Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Alexandre Cardoso Alvares.pdf: 3762304 bytes, checksum: 4645bc340e8cd69a3eda3db68d70360f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-19 / Hospital Sirio-Libanes / This dissertation examines the working relationships of the population living in precarious housing in Bela Vista. In the district with the largest concentration of tenement houses of Sao Paulo, lies a population segregated from job opportunities that flourish in the region. To grasp the implications of that reality orientation in employment, were used two databases with non-probability samples, one quantitative and another qualitative. Was recourse to triangulation between these two bases to try to find patterns of behavior to present the people who live in tenement-house and how they put together their social relationships and labor activities. The results point to a peculiar situation of segregation, reinforced by social ties to the neighborhood and a significant influence on professional activities and a strong association with low-skilled occupations, an element that determines a remuneration far below the locality potential. Another major factor in the analysis is through employment, the formalization of labor relations strengthens the connection between people and the space, giving more personal and professional satisfaction, other factors that appear closely linked to personal identification with the location. The survey was not sufficient to show that tenement housing determines the professional activity who undergo this situation, but provides information that other factors have very strong influence, those conclusions were the biggest results of all the effort put into work. It is also a material that can enrich the understanding of this reality for all who work to improve the quality of life of those living in tenement housing, whether by the efforts of civil society organizations or by the state itself / Esta dissertação examina as relações de trabalho da população que vive em habitações precárias na Bela Vista. No bairro com a maior concentração de cortiços de São Paulo, reside uma população segregada das oportunidades trabalho que prosperam na região. Para captar as repercussões dessa realidade na orientação profissional das pessoas, foram utilizadas duas bases de dados com amostras não probabilísticas, uma de natureza quantitativa e outra qualitativas. Recorreu-se à triangulação entre essas duas bases para tentar encontrar padrões de comportamento que apresentasse de que maneira os indivíduos que vivem em cortiços constituem suas relações sociais e de trabalho. Os resultados apontam para uma situação de segregação peculiar, reforçada pelos laços sociais com a localidade e uma influência significativa nas atividades profissionais, com forte associação a ocupações de baixa qualificação, elemento que determina uma remuneração muito aquém do potencial local. Outro fator de peso nas análises se dá pelo vínculo empregatício, a formalização das relações de trabalho reforça o laço das pessoas com o espaço, dando mais satisfação pessoal e profissional, outros fatores que aparecem muito ligados à identificação pessoal com o meio. A pesquisa não foi suficiente para demonstrar que a moradia precária determina a atividade profissional dos que se submetem a essa situação, mas trouxe informações que apresentam outros fatores muito fortes, o que constituiu no maior resultado de todo o esforço empreendido no trabalho. É também um material que pode enriquecer a compreensão dessa realidade para todos que trabalham pela melhoria da qualidade de vida daqueles que residem em habitações precárias, sejam organizações da sociedade civil, ou o próprio Estado

La vie en groupe représente de nombreux défis pour les animaux et l’un d’entre eux est le maintien de la cohésion groupe. Comment les animaux décident collectivement vers où et quand se déplacer,se nourrir, se reposer alors qu’ils n’ont pas les mêmes motivations ou besoins ? Dans ce travail de thèse je me suis intéressée aux mécanismes qui sous-tendent les décisions collectives lors des déplacements chez le cheval domestique et notamment le poids des différences interindividuelles et des relations sociales sur ces mécanismes. Pour cela, j’ai étudié quatre groupes de chevaux contenant uniquement des juments ou des groupes familiaux contenant un étalon et des juments.J’ai pu mettre en évidence 1) l’absence de leader et l’existence de décision partagée par l’ensemble du groupe, 2) l’importance de la personnalité et des relations sociales sur les décisions, 3) l’impact de la période précédant le départ sur la rapidité du consensus et 4) la coexistence de mécanismes auto-organisés et individualisés. Enfin en étudiant plus précisément les étalons, j’ai pu montrer quecontrairement à l’idée populaire, ils ne sont pas les leaders de leur groupe. Leur rôle s’apparente plus à celui d’un surveillant et ils sont parfois un des catalyseurs du phénomène. Ces résultats suggèrent que les chevaux vivent au sein d’un système hybride ou décisions partagée et non partagée coexistent. / Living in groups is challenging on many levels for animals and one of this challenge is the maintenance of group cohesion. How animals that do not share the same motives or needs, decide collectively where and when to go, to rest or to eat? In this work, I studied the mechanisms underlying collective decision during group movements in domestic horses, and notably the weight of interindividual differences and social relationships on those mechanisms. In order to achieve thatgoal, I studied four groups of domestic horses containing only females or one male and several females (i.e. natural group organisation). I was able to show that in horses 1) there is no leader and the decision is shared among group members, 2) personality and social relationships play a key role on the individual decisions, 3) the period before departure is crucial in determining the speed of the consensus, 4) both individualized and self-organised mechanisms underlie collective decisions. Finally by studying thoroughly the behaviour of stallions, I was able to debunk the myth that stallionsare the leader of their group. Their role is closer to that of a supervisor and sometimes of a catalyseras they can push females forward. Overall these results suggest that horses live in a hybrid system where shared and unshared decision coexist.

