Esta pesquisa possui como objetivo geral o estudo do envolvimento e das relações sociais de jovens através dos Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Play Games. Para tanto foram realizados três estudos, um qualitativo e dois quantitativos. O primeiro estudo foi conduzido com 20 estudantes de escolas públicas e particulares da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e teve como objetivo descrever como ocorre a construção e desenvolvimento de avatares por jovens jogadores para a interação nos MMORPGs. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e analisadas posteriormente com Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados deste estudo apontaram 7 sub-categorias relativas à elaboração dos avatares e que foram agrupadas em 3 categorias maiores: Imagem, Função e Motivação. O segundo estudo foi realizado em quatro etapas e teve como objetivo desenvolver instrumentos de mensuração do envolvimento e das relações sociais nos MMORPGs. A primeira etapa foi a construção dos itens baseados na literatura e nos modelos teóricos de Calleja (2007) e de Hinde (1997). A segunda etapa compreendeu o uso de três juízes experts na área. A terceira etapa consistiu em um estudo piloto para a compreensão dos itens com cinco adolescentes jogadores de MMORPG. A quarta etapa compreendeu a análise da consistência interna utilizando-se o alpha de cronbach e das estruturas fatoriais das escalas através de análises de componentes principais e análises fatoriais confirmatórias com uma amostra coletada online de 467 jovens jogadores de MMORPG, com idades entre 12 e 30 anos, de diferentes regiões do país. Os resultados apontaram bons índices de estrutura fatorial e fidedignidade, indicando-se o uso das escalas para pesquisas futuras. O terceiro estudo contou com a mesma amostra do segundo estudo e teve os objetivos de descrever um perfil de usuários de MMORPG; descrever como os jovens usuários vivenciam as relações sociais estabelecidas por eles com outros jovens usuários nos MMORPG; e de averiguar se as características de envolvimento e de relações sociais dos participantes estão relacionadas. Análises estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais foram realizadas, através de correlações de Pearson, e do uso de modelagem de equações estuturais. Os resultados finais da tese indicaram um modelo de relações entre os jovens, seus avatares, o envolvimento no jogo e suas relações sociais no jogo. / This research aims study the youth involvement and yours social relationships across the Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Play Games. Therefore, we conducted three studies, one qualitative and two quantitative. The first study was conducted with 20 students from public and private schools in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre and aimed to describe how is the construction and development of young players avatars for interaction in MMORPGs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and later analyzed with content analysis. The results of this study reveal 7 subcategories approaching the avatars construction, grouped in 3 major categories: Image, Function and Motivation. The second study was conducted in four stages and aimed to develop scales to measure the involvement and social relations in MMORPGs. The first step was the construction of sentences based on literature and the theoretical models of Calleja (2007) and Hinde (1997). The second stage was the use of three judges, experts in the area. The third step was a pilot study to review the sentences with five teenagers MMORPG players. The fourth step included analysis of internal consistency and factorial structure of the scales with a total sample of 467 young people online MMORPG players, aged between 12 and 30 years, from different regions of the country. The third study involved the same sample of the second study had and the objective of describing a profile of users of MMORPG; describe how young users experience social relationships they established with other youth in the MMORPG users, and to investigate whether the characteristics of involvement and social relations of the participants are related. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were performed. The results indicated a final model of relations between young people, their avatars, the involvement in the game and their social relations in the game.

