Den politiska majoriteten i Stockholms stad beslutade 2019 att alla kommunala skolor senast hösten 2023 ska ha inrättat en lokal särskild undervisningsgrupp. Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga om och i så fall hur särskilda undervisningsgrupper har organiserats och hur de används på mellan- och högstadiet i Stockholms stads grundskolor. Studien är kvantitativ och den övergripande teorin beskrivs som en sociokulturell ram runt ett specialpedagogiskt perspektiv som innehåller både ett kompensatoriskt och kritiskt synsätt och som tillsammans bildar ett dilemmaperspektiv.  Respondenter utgjordes av rektorer och/eller organisatoriskt ansvariga för särskilda undervisnings grupper inom Stockholms stads kommunala grundskolor och datainsamlingsmetoden var en digital enkät. Enkäten skickades till samtliga 57 kommunala mellan- och högstadieskolor och 19 skolor valde att svara. Insamlad empiri sorterades utifrån studiens frågeställningar, analyserades med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik och presenterades i tabell- och diagramform. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av skolorna hade flera särskilda undervisningsgrupper och att det oftast var biträdande rektor som hade det organisatoriska ansvaret för dessa grupper. De kompetenser som i hög grad var representerade i skolornas undervisningsgrupper var grundskollärare och ämneslärare. De vanligaste orsakerna till att elever hade helt eller delar av sin undervisning i särskilda undervisningsgrupper var beslut om särskilt stöd och hög skolfrånvaro. Studien visade även på att pojkar var överrepresenterade i dessa grupper och att den här sortens särskilda stödinsats ökar med stigande ålder. / The political majority in the city of Stockholm decided in 2019 that all municipal schools must have established a local special teaching group by autumn 2023 at the latest. The purpose of this study was to survey how, and if, special teaching groups have been organized and how they are used at Stockholm's elementary schools. The study uses a quantitative method and the overall theory is described as a socio-cultural framework around a special educational perspective that contains both a compensatory and critical approach and which together form a dilemma perspective. Respondents consisted of principals and/or organizationally responsible for special teaching groups from the municipal elementary schools in the city of Stockholm, and the data collection method was a digital survey. The questionnaire was sent to all 57 municipal elementary schools and 19 schools chose to respond. Collected empirical evidence was sorted based on the study's questions, analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in table and diagram form. The results showed that the majority of schools had several special teaching groups and that it was usually the assistant principal who had the organizational responsibility for these groups. The competencies that are highly represented in the schools' teaching groups were primary school teachers and subject teachers. The most common reasons why students had all or parts of their education in special teaching groups were decisions on special support and high absence from school. The survey also shows that boys were overrepresented in these groups and that this type of special support effort increases with increasing age.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Nursing education is faced with addressing the challenge of educational reform as a result of the rapid changes in the complexity of health care delivery systems, increased technology and biomedical knowledge, a shortage in nursing faculty, and increased enrollment in schools of nursing. Although national nursing organizations have called for reform and innovation in nursing education little is known about the factors that are related to educators’ adoption of such changes. The purpose of this descriptive, exploratory, correlational, survey study was to explore the adoption of socioculturally-based teaching strategies (SCBTS) by examining the following variables in relation to their adoption using Everett Rogers’ diffusion of innovations model: (a) clinical nurse educators’ perceived characteristics of SCBTS, (b) clinical nurse educators’ perceived organizational support for innovation, and (c) selected demographic characteristics. Minimal research has been conducted regarding the factors related to clinical nurse educators’ adoption of SCBTS, which may better prepare nurse graduates for today’s health care system. Findings from this study suggest that adoption is not straightforward, but the perceived characteristics of teaching strategies play an important role in the clinical nurse educator’s decision to adopt or not adopt SCBTS. Rogers’ model was partially supported based on the findings that clinical nurse educators were more likely to adopt a teaching strategy if it was perceived to be advantageous, compatible, and not too complex. On the other hand, clinical nurse educators were more likely not to adopt teaching strategies that they must “try out” or that must be observable by others, which was not supportive of Rogers’ model. Adopters of SCBTS were more experienced clinical educators who felt supported by their academic organizations in terms of innovation; however organizational support for innovations was not associated with adoption of the teaching strategies. Holding a certificate in a nursing specialty, the type of program in which the educator taught, and the age of the educator were not associated with the adoption of SCBTS. Future research using Rogers’ model or other appropriate models is called for to further explore the adoption of SCBTS by clinical nurse educators.

Studien har sin utgångspunkt i den sociokulturella teorin och har som syfte att undersöka lärares syn på utforskande samtal i svenskundervisningen i lågstadiet. I intervjuer med tre lågstadielärare ställdes frågor om hur utforskande samtal genomförs, vilken roll läraren har när de genomförs och hur de påverkar elevers språk- och kunskapsutveckling. Transkriptioner av intervjumaterialet är analyserat med en innehållsanalys och tolkats genom de sociokulturella begreppen; mediering, stöttning, appropriering och den proximala utvecklingszonen. Genom analysen kunde vi identifiera att utforskande samtal oftast sker spontant och genom olika samtalsmodeller. Stöttning identifierades som centralt för att genomföra utforskande samtal. Språk- och kunskapsutvecklingen leds framåt när elever behärskar de verktyg som används och när de blir utmanade på rätt nivå. Vidare tycks utforskande samtal leda till ökad motivation och utvecklandet av elevers kommunikativa förmåga.

