersuchungsergebnisse .....92 4.1.3 Kritische Diskussion der Ergebnisse .....98 4.2 Aufbau und Beschreibung des Kompetenzmodells unter Beachtung einer aufgabenorientierten Systematik .....100 4.2.1 Anordnung der Berufsaufgaben und ihrer Teilaufgaben im Modell unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Kompetenzentwicklung innerhalb der Ausbildung .....101 4.2.2 Zuordnung der Inhalts- und Verhaltensaspekte zu den Berufsaufgaben und ihren Teilaufgaben .....120 4.2.3 Anwendung des AOLK-Formats zur Beschreibung der Kompetenzen .....122 4.3 Das Kompetenzmodell der Erzieherausbildung .....136 4.3.1 Aufgabenkomplex Betreuung .....136 4.3.2 Aufgabenkomplex Begleitung von Bildungs- und Entwicklungsprozessen .....149 4.3.3 Aufgabenkomplex Erziehung .....157 4.4 Zusammenfassung .....160 5 Validierung des entwickelten Kompetenzmodells .....161 5.1 Theoretische Grundlagen zur Ermittlung der Güte von Kompetenzmodellen .....161 5.2 Expertenbefragung zur Erfassung der Inhaltsvalidität und Nützlichkeit des erarbeiteten Kompetenzmodells .....164 5.2.1 Untersuchungsdesign der Online-Validierung .....165 5.2.2 Darstellung der Befragungsergebnisse .....173 5.2.2.1 Rücklaufqote .....173 5.2.2.2 Verteilungsanalysen .....173 5.2.2.2.1 Häufigkeitsverteilungen der Ratings zu den inhaltsbezogenen Aufgabenmengen .....175 5.2.2.2.2 Häufigkeitsverteilungen der Ratings zu den verhaltensbezogenen Aufgabenmengen .....180 5.2.2.2.3 Häufigkeitsverteilungen der Ratings zur Gesamtbewertung des Modellausschnitts .....186 5.2.2.2.4 Häufigkeitsverteilungen der Ratings zum Modellnutzen .....187 5.2.2.3 Mittelwertanalysen .....188 5.2.2.4 Zusammenhangsanalysen und Korrelationen .....189 5.2.3 Zusammenfassende Interpretation der Ergebnisse .....193 5.3 Ermittlung der Konstruktvalidität des Kompetenzmodells mit Hilfe des Lehrbuchs „Erzieherinnen + Erzieher“ .....195 5.3.1 Aufbau und methodisches Vorgehen der Inhaltsanalyse .....197 5.3.2 Darstellung der Untersuchungsergebnisse .....202 5.3.3 Interpretation des Analyseergebnisses .....203 5.4 Zusammenfassende Aussagen zur Validität des entwickelten Kompetenzmodells .....204 5.5 Überlegungen zu einer ganzheitlichen Evaluierung des Kompetenzmodells .....206 6 Die Bedeutung des Kompetenzmodells für die Weiterentwicklung der Ausbildungsqualität im Freistaat Sachsen .....208 6.1 Der Beitrag des Modells zur kompetenzorientierten und systematischen Lehre .....208 6.2 Das Kompetenzmodell als Basis einer handlungsorientierten und praxisnahen Kompetenzdiagnostik im Unterricht .....211 6.3 Die Schaffung vertikaler Durchlässigkeit der fachschulischen Erzieherausbildung zu hochschulischen Ausbildungsgängen .....215 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick .....217 8 Literaturverzeichnis .....219 9 Tabellenverzeichnis .....235 10 Abbildungsverzeichnis .....239 11 Danksagung .....240 12 Selbstständigkeitserklärung .....241 13 Anhangsverzeichnis .....242

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The study focusses on the transport sector, where company participation level is measured at approximately 20% of levy paying enterprises, and this level is mostly based on relatively high levels of participation from large and medium sized companies. The study explores the relationship between SETAs (sector education training authorities) and the companies within the sectors they are mandated to serve by researching the TETA maritime sub sector. The research focus is on small companies and the focus is specifically on the low rate of participation of smaller entities in the skills development landscape. The consequences of the lack of participation are investigated and the study concludes that the SETAs ability to effectively research its sector skills, as well as the SETAs ability to provide effective skills planning in support of the national agenda, are both negatively affected by current levels of poor participation. The research was conducted on small fishing companies registered with the Transport Education and Training Authority (TETA), in order to determine the reasons for low participation in the government mandatory grant scheme. The research is survey based across participating small companies and non-participating small companies.