abstract: The current study examined the unique influence of emotional childhood abuse on positive and negative aspects of different types of social relationships (e.g., family, spouse/partner, and friends) in midlife and whether genetic variations of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) moderated these associations. Genetic variations in OXTR are measured by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which have been the most substantially studied prospects for explaining individual differences in socio-behavioral phenotypes. Specifically, an SNP, rs53576, involving a guanine (G) to adenine (A) substitution located in the third intron of the OXTR has been associated with fundamental aspects of social processes and behaviors. Compared to A carriers, individuals homozygous for the G allele have enhanced social competencies and tend to elicit more positive responses from social partners, consequently increasing the overall quality of social relationships across the lifespan. However, the G allele of the OXTR has also been associated with greater social sensitivity. In the current study, conducted among a sample of 614 adults in midlife, it was shown that emotional childhood abuse was significantly associated with having less supportive and more strained relationships in midlife. Regarding supportive family relationships, the effect of emotional childhood abuse was moderated by the OXTR rs53576 polymorphism. Specifically, under conditions of more emotional abuse in childhood, individuals homozygous for the G allele had more supportive family relationships in midlife compared to A carriers. Overall, the findings suggest that genetic variations of OXTR rs53576 may be an important candidate in understanding the development of social relationship functioning within the context of negative early life experiences. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2018

Esta pesquisa possui como objetivo geral o estudo do envolvimento e das relações sociais de jovens através dos Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Play Games. Para tanto foram realizados três estudos, um qualitativo e dois quantitativos. O primeiro estudo foi conduzido com 20 estudantes de escolas públicas e particulares da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e teve como objetivo descrever como ocorre a construção e desenvolvimento de avatares por jovens jogadores para a interação nos MMORPGs. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e analisadas posteriormente com Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados deste estudo apontaram 7 sub-categorias relativas à elaboração dos avatares e que foram agrupadas em 3 categorias maiores: Imagem, Função e Motivação. O segundo estudo foi realizado em quatro etapas e teve como objetivo desenvolver instrumentos de mensuração do envolvimento e das relações sociais nos MMORPGs. A primeira etapa foi a construção dos itens baseados na literatura e nos modelos teóricos de Calleja (2007) e de Hinde (1997). A segunda etapa compreendeu o uso de três juízes experts na área. A terceira etapa consistiu em um estudo piloto para a compreensão dos itens com cinco adolescentes jogadores de MMORPG. A quarta etapa compreendeu a análise da consistência interna utilizando-se o alpha de cronbach e das estruturas fatoriais das escalas através de análises de componentes principais e análises fatoriais confirmatórias com uma amostra coletada online de 467 jovens jogadores de MMORPG, com idades entre 12 e 30 anos, de diferentes regiões do país. Os resultados apontaram bons índices de estrutura fatorial e fidedignidade, indicando-se o uso das escalas para pesquisas futuras. O terceiro estudo contou com a mesma amostra do segundo estudo e teve os objetivos de descrever um perfil de usuários de MMORPG; descrever como os jovens usuários vivenciam as relações sociais estabelecidas por eles com outros jovens usuários nos MMORPG; e de averiguar se as características de envolvimento e de relações sociais dos participantes estão relacionadas. Análises estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais foram realizadas, através de correlações de Pearson, e do uso de modelagem de equações estuturais. Os resultados finais da tese indicaram um modelo de relações entre os jovens, seus avatares, o envolvimento no jogo e suas relações sociais no jogo. / This research aims study the youth involvement and yours social relationships across the Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Play Games. Therefore, we conducted three studies, one qualitative and two quantitative. The first study was conducted with 20 students from public and private schools in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre and aimed to describe how is the construction and development of young players avatars for interaction in MMORPGs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and later analyzed with content analysis. The results of this study reveal 7 subcategories approaching the avatars construction, grouped in 3 major categories: Image, Function and Motivation. The second study was conducted in four stages and aimed to develop scales to measure the involvement and social relations in MMORPGs. The first step was the construction of sentences based on literature and the theoretical models of Calleja (2007) and Hinde (1997). The second stage was the use of three judges, experts in the area. The third step was a pilot study to review the sentences with five teenagers MMORPG players. The fourth step included analysis of internal consistency and factorial structure of the scales with a total sample of 467 young people online MMORPG players, aged between 12 and 30 years, from different regions of the country. The third study involved the same sample of the second study had and the objective of describing a profile of users of MMORPG; describe how young users experience social relationships they established with other youth in the MMORPG users, and to investigate whether the characteristics of involvement and social relations of the participants are related. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were performed. The results indicated a final model of relations between young people, their avatars, the involvement in the game and their social relations in the game.