<p>Den här studien handlar om specialpedagogens roll som handledare i skolan. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om specialpedagoger handleder andra pedagoger och i så fall i vilken omfattning. Jag vill också ta reda på specialpedagogers, rektorers och andra pedagogers inställning till specialpedagoger som handledare. Studien genomförs med hjälp av intervjuer och enkäter till specialpedagoger, rektorer och andra pedagoger i en mellanstor svensk kommun. Jag har valt att använda diskursanalys för att analysera och tolka mina resultat. Sammanfattningsvis pekar resultaten i min studie på att kommunens specialpedagoger handleder i mycket liten omfattning, men är positiva till att handleda. Rektorerna har en vision om att specialpedagogerna ska arbeta mer utifrån intentionerna i deras utbildning, men verkligheten ser inte ut så. Övriga pedagoger i skolan har liten erfarenhet av handledning och alla är inte positiva till specialpedagogen som handledare.</p>

Den här studien handlar om specialpedagogens roll som handledare i skolan. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om specialpedagoger handleder andra pedagoger och i så fall i vilken omfattning. Jag vill också ta reda på specialpedagogers, rektorers och andra pedagogers inställning till specialpedagoger som handledare. Studien genomförs med hjälp av intervjuer och enkäter till specialpedagoger, rektorer och andra pedagoger i en mellanstor svensk kommun. Jag har valt att använda diskursanalys för att analysera och tolka mina resultat. Sammanfattningsvis pekar resultaten i min studie på att kommunens specialpedagoger handleder i mycket liten omfattning, men är positiva till att handleda. Rektorerna har en vision om att specialpedagogerna ska arbeta mer utifrån intentionerna i deras utbildning, men verkligheten ser inte ut så. Övriga pedagoger i skolan har liten erfarenhet av handledning och alla är inte positiva till specialpedagogen som handledare.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka specialpedagogers tankar kring hur förskolans arbetssätt kan anpassas för att ge stöd till barn som far illa och underlätta tidig upptäckt. Som metod har semistrukturerad intervju använts. Sex specialpedagoger med grundutbildning som förskollärare deltog. Som hjälpmedel användes fallbeskrivningar att reflektera kring och resonera om. Studien visar att specialpedagogerna i undersökningen anser att förskolan spelar en viktig roll för barn som far illa och deras utveckling. Personalens förhållningssätt till barnen och deras föräldrar är avgörande för att skapa goda relationer. Studien visar även att anmälningsfrekvensen i förskolan när det gäller barn som far illa är låg. Vanliga anledningar till detta är obehagskänsla och bristande kunskap hos personalen. Förskolepersonal har stora möjligheter att upptäcka barn som far illa och de har anmälningsskyldighet. Från specialpedagogers och övrig förskolepersonals sida finns ofta ett missnöje med samverkan med socialtjänsten, och man önskar att denna skulle kunna förbättras. Samverkan ökar kunskap och underlättar för arbete med barn och familj. / The aim of this study is to investigate special educators’ thoughts about how the work of preschool can be adjusted to give support to mistreated children and facilitate early discovery. A semi-structured interview has been used as method. Six special educators with preschool teaching as a basic education participated. Case reports to reflect and reason around were used as tools. The study shows that the special educators consider that the preschool plays a big part for mistreated children and their development. The staffs´ approach to children and their parents is essential to create good relations.

In order for special educators and specialist teachers to be able to support multilingual students, a mapping system is needed in the student’s mother tongue. It’s needed because special educators and specialist teachers should, in the best possible way, be able to assess and offer the support that a multilingual student need. The purpose of the study is to analyze in detail how special educators and specialist teachers work to support multilingual students who have dyslexia. The study has the socio-cultural perspective as a theoretical starting point and the reason for that is that the socio-cultural perspective focuses on learning and the learning of individuals in social contexts. The scientific approach that becomes current and applied in the study is qualitative research method and the applicable method is semi- structured qualitative interview, where four special educators and two specialist teachers are interviewed regarding their work to support multilingual students with dyslexia. The result of the study is that screening tests can determine if a student has dyslexia and therefore assess the support that is required. If a student has dyslexia in Swedish, the student will also have it in their mother tongue. Since the tests are performed in Swedish, in order to be able to process dyslexia in the best possible way, you have to map the difficulty in both the students mother tongue and Swedish.

The thesis deals with problems of burnout among special educators working in special primary schools with students with multiple disabilities. There are defined basic concepts in the theoretical part of the work - burn-out syndrome, its symptoms, causes and stages of development. Separate chapters are devoted to the diagnosis of burn-out syndrome and prevention. Furthermore, the concept of a special educator and a multiple disability is explained in the theoretical section and a special primary school is described here. The practical part focuses on quantitative research into burn-out syndrome in two selected groups - special educators in special primary schools and teachers in ordinary primary schools. The results of the investigation are then compared with each other.