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro / A influências das relações sociais na saúde vem sendo largamente investigada em diferentes contextos. No que concerne a influência das relações sociais na atividade física de lazer (AFL) e na obesidade, abordagens multidimensionais e longitudinais, são escassas. O primeiro artigo objetivou investigar o efeito de quatro dimensões do apoio social no engajamento, manutenção, tipo e tempo gasto na prática de AFL em adultos durante um período de dois anos de seguimento (1999-2001). Enquanto que o segundo artigo visou investigar o efeito de cinco indicadores das relações sociais sobre a obesidade e potenciais diferenças de sexo nesta associação, após nove anos de seguimento (1991-2000). Para o primeiro artigo, foram analisados dados longitudinais obtidos através de questionários autopreenchidos aplicados em 3.253 funcionários de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro (Estudo Pró-Saúde). Enquanto que para o segundo artigo, dados longitudinais do Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) foram utilizados. Os resultados do primeiro artigo mostraram associações estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) entre as dimensões de apoio social e AFL coletiva no grupo de engajamento. Além disso, a dimensão emocional/informação associou-se com o tempo em AFL (OR=2,0; IC95% 1,2-3,9). No grupo de manutenção, o apoio material associou-se com AFL coletiva (OR=1,8; IC95% 1,1-3,1) e a dimensão interação social positiva foi associado com o tempo gasto em AFL (OR=1,65; IC95% 1,1-2,7). Os resultados do segundo artigo mostraram que após o ajuste por fatores de confusão, a falta de apoio emocional (RR = 1,98; 95% IC 1,1-3,8) associou-se à incidência de obesidade entre os homens. Além disso, homens no nível mais baixo de IRS (índice de relações sociais) tiveram risco aumentado de desenvolver obesidade (RR = 2,22; 95% IC 1,1-4,4). Entre as mulheres o IRS não esteve significativamente associado com a obesidade. Contudo, um efeito protetor na obesidade para as mulheres que mudaram o estado civil de casada para nãocasada tenha sido encontrado (RR = 0,39; 95% IC 0,2-0,9). Ao que tange o primeiro artigo, conclui-se que todas as dimensões de apoio social influenciaram o tipo ou o tempo gasto em atividade física de lazer. No entanto, nossos resultados sugerem que o apoio social é mais importante no engajamento do que na situação de manutenção. Esse achado é importante, pois sugere que a manutenção da AFL deve estar associada a outros fatores além do nível individual de apoio social, como um ambiente adequado e políticas de saúde/sociais voltadas para a prática da AFL. Em relação ao segundo artigo, o presente estudo fornece evidências de uma associação inversa entre as relações sociais e a incidência de obesidade, evidenciando diferenças de sexo. Além disso, foi sugerido que preocupações com a imagem corporal entre mulheres poderia ser uma explicação para as diferenças de sexo. / The influences of social relations in health is being widely investigated in different contexts. Regarding the influence of social relationships in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and obesity, longitudinal multidimensional approaches are scarce. The first paper aim to investigate how four dimensions of social support affect LTPA engagement, maintenance, type, and time spent by adults during a two-year follow-up (1999-2001). While the second paper aim to investigate the effect of five social relationships indicators on obesity and the potential sex differences in associations after nine years of follow-up (1991-2000). For the first paper were analysed a longitudinal data from 3,253 non-faculty public employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro (the Pró-Saúde study). While for the second paper, longitudinal data from the Swedish level of living Survey (LNU) were used. Results from the first paper found statistically significant associations (p<0.05) between dimensions of social support and group LTPA were found in the engagement group. Also, the emotional/information dimension was associated with time spent on LTPA (OR=2.01; 95% CI 1.2-3.9). In the maintenance group, material support was associated with group LTPA (OR=1.80; 95% CI; 1.1-3.1) and the positive social interaction dimension was associated with time spent on LTPA (OR=1.65; 95% CI; 1.1-2.7). Results from the second paper showed that after adjustment for confounders, lack of emotional support (RR=1.98; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) influence the incidence of obesity among men. In addition, men with the lowest level of SRI (social relationships index) had an increased risk of being obese (RR=2.22; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4). Among women SRI was not significantly associated with obesity. However, a protective effect on obesity for women who changed their marital status from married to unmarried (RR=0.39; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9) was found. Regarding the first paper, all dimensions of social support influenced LTPA type or the time spent on the activity. However, our findings suggest that social support is more important in engagement than in maintenance. This finding is important, because it suggests that maintenance of LTPA must be associated with other factors beyond the individuals level of social support, such as a suitable environment and social/health policies directed towards the practice of LTPA. In relation to the second paper, the present study provides evidence of an inverse association between social relationships and the incidence of obesity, highlighting sex differences. Moreover, it was suggested that body image concerns among women could be an explanation for sex differences.