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-09-13T13:31:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) A REPRESENTAÇÃO METAFÓRICA DAS RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS EM CINZAS DO NORTE, DE MILTON HATOUM.pdf: 1389572 bytes, checksum: 15ccac204310e6bb705bf7cfda0ffb58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T13:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) A REPRESENTAÇÃO METAFÓRICA DAS RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS EM CINZAS DO NORTE, DE MILTON HATOUM.pdf: 1389572 bytes, checksum: 15ccac204310e6bb705bf7cfda0ffb58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-21 / The dissertation proposed here was based on the study of Northern Gray, the third novel by the renowned Amazonian author Milton Hatoum, who since his debut has been awarded nationally and recognized in several countries, contributing greatly to solidify the quality of literary production on the Brazilian artistic scenery. The objective was to analyze: the metaphorical construction of narrative discourse from the perspective of the conceptual metaphor of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson; the understanding of social organization according to the ideological apparatuses and repressors of state under the philosophical view of Louis Althusser; and the sociological study of the work dealt with in Antonio Candido's theory, using the notion of "organic ferment", in an attempt to unveil the resources that Hatoum used to substantiate and architect Northern Ashes. For this, the analysis is focused not only on the wealth of imagery through connotative language, but also on the involvement of philosophy and sociology with literature. Therefore investigation, the starting point was the plot of the novels predecessor to the latter, followed by a thorough re-reading of the work in question, highlighting the most expressive metaphors, as well as metonymy and neighboring figures, emphasizing both the sociocultural context and its structural aspects, to highlight social events at various points of convergence between language, the philosophical and social factors put in the novel. In this context, it was sought to reveal more often the discourses on the political concerns in the Brazilian scenario of the time. Thus, the methodological path of this analysis was constructed based on the bibliographical research, using as main scopes: Northern Gray (2005), Metaphors we live by (2002), Ideology and ideological apparatuses of the state (1980), Literature and society: studies of theory and literary history (2014), articles, dissertations and theses of the scholars of the Hatoum novels. In this way, in view of the success of this production, the study ratifies the validity of the metaphorical analysis of the Hatounian work, as it was possible to ascertain its rich fictional universe, the connotative beauty of its language and the importance of highlighting Brazilian literature of Amazonian expression. / A dissertação aqui proposta teve como fulcro o estudo de Cinzas do Norte, o terceiro romance do renomado autor amazonense Milton Hatoum, que desde sua estreia tem sido premiado nacionalmente e reconhecido em vários países, por contribuir sobremaneira para solidificar a qualidade da produção literária no cenário artístico brasileiro. Objetivou-se, pois, analisar: a construção metafórica do discurso narrativo a partir da perspectiva da metáfora conceptual de George Lakoff e Mark Johnson; a compreensão da organização social consoante os aparelhos ideológicos e repressores de estado sob a ótica filosófica de Louis Althusser; e o estudo sociológico da obra abordado na teoria de Antonio Candido, utilizando-se da noção de “fermento orgânico”, na tentativa de desvelar os recursos que Hatoum utilizou para substanciar e arquitetar Cinzas do Norte. A análise está voltada não só para a riqueza das criações imagéticas através da linguagem conotativa, mas também para o envolvimento da filosofia e da sociologia com a literatura. Para tal averiguação, destacou-se como ponto de partida o enredo dos romances antecessores a este, seguido de uma minuciosa releitura da obra em questão, destacando as mais expressivas metáforas, bem como a metonímia e figuras vizinhas, evidenciando tanto o contexto sociocultural, como seus aspectos estruturais, para dar ênfase aos eventos sociais em vários pontos de confluência entre a linguagem, os fatores filosóficos e sociais postos no romance. Neste contexto, procurou-se revelar mais amiúde os discursos sobre as inquietações políticas no cenário brasileiro da época. Assim, o percurso metodológico desta análise foi construído com base na pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando-se como principais escopos: Cinzas do Norte (2005), Metáforas da vida cotidiana (2002), Ideologia e aparelhos ideológicos do estado (1980), Literatura e sociedade: estudos de teoria e história literária (2014), artigos, dissertações e teses dos estudiosos dos romances de Hatoum. Dessa maneira, tendo em vista o êxito desta produção, o estudo ratifica a validade da análise metafórica da obra hatouniana, pois, assim, foi possível averiguar seu rico universo fictício, a beleza conotativa de sua linguagem e a importância de se destacar a literatura brasileira de expressão amazônica.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Esse estudo teve como objetivo investigar a formaÃÃo de comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem em cursos a distÃncia, tomando como base os elementos formadores de uma comunidade e as relaÃÃes sociais entre os participantes. A pesquisa foi realizada com 18 alunos do 3 semestre do curso de GraduaÃÃo semipresencial em Letras-PortuguÃs da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Fortaleza-Ce, Brasil, uma parceria com a Universidade Aberta do Brasil. A metodologia de pesquisa teve carÃter predominantemente qualitativo sendo utilizado o mÃtodo etnogrÃfico e os princÃpios da etnografia virtual na coleta e anÃlise dos dados. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas as observaÃÃes presenciais e virtuais e entrevistas. As observaÃÃes foram referentes Ãs anotaÃÃes do diÃrio de campo, dois fÃruns de discussÃo e trÃs bate-papos. O perÃodo de investigaÃÃo correspondeu a duas disciplinas: LÃngua Portuguesa: Frase e Latim II: LÃngua e Cultura no semestre 2008.2. Os resultados obtidos validaram os elementos formadores de uma comunidade jà encontrados na literatura e possibilitaram elencar outros elementos que ainda nÃo estavam propostos pelos autores citados, tais como: os status, os papÃis, as normas e as diferentes formas de relaÃÃo social. Esses elementos se manifestaram especificamente nos espaÃos formais de aprendizagem. / The study investigates the development of virtual learning communities in distance learning courses, based on key elements of community formation and social relations among participants. The investigation included ideas and concepts of virtual ethnography and was conducted with 18 3rd semester students enrolled in Letras-PortuguÃs, an undergraduate distance learning program offered by the Universidade Federal do Cearà and Universidade Aberta do Brasil. Data was collected during the classroom course meetings, at the Learning Managements Systems and through interviews. Observations were conducted during two selected courses: LÃngua Portuguesa: Frase e Latim II: LÃngua e Cultura (semester 2008.2). Result validated founding elements presented in the related literature and also allowed the formulation of new ones: Status, Roles, Norms and different types of social relationship. These elements were manifested specifically at formal learning spaces.