Inclusion classrooms were introduced in the United States in 1990 when the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act required that special education students be instructed in a general education setting. Ensuing changes in instructional formats have caused role confusion for special and general education teachers, resulted in mixed attitudes toward teacher responsibilities, and lowered teachers' sense of efficacy about being able to teach their students. Guided by Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory, this bounded case study design in a rural elementary school in a southeastern state was used to understand the perceptions of general and special educators regarding their work in inclusive co teaching environments and how their perceptions influenced teaching methods and student learning in the inclusion classroom. Data collection consisted of interviews and observations with a purposeful sample of 8 general and 3 special education teachers, grades 3-5, who had participated in co-teaching during the past 2 years. Data were coded and 6 themes were found. Themes that emerged included teachers' needs for collaboration, shared responsibilities, common planning time, and professional development. Other themes involved understandings of teacher attitudes toward co teaching, the components of student success, and the basis for administrative decisions. A professional development project based on the findings was designed to address needs, attitudes, and understandings of special and general education teachers in inclusive classroom settings. This project may foster positive social change by providing a vehicle to assist general education and special education teachers so that they can work together with confidence and cooperation to enhance learning for all students, regardless of their abilities.

Oι εκπαιδευτικοί Ειδικής Αγωγής, η διερεύνηση των αναγκών τους και οι προκλήσεις που αντιμετωπίζουν αποτελούν ίσως ένα από τα πιο πολύπλευρα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα. Είναι γεγονός πως στην Ελλάδα δεν έχουν αναπτυχθεί ακόμη οι κατάλληλες δομές και συνήθως οι ειδικοί παιδαγωγοί βρίσκονται αντιμέτωποι με σημαντικά ζητήματα που καλούνται μόνοι τους να επιλύσουν χωρίς συνεχή συστηματική καθοδήγηση και υποστήριξη. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας, η οποία αποτελεί μία εμπειρική προσπάθεια, είναι να διερευνηθούν τα προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζουν οι Ειδικοί παιδαγωγοί, απαντώντας σε μία σειρά ερωτήσεων αναπτυγμένων σε θεματικούς άξονες που σχετίζονται με την ψυχολογική και ηθική τους υποστήριξη από τους αρμόδιους φορείς και την κοινωνία. Συγκεκριμένα, ιδιαίτερη έμφαση θα δοθεί στα προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζουν στις τάξεις τους από την έλλειψη υλικοτεχνικής υποδομής, αναλυτικών προγραμμάτων και εποπτικών μέσων, στις απόψεις τους σχετικά με την ένταξη, στο επίπεδο συνεργασίας με τους συναδέλφους και τους γονείς των μαθητών τους, στην ανάγκη τους για επιμόρφωση και περαιτέρω εξειδίκευση, στο βαθμό της ικανοποίησής τους από την άσκηση του επαγγέλματός τους και στα συναισθήματα που βιώνουν κατά τη διάρκεια του εκπαιδευτικού τους έργου. Στην παρούσα εργασία αναδεικνύεται ο πολλαπλός ρόλος που καλείται να διαδραματίσει ο εκπαιδευτικός Ειδικής Αγωγής, καθώς επιφορτίζεται με όλο και αυξανόμενα καθήκοντα και υποχρεώσεις, αρμοδιότητες και ευθύνες λόγω των ιδιαίτερων αναγκών των μαθητών. Υπάρχει η κατάλληλη ευαισθητοποίηση και μέριμνα για την προάσπιση των δικαιωμάτων των μαθητών με Ειδικές Εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες, αλλά και των Εκπαιδευτικών τους, οι οποίοι είναι οι αρωγοί της γνωστικής, συναισθηματικής ανάπτυξης και κοινωνικής αλληλεπίδρασής τους από το μέρος της Πολιτείας με τη δημιουργία του κατάλληλου μαθησιακού περιβάλλοντος; Στις περισσότερες έρευνες ο εκπαιδευτικός εξετάζεται βάσει των πρακτικών που αναπτύσσει μέσα στην τάξη του, θεωρώντας όμως πως πρέπει να αντιμετωπίζεται ως μία αυτοτελής προσωπικότητα θα ήταν θεμιτό αν μπορούσαν να εξεταστούν όλοι οι παράγοντες, ψυχολογικοί ή κοινωνικοί που επηρεάζουν το έργο του και επιδρούν στην αποκρυστάλλωση των απόψεών του ιδωμένοι μέσα από την πορεία και εξέλιξη της Ειδικής Αγωγής στην Ελλάδα. Αναφορικά με το ερευνητικό κομμάτι, εξετάστηκαν οι απόψεις 12 Ειδικών Παιδαγωγών εργαζόμενων σε σχολεία Ειδικής Αγωγής ή σε τμήματα ένταξης επάνω σε οκτώ θεματικούς άξονες μέσω ημι-δομημένων συνεντεύξεων. Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον δόθηκε στα συναισθήματα που βιώνουν ως εκπαιδευτικοί ατόμων με Ειδικές Εκπαιδευτικές Ανάγκες, τα οποία επιδρούν στη διδασκαλία τους. Επιπλέον, ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δόθηκε στο επίπεδο κατάρτισης και εξειδίκευσής τους, στις απόψεις τους για την ένταξη στα κοινά σχολεία και τους ανασταλτικούς παράγοντες που αποτελούν τροχοπέδη στην άσκηση του διδακτικού τους έργου, στα επίπεδα συνεργασίας τους με τους συναδέλφους, τη διεπιστημονική ομάδα και τους γονείς των μαθητών τους και στις προτάσεις τους για την εξυγίανση του χώρου της Ειδικής Αγωγής. Από τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν μετά από το στάδιο της ανάλυσης του περιεχομένου φαίνεται ότι τα σχολεία δε διαθέτουν την κατάλληλη οργανωτική υποδομή για να εκπαιδεύσουν τα παιδιά με Ειδικές Εκπαιδευτικές Ανάγκες. Επιπλέον, αρκετοί από αυτούς, δεν έχουν καταρτιστεί επαρκώς σε ζητήματα Ειδικής Αγωγής, ενώ οι απόψεις τους για τη σπουδαιότητα της ανάπτυξης συνεργατικών δομών στο σχολείο, εμφανίζουν ασυνέπεια ως προς τις πρακτικές που ακολουθούν και αυτό που πραγματικά ισχύει στην καθημερινότητά τους. Οι εκπαιδευτικοί αντιμετωπίζοντας τις δύσκολες εργασιακές καταστάσεις, τα δύσκαμπτα αναλυτικά προγράμματα, την ανυπαρξία υποστήριξης από τους αρμόδιους φορείς, τη μη κατοχύρωση των εργασιακών τους δικαιωμάτων και την έλλειψη ευαισθητοποίησης από την κοινωνία ως προς το εκπαιδευτικό τους έργο, αγωνίζονται και προσπαθούν με τα λιγοστά μέσα που διαθέτουν να αντισταθούν στους χαλεπούς καιρούς και να εκπαιδεύσουν τους μαθητές με Ειδικές Εκπαιδευτικές Ανάγκες. Το ελπιδοφόρο πάντως είναι ότι η νέα γενιά εκπαιδευτικών οραματίζεται, επινοεί, καινοτομεί, αγαπά το επάγγελμά του και με διαρκή προσπάθεια μάχεται ενάντια σε κάθε δυσμενή κατάσταση. / Special Education Teachers, the investigation of their needs and the challenges they face, are probably one of the most versatile research questions. In Greece appropriate structures have even developed and special educators are often faced with insurmountable issues and they are not provided with any systematic guidance and support. This present study is a pilot effort to explore the problems faced by special educators in response to a series of questions developed in thematic areas related to the psychological and moral support from stakeholders, society, as well as the problems faced in their classrooms due to the lack of logistical, curricula and teaching aids. Furthermore the teachers’ views on integration, the level of cooperation with colleagues and parents, their need for further training and specialization, the degree of satisfaction with the exercise of their profession are also analyzed in this study. In this paper the multiple role to play as special education teacher is highlighted as they are charged with growing responsibilities and duties, due to the specialised needs of students. It will also determine the degree of development and the steps that have taken place in Special Education on behalf of the State. It will also be examined if proper awareness and care has been developed to protect the rights not only of the students with special educational needs, but also of their teachers, who are helpers of cognitive, emotional development and social interaction. In most studies the teacher is examined on the basis of the practices developed in the classroom, considering that should be seen as a totality, a self-existent entity. Though, it would be legitimate if they could consider all factors, psychological or social work that affect and influence the crystallization of views seen through the course and development of special education in Greece.