Cette recherche doctorale a pour objectif de préciser le rôle du sexe et des stéréotypes de genre dans les dimensions attitudinales et relationnelles en jeu dans l’intention de quitter un emploi traditionnellement féminin. Pour ce faire, cinq études ont été réalisées. Les quatre premières ont trait à la construction d’un outil évaluant l’identification aux stéréotypes de genre alors que la cinquième investigue le rôle de cette dernière et du sexe dans les modèles classiques du turnover.La première étude a été réalisée auprès d’un échantillon de 498 étudiants. Elle a permis de préciser les stéréotypes féminins et masculins véhiculés dans la société française. Ces derniers ont ensuite été validés dans une seconde étude, auprès d’une population générale (N = 574). L’outil ainsi constitué a été proposé dans une troisième étude (N = 542) afin d’en vérifier la validité conceptuelle. Une quatrième étude (N = 431) a mené à l’identification des attentes sociales en matière de caractéristiques genrées, à l’égard des personnes souhaitant travailler dans une profession dite féminine. Enfin, la cinquième et dernière étude (N = 204) investiguait d’une part, l’incidence du sexe et des stéréotypes de genre dans les attitudes (satisfaction et engagement organisationnel), les ressources socio-organisationnelles (LMX, TMX et SOP) et l’intention de quitter un emploi féminin. D’autre part, l’incidence du sexe dans les relations entretenues entre ces dimensions était également questionnée. Les principaux résultats mettent en évidence le caractère genré du turnover puisque les dimensions en cause dans ce dernier diffèrent selon le sexe du travailleur. Si la satisfaction et l’engagement organisationnel apparaissent essentiels pour éviter la rotation volontaire des hommes comme des femmes, les formes d’engagement apparaissent distinctes selon les stéréotypes de genre. Alors que les hommes valorisent un engagement basé sur leurs propres investissements, les femmes préfèrent un engagement centré sur les investissements qu’on leur confère. En ce sens, les pratiques de socialisation organisationnelle paraissent essentielles pour ces dernières. Ce travail souligne également les limites des approches comparatives visant à identifier les différences entre les sexes et démontre l’importance de dissocier les hommes, des femmes lorsque l’on cherche à mettre en évidence des modèles prédictifs de l’intention de quitter. / This doctoral research aims to clarify the role of sex and gender stereotypes in the attitudinal and relational dimensions involved in intend to leave a traditionally female’jobs. To do this, five studies were performed. The first four relate to the construction of a tool who evaluates the identification of gender stereotypes while the fifth investigates the role of the latter and of the sex in the classical models of turnover.The first study was carried out among a sample of 498 students. She clarified the female and male stereotypes in French society. These were then validated in a second study, from a general population (N = 574). The tool thus formed was proposed in a third study (N = 542) to verify the construct validity. A fourth study (N = 431) completed the identification of the social expectations of gendered characteristics, with respect to people wishing to work in a traditionally female's profession. Finally, the fifth and final study (N = 204) was investigating on the one hand, the impact of sex and gender stereotypes in attitudes (satisfaction and organizational commitment), socio-organizational resources (LMX, TMX and SOP) and intend to leave a female employment. On the second hand, the impact of gender in the relationships between these dimensions was also questioned. The main results demonstrate the gendered nature of the turnover since the dimensions involved in the latter differ by gender of the worker. If satisfaction and organizational commitment appear essential to prevent voluntary turnover of both men and women, forms of engagement appear different, depending on gender stereotypes. While men value a commitment based on their own investments, women prefer a commitment focused on investments which are confered to them. In this sense, the organizational socialization practices seem essential for women.This work also highlights the limits of comparative approaches to identify gender differences and demonstrates the importance of separating men and women when seeking to bring out predictive models of turnover intention.