Compreender como ocorre determinada ocupação e organização do espaço pelo homem nos impõe o desafio da redução ou restrição, sem perder de vista o conjunto de complexidades que envolve a questão ambiental. Para isso, é preciso levar em consideração as especificidades das ocupações e as condições naturais do ambiente, observando em que contexto histórico ocorrem, quais os tipos de degradação ambiental que já são visíveis e de que forma o poder público responde no atendimento de necessidades que surgem em áreas onde ocorrem tais fenômenos, como é o caso do Porto das Catraias, área estudada em Tabatinga (AM). A base teórica desta pesquisa foi fundamentada em alguns princípios da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas, proposta por Bertalanffy, no conceito de paisagem e na observação dos fatores selecionados, que se constituíam tanto de elementos físicos, que nos possibilitaram examinar a caracterização física geomorfológica e biogeográfica, como também daqueles elementos que evidenciavam efeitos das ações humanas, buscando retratar como ocorre a ocupação e a organização do espaço pelo homem, possibilitando a compreensão dos padrões intrincados nessas interrelações que caracterizam paisagísticamente uma determinada área. Este estudo analisou como vem ocorrendo a construção paisagística do Porto das Catraias, considerando seus vários momentos e seus aspectos históricos e ambientais, identificando as principais relações sociais e naturais que ocorrem nesta área e em seu entorno. / To understand the humans approach to occupy and organize the space imposes the challenge of reduction or restriction of this theme, without losing sight of the set of complexities that environmental questions involve. For this is necessary to take in consideration the specificities of the occupation, the natural conditions of the environment, and historical context. The categories of environmental degradation and the attendance of necessities by public administration must be also considered. These aspects were considered in the area studied: Port of Catraias, at Tabatinga City (Amazonas State, Brazil). The theoretical support of this research was based on some principles of the General Systems Theory (Bertalanffy), concept of landscape, and the observation of the selected factors: physical elements, such as the geomorphological and biogeographical description, and others elements that evidenced the effects of the human actions to understand the process of the space occupation and organization by human. Thus, it made possible to understand of the complex patterns in these interactions which characterize the landscape. This study analyzed the process of the configuration of the Port of Catraias landscape, which considered some moments and its historical and environmental aspects, and this study also identified the most important social and natural relationships that occur in this area and its neighborhood.