Studiens syfte är att studera lärares uppfattningar om betydelsen av dialogisk högläsning för elevers språkutveckling samt hur de tillämpar metoden i praktiken. En kvalitativ metod används i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare som arbetar på grundskolans årskurser F-3. Det sociokulturella perspektivet ligger till grund för studien då teorin beskrivs som en social och interaktiv process mellan människor där människorna konstruerar sina kunskaper tillsammans. Resultatet visar att lärare anser att dialogisk högläsning är viktigt för elevers språkutveckling då det medför många positiva fördelar, exempelvis träning av elevernas arbetsminne och ökning av deras ordförråd genom verbalt uttryckande. De arbetar olika under lektionens gång. Några av lärarna arbetar med kooperativ lärande vilket innebär att man arbetar i par/ grupp, medan andra jobbar mer med uppgifter kopplat till boken. En utmaning som de flesta lärare uppgav med dialogisk högläsning är att det kan bli för uttjatat om man har dialogisk högläsning för ofta och svårt att få med alla elever i samtalen. / The purpose of the study is to examine teachers' perceptions of the importance of dialogic reading for students' language development, as well as how they apply the method in practice. A qualitative method is used in the form of semi-structured interviews with teachers working in grades F-3 in primary school. The sociocultural perspective underlies the study as the theory describes a social and interactive process between people where people construct their knowledge together. The results show that teachers consider dialogic reading important for students' language development as it brings many positive benefits, for instans training students' working memory and increasing their vocabulary through verbal expression. They work differently during the lesson. Some teachers work with cooperative learning, which means working in pairs/groups, while others work more with tasks related to the book. A challenge that most teachers mentioned with dialogic reading is that it can become too repetitive if used too often and it can be difficult to engage all students in the conversation.

Dans och drama är viktiga delar i vad estetiska ämnen erbjuder men trots detta uteblir de från många förskolor, används sporadiskt eller bara som hjälpmedel för att undervisa andra ämnen. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera hur förskollärarna och kulturpedagogerna beskriver användningen av estetiska uttrycksformer som dans och drama i undervisningen och varför dessa estetiska uttrycksformer ofta uteblir. Den sociokulturella teorin med tillhörande begrepp som närmaste utvecklingszon, appropriering samt mediering och artefakter står för studiens teoretiska ramverk. Studien grundar sig på intervjuer med förskollärare och kulturpedagoger. Intervjuerna har jämförts och skillnader samt likheter har kategoriserats för att nyansera olika sätt att använda dans och drama i undervisningen samt för att finna orsakerna till varför dessa inte används lika frekvent som andra estetiska uttrycksformer. Det insamlade materialet transkriberades och analyserades utifrån en tematisk analys och delades in i tre olika tematiseringar. Resultatet visade att beroende på tidigare erfarenheter och kunskap påverkas sättet samt i vilken utsträckning dans och drama används i undervisningen. Vidare har den politiska styrningen lett till att kulturella erfarenheter liknande de som kulturpedagogerna utövar blir allt mer sällsynta.

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This dissertation examines the developing understandings of teacher candidates being prepared to teach ELs in general education PreK-12 classrooms. As the ethnic and linguistic diversity in U.S. classrooms continue to increase, it is crucial that teacher candidates receive high-quality, effective training in teaching culturally and linguistically diverse learners. Relatively few states currently require general education preservice teachers to participate in any formal training related to teaching ELs. The states that do have requirements and the teacher education programs within those states have the potential to provide valuable data on how the training being provided mediates the meaning making of teacher candidates preparing to enter the field of teaching. Conducted during the fall of 2016 and using survey data, class assignments, interviews, and fieldwork observations from 11 preservice teachers (eight early childhood majors; three secondary education majors), this study describes patterns in the ways that the teacher candidates made sense of artifacts (e.g., articles, experiences, interactions) available to them in a state-mandated undergraduate foundational course on teaching ELs and the accompanying fieldwork. The study uses sociocultural theory to explore how the teacher candidates use course and fieldwork artifacts to learn about ELs and about teaching ELs. By gathering data from early in the course through the end of the course, this study is able to describe the perspective transformation experienced by most of the focal participants, providing evidence of increased empathy, more nuanced beliefs, and new strategies for differentiating instruction for ELs. Despite having differing backgrounds (e.g., their race, language(s), hometown, crosscultural and crosslinguistic experiences), differing goals (e.g., their college major, anticipated areas of certification, preferred teaching position, preferred region or school district, perceived likelihood that they would teach ELs in the future), and differing orientations toward ELs at the beginning of the course (e.g., positive, ambivalent), the preservice teachers identified many of the same artifacts as mediating changes in their development. These artifacts fall into the broad categories of ELs’ stories and experiences, repeated interactions with ELs, and opportunities for application. This study suggests, therefore, that the efficacy of such courses may increase with the inclusion of the following artifacts: (a) stories, simulations, and videos from ELs’ perspectives; (b) a fieldwork component in which teacher candidates actively engage with ELs; and (c) opportunities for teacher candidates to put their developing cognition into practice through course assignments and teaching in the field. Finally, this study makes suggestions for studying the long-term study of teacher candidates’ ongoing development. / Applied Linguistics