Serving as an unfortunate benchmark for the twenty-first century, 9/11 has completely altered society’s perceptions of personal safety, security and social identity, along with provoking intense emotional reactions. One outlet for these resulting emotions has been through art and literature. Five years have since passed and contemporary authors are still struggling to accurately represent that tragic day and its consequent impression. This paper provides an analysis of how the events of 9/11 have been incorporated into adult fiction. Variations of themes related to psychology, interpersonal relationships, political and social perspectives, and heroism were found to be used most frequently among authors.

Despite a well-documented gender pattern of adolescent mental health, public health research investigating possible influencing factors from a gender-theoretical approach is scarce. This study aimed to explore what factors and circumstances are related to adolescent mental health and to apply a gender analysis to the findings in order to improve the understanding of the relationships between life circumstances and the gendered patterning of mental health among young people.   The study population was 16-19-year-old Swedish students and data was collected by means of focus groups (N=29) and self-administered questionnaires (N=1,663, 78.3% response rate) in school settings. Mental health problems were defined in a broad sense including the adolescents’ own understandings, perceived stress, psychological distress and deliberate self-harm.   The mental health problems of perceived stress, psychological distress and deliberate self-harm were twice as common among girls as boys. The findings suggest that adolescent mental health is associated with the life circumstances of social relationships, demands and responsibility taking and experiences of violence and harassment.  Supportive relationships with friends, family and teachers were found to be of importance to positive mental health, whereas poor social relationships, loneliness and lack of influence were associated with mental health problems.  Perceived demands and responsibility taking regarding school work, relationships, future plans, appearance and financial issues were strongly related to mental health problems, particularly among girls regardless of social class. The results indicate that physical violence, sexual assault, bullying and sexual harassment are severe risk factors for mental health problems in young people. Boys and girls experienced different types of violence, and the victim-perpetrator relationships of physical violence differed. These diverging experiences appeared to influence the associations with mental health problems in boys and girls.   A gender analysis provides the tools to gain knowledge about the ways that boys’ and girls’ lives are shaped by gender relations and constructions at different levels in society and how these life circumstances represent risk- or protective factors for mental health. For example, unequal power structures and the ways girls are expected to ‘do’ femininity likely influence their life circumstances in ways that place them at greater risk of mental health problems. Hegemonic constructions of masculinity and advantaged positions likely contribute to life circumstances that are positive for mental health but are also implying risk factors for poor mental health among boys, e.g., violence. It is also important to recognise how the intertwined cultural and structural aspects of gender and social class influence the lives and mental health of boys and girls. In conclusion, gendered and class-related mechanisms at the different levels in society influence the distribution of risk factors unevenly among boys and girls, which could be a possible explanation for the gender differences in reports of perceived stress, psychological distress and deliberate self-harm.   