The present study was linked to education and research line of Arts PPGE/UFSM and FAPEM research group: training, action and research in music education. It aimed to understand how the special educators, who teach in schools of basic education of Santa Maria, understand and use music in their teaching practices. The specific objectives are: (a) to investigate how the special educator includes music in his teaching practice and (b) to know the job type of music that is performed by the special educator. A qualitative research was carried out through interviews with fifteen special educator focused on schools of basic education of Santa Maria. The analysis of interviews came from two categories that comprise the speeches of special educators: understanding of music and acting with music in teaching. Being divided into two parts, the dissertation, at first, presents the special education, through the historic paths and musical education directed to people with disabilities. Secondly, the development of research is presented. At the end of this survey, it can be seen that the music is present in the practices of those special education teachers interviewed, in different shapes and intentions. / O presente estudo esteve vinculado à linha de pesquisa Educação e Artes do PPGE/UFSM e ao grupo de pesquisas FAPEM: Formação, Ação e Pesquisa em Educação Musical. Objetivou-se compreender como educadoras especiais, atuantes em escolas de Educação Básica de Santa Maria, entendem e utilizam a música em suas práticas de docência. Tomou-se por objetivos específicos (a) investigar como educadoras especiais compreendem a música em sua prática docente e (b) conhecer o tipo de trabalho de música que é realizado por educadoras especiais. A pesquisa realizada foi qualitativa através de entrevistas feitas com quinze educadoras especiais atuantes em escolas de Educação Básica da cidade de Santa Maria. A análise das entrevistas deu-se a partir de duas categorias que agrupam as falas das educadoras especiais que são: o entendimento de música e a atuação com música na docência. Estando dividida em duas partes, a dissertação, no primeiro momento, apresenta a educação especial, percorrendo os caminhos históricos e a educação musical voltada às pessoas com deficiências. No segundo momento, é apresentado o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Ao finalizar esta pesquisa, pode-se constatar que a música está presente nas práticas docentes das educadoras especiais entrevistadas, de diferentes formas e com variadas intencionalidades.

The Department of Special Education at West Virginia University offers an online graduate certification and/or degree program in six areas of specialization: (a) Autism Spectrum Disorders; (b) Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education; (c) Gifted Education; (d) Low Vision/Blindness; (e) Multicategorical Special Education; and (f) Severe/Multiple Disabilities. All courses in all program options are offered entirely online, using a combination of live online class sessions from 5-7 pm Eastern Time on alternate weeks plus multimedia content modules and other learning activities available on demand with scheduled due dates across the semester. Field and clinical experiences are arranged in the students’ home communities, with on-site supervision by local personnel and online supervision by university faculty. Students do not need to come to campus for any part of the program; they apply for admission, register, take courses, complete field and clinical experiences, seek advising, and apply for graduation online and can even participate in the graduation ceremony through a live webcast. Although this program was designed to serve prospective and practicing teachers throughout the state of West Virginia, it also enrolls students from many other states and several international locations.

Syfte med min studie är att undersöka specialpedagogers uppdrag i tre olika elevhälsoteam i samma kommun och hur specialpedagoger upplever arbetet med digitala journalsystem. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där synsättet är att lärande och kunskapsutveckling sker i interaktion med andra. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer använts som metod med fyra specialpedagoger och en rektor. Med ett hermeneutiskt synsätt har jag försökt tolka och förstå de resultat som framkommit. Resultatet av denna studie visar att administration med planering och förberedande av ärende inför elevhälsoteamens möten och dokumentation av pedagogiska dokument är vanligt förekommande uppdrag för specialpedagoger i de i studien ingående elevhälsoteam. Det specialpedagogiska perspektivet att finna alternativa vägar och lösningar för inlärning är liksom anpassad undervisning på framförallt individnivå men även gruppnivå uppdrag som genomförs ofta. Samarbete mellan specialpedagog och rektor eftertraktas av specialpedagoger i studien men det faktiska samarbetet varierar stort. Digitala journalsystem har skapat möjligheter som tidigare inte fanns och ordet tillgänglighet har fått en bred betydelse i form av tillgänglighet till arkiv, mallar och stödmaterial. Nackdelen med det digitala journalsystemet är att tillgängligheten endast gäller för medlemmar i elevhälsoteamen och inte för övrig personal som arbetar nära elever. / The purpose with my research is to investigate special educators’ tasks in three different student wellness teams and how special educators experience their work with digital journal systems. The study has a qualitative approach where semi-structured interviews were used as the method with four special educators and a principal. A hermeneutic approach is applied as the interpretative analysis of the interview data. The result of this study shows that administrative tasks and preparation of cases before student wellness teams meetings and educational documentation are common tasks for special educators for those partaking in this study. The special educator’s perspective to find alternative ways and solutions to learning is common as well as adaptive teaching, especially on an individual level but also in groups. Cooperation between special educator and principal is sought after by special educators in this study but the actual cooperation varies heavily. The digital journal system has created previously unavailable opportunities and the term availability has become a broader meaning by way of archives, templates, and support materials. The downside with the digital journal system is that availability only applies to members of the team and not to others working closely with students.