Studien handlar om att utifrån ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv studera arbetsplatslärande på en kommunal kostenhet i Sverige. Syfte: Syftet var att utifrån ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv undersöka anställdas upplevelser av arbetsplatslärande på individ- och gruppnivå. Metod: Studien baserades på en kvalitativ ansats och empirin samlades in genom tre fokusgruppsintervjuer. Totalt medverkade nio personer från den kommunala kostenheten. Studiens resultat har analyserats abduktivt genom ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv. Teoretisk referensram: Den teoretiska referensramen grundade sig i pedagogiska och hälsofrämjande områden med fokus på arbetsplatslärande och friskfaktorer. Den pedagogiska ansatsen innefattade erfarenhetsbaserat lärande. Studien berör friskfaktorer som begrepp och tillvägagångssätt, genom till exempel sociala relationer och delaktighet. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar betydelsen av sociala samspel och att ta del av varandras erfarenheter för lärande på arbetsplatsen. Grupperna indikerar på att arbetsplatslärande upplevs ske i det dagliga arbetet på en gruppnivå, dock upplevs ingen större satsning gällande detta. Skapas förutsättningar för detta skulle utveckling på både grupp- och individnivå främjas. Ur ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv kan samtliga ovan nämnda lärande faktorer gynna personalens välmående och kontinuerliga utveckling. / The study is based on a health promotion perspective and involves studying workplace learning on a communal dietary unit in Sweden. The Aim: The aim of this study was from a health promotion perspective examine employees experiences of workplace learning at individual- and group level. Method: The study has been made on a qualitative approach and results have been collected through three focus group interviews. In total, nine people participated from the communal dietary unit. The study's results have been analyzed abductive through a health promotion perspective. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of this essay had its foundation in educational and health promotion areas with focus on workplace learning and wellness factors. The educational approach is based on experiential learning. The study relates to health factors as concepts and approaches, for example through social relationships and participation. Conclusion: The study shows the importance of social interactions and to share each other's experience for workplace learning. The groups indicate that workplace learning is experienced in daily work situations at a group level, but no major effort and investment is experienced in this regard. Creating conditions for this would promote development at both group- and individual level. From a health promotion perspective, all learning factors mentioned above can benefit the well-being and continuous development of employees.

La diversité reflète le fait que les membres d’une communauté diffèrent selon certaines caractéristiques, liées à l'origine ethnique, au statut socio-économique ou à la culture. L’essor du commerce et l'intégration économique placent les sociétés modernes face à des niveaux de diversité croissants. Cette thèse évalue l’impact social et économique de la diversité locale. elle montre comment la diversité d’un quartier influe sur les conditions de vie et les perspectives d'emploi de ses habitants. Ce travail contribue à la littérature de trois façons: il examine des questions inexplorées à un niveau très local, révèle les mécanismes sous-jacents et fournit de nouvelles méthodes pour aborder la question de l'endogénéité. Le chapitre 1 montre que la diversité des origines a un effet négatif sur la qualité des biens publics locaux, du fait d’actes de vandalisme liés à un manque de pression des pairs, et du fait de l'échec de l'action collective qui permettrait une gestion efficace de la propriété. Aucun effet robuste sur la sécurité publique n’est à noter. Le chapitre 2 révèle que l'effet du chômage sur la criminalité a une dimension spatiale. Pour les crimes économiques, le taux de chômage des quartiers environnants a un effet plus fort que celui du voisinage immédiat, l'inverse étant vrai pour vandalisme. Le chapitre 3 montre que les personnes vivant dans un quartier plus diversifié ont des perspectives d'emploi inférieures, cet effet étant plus lié à la dimension culturelle qu’ethnique de la diversité. Le chapitre 4 développe un modèle rationalisant le recours des minorités ethniques à l'économie informelle en réponse à des conditions défavorables sur le marché du travail. / Diversity reflects the extent to which members of a given community share different characteristics, usually pertaining to ethnicity, socio-economic status or even culture. As a result of trade development and economic integration, modern societies have to cope with increasing levels of diversity, both in terms of origins and social statuses. The purpose of this dissertation is to assess the social and economic impacts of local diversity. More precisely, this thesis shows how neighborhood level diversity affects individuals’ living conditions and employment prospects. This work contributes to the existing literature in three ways: it examines unexplored issues at a very local level, gives new insights about the underlying mechanisms and provides new methods to address the endogeneity issue. Chapter 1 shows that diversity in terms of origins has a negative effect on the quality of local public goods, due to vandalism, not deterred by social policing, and due to collective action failure to ensure effective property management. However, it has no robust effect on public safety. Chapter 2 reveals that the effect of unemployment on crime has a spatial dimension: for economic crimes the effect of unemployment rate in surrounding neighborhoods is stronger than that of the immediate neighborhood, while the reverse holds for vandalism. Chapter 3 shows that people living in a diverse neighborhood face lower employment prospects, but that this effect is more related to cultural (e.g. language) diversity than to ethnic diversity. Chapter 4 develops a model rationalizing the fact that ethnic minorities turn to the informal economy in response to adverse labor market conditions.