The likelihood of gender and socioeconomic differences in mental health problems should be taken into account in prevention and health promotion strategies at all levels in society. A greater awareness about gender relations and the gendered social circumstances under which young people live is required. The school environment is an important arena with respect to prevention and health promotion. There is also a need for a joint action against violence and harassment at all levels in society. Implications do not only concern young people; social policy and legislation should focus on reducing gender and class inequalities in general. / Sammanfattning Svensk titel: Livsvillkor och ungdomars psykiska hälsa: uppfattningar, associationer och en genusanalys.   Trots ett väldokumenterat genusmönster i ungdomars psykiska hälsa finns det en kunskapslucka i den folkhälsovetenskapliga forskningen avseende genusteoretiska analyser av sambanden mellan ungas livsvillkor och psykisk hälsa. Föreliggande studie syftade till att undersöka vilka faktorer och omständigheter som är relaterade till psykiska problem, samt att analysera fynden ur ett genusperspektiv för att fördjupa förståelsen av relationerna mellan ungas livsvillkor och genusmönster i psykiska hälsa.   Studiepopulationen var gymnasielever i åldern 16-19 år. Studien genomfördes i skolmiljö och data insamlades genom fokusgrupper (N=29) och en enkätstudie (N=1,663, 78.3% svarsfrekvens). En bred definition av psykisk ohälsa tillämpades vilken representerades av ungdomarnas egen förståelse, samt de psykiska problemen upplevd stress, psykiska besvär samt självskadebeteende.   Resultaten visade att stress, psykiska besvär och självskadebeteende var dubbelt så vanligt bland flickor som bland pojkar. Psykiska problem var relaterade till livsvillkoren sociala relationer, krav och ansvarstagande samt utsatthet för våld och trakasserier. Stödjande relationer med vänner, familj och lärare var av stor betydelse för psykisk hälsa medan dåliga relationer, ensamhet och brist på inflytande var relaterat till psykiska problem. Psykiska problem var starkt kopplade till erfarenheter av höga krav och ansvarstagande avseende skolarbete, relationer, framtidsplaner, utseende och ekonomi, i synnerhet bland flickor oavsett socioekonomisk bakgrund. Resultaten indikerar att olika former av våld och trakasserier är allvarliga riskfaktorer för psykiska problem och att flickors och pojkars skiljda erfarenheter av olika former av våld samt relationen till förövaren, kan vara relaterade till skillnader i psykiska problem.   Genusanalysen av resultaten föreslår att flickors livsvillkor påverkas av ojämlika maktstrukturer och konstruktioner av femininitet och att dessa livsvillkor bidrar till en ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa bland flickor. Livsvillkor kopplade till manlig överordning och hegemoniska konstruktioner av maskulinitet influerar sannolikt pojkars psykiska hälsa positivt. Dessa villkor kan dock också innebära risk faktorer för psykiska problem, t.ex. i fråga om våld. Studien uppmärksammar även hur kulturella och strukturella aspekter av både genus och social klass kan påverka livsvillkor och psykisk hälsa för pojkar och flickor. Studiens slutsats är att genusifierade och klassrelaterade mekanismer på olika nivåer i samhället bidrar till en skev fördelning av riskfaktorer för psykiska problem vilket kan vara en möjlig förklaring till skillnaderna mellan pojkar och flickor i fråga om upplevd stress, psykiska besvär och självskadebeteende.   Genus- och socioekonomiska skillnader i psykiska problem bör tas i beaktande i preventivt och hälsofrämjande arbete på alla nivåer i samhället. Detsamma gäller för en ökad medvetenhet om hur ungas livsvillkor är relaterade till psykisk hälsa och hur dessa villkor är genus- och klassrelaterade. Studien uppmärksammar skolan som en viktig arena för preventivt och hälsofrämjande arbete samt att gemensamma insatser krävs på olika arenor för att motverka våld och trakasserier. Implikationer av studien omfattar även generella samhällspolitiska insatser för minskad ojämlikhet. Nyckelord: Stress; psykiska besvär; självskadebeteende; gymnasieelever; maskulinitet; femininitet; sociala determinanter; sociala relationer; krav; ansvarstagande; våld och trakasserier; skola. / Forskarutbildningsämne: Hälsovetenskap.