Aim. In close cooperation with an international automotive supplier we developed the “C2” business simulation game in order to meet real work practice needs. Based on the example of a site-location decision and the setup of a new factory in China, the participants of the game experienced the challenges of an interdisciplinary project team as well as project management in complex and rapidly changing situations. During the game we used the creative learning method LEGO® Serious Play®,1 which helps to express different understandings through hands-on modelling. The aim of the game is to acquire and improve both technical project management knowledge and soft skills of the participants. Method. In total, 47 students participated in one of six two-day game sessions. They reported self-perceptions about their skill level through pre- and postgame questionnaires. Further data were collected during the simulation game based on observations, lessons learned reflections of the participants and evaluation questionnaires. Results. Results from our pre- and post-game self-assessment questionnaires show that the “C2” business simulation game improves not only conceptual knowledge about project management but also team working and the participants’ other soft skills. Results indicate that the students’ reactions to the simulation game were positive, and students felt that the LEGO Serious Play method helped them to better cope with challenges of teamwork, influences of stakeholders, risk factors and unpredictable project situations. Conclusion. These results suggest that our business simulation game has the potential to be an effective learning and training tool to provide students with relevant skills necessary for project managers. By giving students the opportunity to act in an authentic scenario based on a real project case, we can support their action-oriented as well as their trial-and-error learning, or in short their learning through experience.

Thesis (M. Dev. (Planning and Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) was introduced in South Africa in 1999. Despite two decades of implementation—and some notable successes—the NSFAS has been critiqued for its overall “effectiveness” (McKay, Naidoo & Simpson 2018:25-27). This study investigated the effectiveness of NSFAS from the perspective of skills development among students at the University of Limpopo (UL). The study used a qualitative research design which purposively selected participants using a semi-structured interview instrument. The purposive sampling included nine NSFAS beneficiaries from the Faculties of Management and Law and Science and Agriculture and six NSFAS administrators working at UL. The study applied thematic analysis to analyse the collected data. The analysis enabled insights into the effectiveness of NSFAS on skills development among a limited sample at UL to be presented. The findings suggest that NSFAS funding contributes towards soft-skills development of student beneficiaries. There was less evidence that NSFAS funding contributed to hard-skills development. The study recommends that UL could introduce a number of measures to reinforce the soft-skills development that NSFAS catalysed such as internal mentorship schemes for students and/or engaged collaborations with non-academic partners to reinforce the soft-skills components of students learning experience. Due to the localised nature and small size it is suggested that further research is warranted into the impact of NSFAS on students soft-skills development at a broader scale. During the research process, the ethical rules and regulations dictated by the Turfloop Research and Ethics Committee (TREC) were complied with and the suggested protocols of the experiences of educational researchers in the use of case study design during the COVID-19 pandemic were also observed and adhered to.

Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie avseende att utforska ämnet kompetens och kompetensutveckling i studieobjektet som varit en mindre sektion inom Västra Götalandsregionens förvaltning Regionservice. Covid-19 har påverkat åtskilliga aspekter inom organisationer där många har tvingats ställa om till distansarbete. Studiens syfte har varit att utforskande skapa en djupare förståelse för- samt analysera hur chefer inom studieobjektet arbetat med medarbetarnas kompetensutveckling, då verksamheten ställt om arbetsformen till distans. Chefer har vid djupintervjuer beskrivit arbetet med kompetensutveckling. Målet med studien har också varit att undersöka hur chefer arbetat med kompetensutveckling före respektive under pandemin för att kunna bidra till kunskap om hur chefers arbete påverkats och förändrats av distansarbete. Resultatet visade att en ökad digitalisering och användning av digitala verktyg främjat chefers arbete med medarbetarnas kompetensutveckling vid distansarbete. Därigenom har kompetensutveckling blivit mer flexibelt och tidsbesparande och andelen utbildningar har ökat. Vidare resultat har visat att chefers arbete med kompetensutveckling påverkats och förändrats då arbetsmiljön förflyttats från arbetsplatsen till hemmet. Innan pandemin genomfördes kompetensutveckling fysiskt på arbetsplatsen, vid distansarbete genomfördes det digitalt vilket främjat kompetensutveckling i stort inom studieobjektet och verksamheten. / This bachelor thesis is a qualitative case study with the intention of exploring the subject’s competence and skills development within a smaller section in the study object Västra Götalandsregionen´s administration Regionservice. Covid-19 has affected several aspects within organizations as many have been forced to adapt to teleworking. The purpose of this study has been to investigate, analyse and develop a deeper understanding of how managers within the study object have worked with employee’s skills development during teleworking. Managers have described their work with skills development through in-depth interviews. The purpose of the study has also been to examine how managers have worked with skills development before the pandemic with the purpose of developing knowledge of how managers work has been affected and changed by teleworking. The results showed that 5 increased digitization and the use of digital tools promoted managers' work with employee’s skills development in teleworking. As a result, skills development has become more flexible and timesaving, and the proportion of education has increased. Further results show that managers' work with competence development was affected and changed when the work environment was moved from the workplace to the home. Before the pandemic competence development was carried out physically in the workplace, during teleworking it was carried out digitally, which promoted competence development in general within the study object.