Pandemin har en stor påverkan på arbetsmarknaden där de som drabbats hårdast av pandemin är hotell- och restaurangbranschen. Arbetsplatsen har en stor påverkan på den anställdes kompetensutveckling och hälsa. Kompetensutveckling har uppmärksammats som betydelsefullt på arbetsplatsen eftersom detta resulterar i engagerade anställda, högre ekonomisk omsättning i företaget samt ett främjande inlärningsklimat. Därför är det betydelsefullt att undersöka hur ledare bemöter utmaningar inom hotell- och restaurangbranschen såsom pandemin, personalomsättningen samt utvecklingen som sker inom företaget. Syftet med studien var att beskriva ledares erfarenheter av hälsa och kompetensutveckling inom hotell- och restaurangbranschen under pandemin. Studiens teoretiska referensram och pedagogiska utgångspunkt är det anpassnings- och utvecklingssinriktade lärandet, där hälsoteorin KASAM tillåter studiens hälsoaspekter träda fram. För att svara på studiens syfte har elva ledare från olika hotell och restauranger deltagit i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det insamlade materialet utifrån intervjuerna analyserades sedan genom en konventionell kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att sociala sammanhang på arbetsplatsen under pandemin främjar kompetensutveckling och god hälsa, stress och krav på arbetet påverkar hälsan negativt, att planerat eller påtvingad kompetensutveckling inte alltid är hållbart utan endast ett medel för ett större mål. Konklusionen är att sociala relationer har en positiv påverkan på både kompetensutvecklingen och hälsan. Om lärandet upplevs meningsfullt, hanterbart och begripligt anses det indirekt vara hälsofrämjande. Den kompetensutveckling som sker påtvingat har visats påverka hälsan negativt. Avslutningsvis anses ledarnas kompetensutveckling och hälsa vara en process, vars erfarenheter upplevs påfrestande av den pandemiska kontexten. / The pandemic has a major impact on the labor market, and the hotel and restaurant business has been the most affected. The workplace has a big impact on the employee's skills development and health. Skills development has been found to be a significant contributing factor within different companies. This results in engaged employees, higher financial turnover and a promoting learning climate. Therefore, it was of importance to study how leaders respond to challenges within the hotel and restaurant business. Business such as the pandemic context, staff turnover and the development that takes place within the company. The aim of this study was to describe leaders experiences of health and skills development in the hotel and restaurant business during the pandemic. The study's theoretical frame and pedagogical view is: The Developmental and adaptive learning and SOC. To answer the study's aim, eleven leaders from different hotels and restaurants participated in semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that social contexts within the workplace during the pandemic promote skills development and good health. Furthermore, stress and imposed work demands has a negative impact on health, where planned or forced skills development is not viewed as sustainable. In conclusion, social relationships are positively associated with skills development and health. Additionally, if the learning is experienced as meaningful, manageable and comprehensible, it is indirectly considered to be health-promoting. The skills development that is forced has shown a negative effect on health. Finally, the interdisciplinary basis of this study is considered to have contributed new and original knowledge about skills development and health in a pandemic context.

Bakgrund: I Sverige lever cirka 180 000–350 000 personer med hjärtsvikt. Hjärtsvikt i NYHA klass III och IV innebär att sjukdomen inte längre går att behandla utan att vårdandet istället övergår till symtom lindrande vård och i senare skede till palliativ vård. Förväntad livstid är begränsad till ett år i den senare delen av hjärtsvikt. Syfte: Beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med hjärtsvikt i ett palliativt skede. Metod: Litteraturbaserad metod med grund i analys av kvalitativ forskning för att bidra till evidensbaserad omvårdnad. Datamaterialet baseras på 13 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Ur analysen framträdde tre teman; Kroppen sviker, nära relationer, ovisshet om framtiden med sex underteman. Konklusion: För att bidra till en god vård i livets slut bör vården utgå från patientens livsvärld, där behov och önskningar beaktas. Sjuksköterskan ska stödja till en trygg och säker vård genom att låta patient och anhöriga delta. / Background: In Sweden, approximately 180,000–350,000 people live with heart failure. Heart failure in NYHA class III and IV means that the disease can no longer be treated, and the patient will be treated with palliative care. Life expectancy is limited to one year in the later part of heart failure. Aim: To describe patients' experiences of living with heart failure in a palliative stage. Method: Literature based study, based on 13 qualitative scientific articles. Results: Patients experienced physical and mental limitations in the palliative care phase. The nurse played a significant role in the experience of safe care. Social relationships were perceived as a support in everyday life and care. The future was uncertain, some were waiting for death and others felt hope for the future. Conclusion: In order to contribute to good care at the end of life, the care should be based on the patient's world of life, where needs and wishes are included. The nurse must support the patient by allowing the patient and relatives to participate