Syftet med denna studie är att genom kvalitativa intervjuer beskriva upplevelser och erfarenheter av medierad social interaktion på Internet för klienter på behandlingshem för missbrukare. Vi ville undersöka hur detta påverkar klienternas möjligheter att förändra sina liv, identitetsskapande och sociala relationer. Vi genomförde enskilda intervjuer med tre personer som jobbar på ett behandlingshem där klienterna har fri tillgång till Internet och med en klient på samma behandlingshem, samt gruppintervjuer med sammanlagt sju personer som hade varierande erfarenhet av behandlingshem. Resultatet visar en allmän negativ syn på medierad social interaktion under behandlingstiden. Den största risken som lyfts fram under intervjuerna är att Internet försvårar för klienterna att bryta med missbruksvärlden. Kontakt med vänner och bekanta i missbruksvärlden kan leda till att klienten avbryter sin behandling. Andra risker som vårt resultat visar är att klienterna lätt kan beställa droger på Internet, att man inte fokuserar på behandlingen och att det blir svårare att bygga upp en identitet och gemenskap i den nyktra världen. / The purpose of this study is to, by using qualitative interviews, describe experiences of mediated social interaction on the Internet for clients in drug treatment. We wanted to examine how this affects clients' ability to change their lives, their identity and social relations. We conducted individual interviews with three people who work at a treatment center where clients have free access to the Internet and with one client on the same centre, and group interviews with a total of seven people who had varied experience in drugtreatment. The results show a general negative view of mediated social interaction during the treatment. The main risk is that clients need to break their connection to “the addiction world” and the Internet complicates this. Contact with friends and acquaintances in “the addiction world” may lead to the client interrupting his or hers treatment. Other risks that our results show is that clients can easily order drugs on the Internet, that you do not focus on the treatment and it makes it more difficult to build an identity and to be part of a community in the sober world.

本研究旨在探討網路信任問題，先從網路人類學研究方法開始，找出網路言論可信度的前置變數。根據質性研究結果，發現網站特質、發言人特質、言論內容為可能影響網路言論可信度之變數。並依據此結果進行初步的量化問卷調查，在380份有效樣本中找出明確的影響因素，再同時進行兩個實驗研究，以確認各主要變數間的關係。 研究發現，言論內容提供正面資訊或負面資訊、以及言論內容與發言網友之間熟識程度的交互作用將影響消費者對網路言論的信任程度；而產品特質之差異會干擾上述變數對網路言論信任的影響程度。 / In this research, we try to explore the determinants of online information trust and the relationships between information trust and product attitude. In Study 1, we explored the online information trust by a qualitative research method, Netnography, to understand and shape the basic rationale of the determinants of online information trust. Then we employed an empirical survey on consumers to examine the proposed determinants of online information trust. We ranked the relative trust levels of the determinants, and explored the moderating differences existing between experience goods and credence goods. In the last study, two experiments using 2 (message statements: positive vs. negative) × 2 (perceived social relationships: strong vs. weak) between group factorial design were conducted to examine the causal relations among determinants, online information trust, attitude, and purchase intention. The moderating effects of product categories were examined, too.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama senų ir pagyvenusių asmenų socialiniai ryšiai ir jų priklausomybė nuo gyvenimo kokybės. Darbo tikslas — ištirti Vilniaus miesto senų ir pagyvenusių asmenų socialinius ryšius ir nustatyti jų ryšį su gyvenimo kokybe. Tikslui pasiekti numatyti šie darbo uždaviniai: 1) Remiantis literatūros šaltiniais išanalizuoti senų ir pagyvenusių asmenų palaikomų socialinių ryšių ypatybes bei jų gyvenimo kokybės aspektus; 2) Įvertinti senų ir pagyvenusių asmenų palaikomus socialinius ryšius, bei atlikti socialinių ryšių priklausomybės nuo gyvenimo kokybės analizę; 3) Parengti rekomendacijas apie senų ir pagyvenusių asmenų socialinius ryšius, jų palaikymą bei juos įtakojančius veiksnius darbuotojams, bei įstaigoms, teikiančioms seniems ir pagyvenusiems asmenims paslaugas namuose. Tyrimo objektas — senų ir pagyvenusių asmenų socialiniai ryšiai. Tyrimas atliktas apklausiant Vilniaus miesto socialinės paramos centro Pagalbos į namus skyriaus paslaugų gavėjus — tyrimo metu buvo naudojama respondentų kiekybinės apklausos anketa. Didžioji dalis tyrime dalyvavusių asmenų yra vieniši (78,3 proc.), tyrimo dalyvių