Increasing the access to post-secondary education is a top priority around the world, but still many graduates experience serious challenges in entering the labor market. In Tanzania the issue is prominent and partly associated with the skills mismatch, but also with the imbalance of the number of jobs available in relation to the number of graduates seeking for a job. Skills development is acritical element of all efforts in this challenging area, and therefore a number of organizations has emerged to focus on this, especially in Tanzania. The area has been explored in the literature, but mainly quantitatively on a macro-level. Hence, there is a need of more qualitative research regarding the best practices of organizations focusing on skills development. This thesis therefore aims to investigate how skills development organizations can support graduates in entering the labor market in Tanzania. The thesis is a Minor Field Study, implying that semi-structured interviews with graduates and skillsdevelopment organizations were conducted on-site in Tanzania. Further, hypotheses, regarding challenges that graduates experience when entering the labor market, were formulated and tested through qualitative and quantitative data. The findings imply that the challenges graduates experience can be categorized into three groups: structural, skills and attitude. Skills development organizations can therefore support graduates in entering the labor market by addressing these challenges and adopt measures in three different operations: the planning, the execution and the evaluation of skills development activities. Except for specific actions within each operation, the findings accentuate the importance of incorporating both the graduate and employer perspective, as well as viewing the support as a long-term process, from the first years of studies to obtaining employment. / Att öka tillgången till eftergymnasial utbildning har hög prioritet runt om i världen, men trots att fler utbildas är arbetslösheten bland unga fortfarande ett stort problem. I Tanzania är detta särskilt påtagligt och delvis förknippat med kompetens- och kunskapsbrist, men också med obalansen mellan antalet lediga jobb och antalet utexaminerade som söker jobb. Hur organisationer kan stötta unga i övergången från utbildning till arbetsmarknaden har undersökts tidigare, men då främst genom kvantitativ forskning på makronivå. Därför behövs fler kvalitativa studier om hur organisationer effektivt kan stötta unga personer in på arbetsmarknaden, vilket detta arbete syftar till. Studien har utförts som en mindre fältstudie på plats i Tanzania. Den empiriska data som har använts i studien har samlats in genom intervjuer med studenter och organisationer samt genom ett frågeformulär. De empiriska resultaten kombinerades sedan med litteratur för att besvara forskningsfrågorna. Resultaten visar att utmaningar som utexaminerade studenter upplever kan delas in i tre kategorier; strukturella-, kompetens- och attitydutmaningar. Organisationer kan därför stödja utexaminerade studenter att komma in på arbetsmarknaden genom att möta dessa utmaningar och vidta åtgärder inom tre olika områden: planering, genomförande och utvärdering av aktiviteter för kompetensutveckling. Förutom specifika åtgärder inom vardera områden, betonar resultaten vikten av att införa både student- och arbetsgivarperspektivet, samt att se stödet som en långsiktig process, från de första studieåren till anställning eller självanställning

The number of project-based organizations has increased in recent times, as has the teaching method of project-based learning. These two phenomena are related but little research has been conducted to examine the relationship between them, especially from a skills development perspective. Hence the first purpose of this study is to compare the skills that are necessary for work in a project-based organization with the skills that are developed in learning through project-based learning. Furthermore, the pandemic brought on a digitalized work environment for students in higher education.  Therefore, the second purpose of the study is to examine the changes in skills development during digitalization, especially for students who work with project-based learning.    A dual case study conducted in a qualitative manner has been administered to acquire both the project-based organization and the project-based learning perspective. To gain these perspectives, three students at Linköping University, who have worked extensively with project-based learning, and three employees at the project-based organization WSP Sweden AB were interviewed. The interview data was then thematically categorized and discussed.   The results suggest that communication and collaboration skills were developed by working through project-based learning. These skills were also specifically pertinent for work in a project-based organization. However, they were more difficult to develop during digitalization while they grew more important for project-based organizations. Moreover, it was found that tacit knowledge was more relevant for work at WSP Sweden AB, while explicit knowledge was more relevant for studies at Linköping University. During the digitalization of the Covid-19 pandemic, group constellations and project team constellations had significant similarities, while motivation occurred differently in project-based learning compared to project-based organizations.