amžius pasiskirstęs nuo 60 iki 95 metų amžiaus. Darbe aptariamas gyventojų senėjimas, situacija Lietuvoje, bei požiūris į senus ir pagyvenusius asmenis, senų ir pagyvenusių asmenų socialinių ryšių ypatybės, jų palaikymą įtakojantys veiksniai, senų vaidmenų praradimas ir perėjimas prie naujų. Taip pat aptariami ir gyvenimo kokybės aspektai, veiksniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Social relationships and theirs dependence on quality of life is analyzing in this Master Study. The purpose of this study is to analyze old and elderly people of Vilnius city socials relationships and to condition their dependence on quality of life. These tasks are setting to reach the study purpose: 1) to analyze nonfiction of old and elderly people supportive social relationships points and their quality of life dimensions; (2) to evaluate supportive social relationships of old and elderly people and to do analysis of social relationships dependence on quality of life; (3) to give recommendation for workers and institutions, which are organizing service at home for old and elderly people about their social relationships, social relationships keeping and subjects, which influence to social relationships. The Object of this study is social relationships of old and elderly people. The service‘s recipients of Helping ant home section of Vilnius city Social Support Centre were interviewed. The quantitative questionnaire was using in this study. The most part of questioning’s participants were lonely people (78.3 %). The questioning’s participant’s age was range from 60 to 95 years old. In this study are discussing the ageing of population, situation of Lithuania, attitude to old and elderly people, social relationships points of old and elderly people, subjects which influence to social relationships keeping, also the loss of old roles and transit to new roles. There are... [to full text]

Ce travail de recherche cherche à répondre à deux questions : Quels sont les liens sociaux liant les maîtres et ingénus aux dépendants, sont-ils plus importants entre ingénus et affranchis qu’entre ingénus et esclaves? Ont-ils une influence positive sur l’affranchissement des esclaves dans la Correspondance de Cicéron ? Cette étude évolue par thème, passant des liens amicaux, matrimoniaux, sexuels aux évaluations des maîtres et des patrons sur leurs esclaves et affranchis. Avant la conclusion, quelques pages seront également dévolues aux esclaves et affranchis absents de la Correspondance pour expliquer cette absence et les situer dans le contexte de la fin de la République romaine. L’étude des liens sociaux liant les dépendants aux maîtres, patrons et ingénus, dans une approche soulignant les liens amicaux, affectifs, maritaux et sexuels plutôt que les liens sociaux purement juridiques, a permis de prouver l’existence assez fréquente de liens amicaux et affectifs entre les dépendants (esclaves et affranchis) et les maîtres, les patrons et les ingénus dans la Correspondance. L’étude de la Correspondance démontre également que ses liens amicaux et affectifs étaient plus nombreux et plus soutenus entre affranchis et ingénus qu’entre ingénus et esclave, mettant en lumière l’importance des liens d’amitié et d’affection dans le processus d’affranchissement de certains esclaves. / This paper will answer these questions: What were the social relationships between Roman masters/ingenui and slaves/freedmen? Were these relationships more often between ingenui and freedmen than ingenui and slaves? Did these relationships influence positively the slaves’ manumission in Cicero’s Letters? This paper will index and analyse the social relationships between ingenui and slaves/freedmen in the Letters. By social relationships, are meant friendships, marriage ties, sexual relations, masters’ and patrons’ estimation of their slaves/freedmen behaviours. Some pages will be devoted to the slaves and freedmen not mentioned in the Letters to explain this absence in the context of Rome in the last century BC. The study of social relationships between slaves/freedmen and masters, patrons and ingenui, in a social approach rather than a purely legal one, permitted the conclusion that friendships and affection often existed between slaves/freedmen and their masters/patrons or other ingenui of the Letters. In addition, this study proves that friendships and affectionate ties were more numerous and lasting between ingenui and freedmen than between ingenui and slaves. Accordingly, I defend the importance of friendships and affections ties in the manumission’s strategies of certain slaves.