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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

Vývojová dysfázie u česky mluvících dětí předškolního věku / Specific language impairment in Czech preschool children

Matiasovitsová, Klára January 2019 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to verify sentence imitation as a clinical marker of specific language impairment while controlling memory and morphological richness account as an explanation of problems with acquisition of grammatical markers in preschool children with SLI (basis of these assumptions is explained in the theoretical part of this work). The practical part of this thesis is based on the existing research in Hungarian (Leonard et al., 2009). In contrast to results in Hungarian research the support of morphological richness account is only limited in Czech. Children with SLI were as accurate as younger typically developing children in completions of target forms of verbs and nouns, while completions of target verbs were more successful than completions of target nouns. Near miss errors were prevalent, but not without exception, and relationship between substitutions and frequency in non near-miss errors was not proved. The sentence imitation turned out as a good clinical marker of SLI.
132

Qualitätsmerkmale des Unterrichts mit sprachbeeinträchtigten Kindern: Entwicklung und Validierung eines Instrumentes zur Erfassung von Qualitätsmerkmalen des Unterrichts für sprachbeeinträchtigte Kinder

Theisel, Anja 16 April 2014 (has links)
Kinder mit Sprachentwicklungsstörungen haben besondere Bildungsbedürfnisse. Didaktisch-methodische Entscheidungen für die Unterrichtsgestaltung müssen sich an den individuellen Lernvoraussetzungen auszurichten, um einen erfolgreichen Bildungsprozess, z.B. im Bereich der Schriftsprache, sicherzustellen. Sowohl in Förderschulen, als auch im Hinblick auf die Gestaltung Gemeinsamen Unterrichts ist damit die Frage nach den Qualitätsmerkmalen eines Unterrichtsangebotes für sprachbeeinträchtigte Kindern von hoher Relevanz. Hierzu liegen vielfach konzeptuelle Überlegungen und vereinzelt auch Befragungen vor, jedoch keine Untersuchungen mit einem systematisch entwickelten Instrument. Ausgehend vom Angebot-Nutzungs-Modell des Unterrichts (Helmke 2009) und Merkmalen allgemein guten Unterrichts wurden Experten befragt hinsichtlich der Merkmale, die sie für die Gestaltung von Bildungsprozessen sprachbeeinträchtigter Kinder für besonders bedeutsam halten (Theisel & Glück 2012). Diese Ergebnisse fanden Eingang in einen Fragebogen, der bundesweit an sonderpädagogische Lehrkräfte verteilt wurde, die unabhängig vom Lernort mit sprachbeeinträchtigten Kindern unterrichtlich tätig sind. Im Vergleich mit den Angaben von Grundschullehrkräften lässt sich zeigen, wie einzelne Subskalen des Fragebogens auf spezifische Gestaltungsmerkmale des Unterrichts hinweisen, wie sie für die Arbeit mit sprachbeeinträchtigten Kindern typisch sind. Im Rahmen der KiSSES-Studie in B.-W. wurde die Schulleistungsentwicklung der Kinder im Längsschnitt verfolgt. Gleichzeitig wurden die Lehrkräfte nach Prozessmerkmalen ihres Unterrichts befragt. Es lassen sich Zusammenhänge zwischen einzelnen Bereichen der Schulleistung (Mathematik, Lesen, Schreiben) und Unterrichtsmerkmalen zeigen, die die Kriteriumsvalidität und Reliabilität des entwickelten Instrumentes deutlich machen.
133

Developmental language disorder and universal grammar

Beritognolo, Gustavo 12 1900 (has links)
L'étude de la Faculté des langues (FL), telle que définie par la grammaire générative, a été principalement entreprise à travers l'examen des langues adultes, l'acquisition de la langue première, l'acquisition des langues secondes et l'acquisition bilingue. Peu de travaux ont abordé la FL à partir d'une situation d'acquisition atypique, communément appelée Trouble développemental du langage (TDL). Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la façon dont FL est affectée par cette condition malheureuse. Le TDL est manifesté par certains jeunes enfants et adultes et peut être la cause de limitations importantes dans le développement du langage. La production et la compréhension langagières de ce groupe d'enfants sont atypiques par rapport au comportement linguistique d'autres enfants du même âge. Leur atypicité consiste en une grammaire non-cible en ce qui concerne ce qui est autorisé et ce qui est interdit dans la/les langue(s) à laquelle/auxquelles ils sont exposés. Les symptômes les plus communs, d'un point de vue morpho-syntaxique, sont (a) l'omission de morphèmes et de mots, (b) les commissions, c'est-à-dire la présence inadéquate de certains mots ou le remplacement inapproprié de morphèmes et (c) les redoublements, c'est-à-dire, l'apparition de mots ou de morphèmes dans plus de positions que celles autorisées dans la langue cible. Ces symptômes ont été pris comme l’indication que la FL est déficiente. Le résultat de cette défaillance est une grammaire développée par les enfants ayant le TDL qui est qualitativement différente de celle développée par leurs pairs typiques. Cette thèse examinera si la compétence linguistique sous-jacente des enfants DLD est déterminée par les mêmes traits, opérations et principes qui régissent le langage naturel en général. Extraites de la littérature expérimentale sur le TDL, les données pour l’analyse incluent la compréhension et la production par les enfants du TDL et concernent les domaines nominal, temporel/verbal et propositionnel. Les propositionsiii avancées pour rendre compte de ce disorder seront évaluées. Toutes proposent explicitement ou implicitement que la grammaire universelle (GU), c'est-à-dire l'ensemble des traits et opérations phonologiques, sémantiques et syntaxiques qui sous-tendent FL, est défectueuse: certains traits peuvent être absents, ou des opérations peuvent être inactives ou fonctionner par intermittence. Contrairement à ces propositions, l'hypothèse défendue ici est que la GU n'est pas affectée chez les enfants TDL. C'est-à-dire que malgré les nombreuses différences entre le TDL et l'acquisition typique du langage, la GU se révèle être similaire à un certain niveau dans les deux situations d'acquisition. Si la GU était altérée chez les enfants TDL, on s'attendrait à ce que les enfants affectés par cette condition produisent des phrases remarquablement différentes de celles produites par des enfants typiques. Plusieurs études ont révélé que les enfants DLD et leurs pairs typiques peuvent montrer des performances linguistiques similaires en termes de quantité et de type d'erreurs. De plus, les données révèlent que les énoncés TDL ne sont pas toujours erronés; lorsque tous les éléments et les mécanismes linguistiques sont présents, ils sont correctement utilisés. Ceci est considéré comme un signe que les traits syntaxiques, bien qu'ils ne soient pas toujours réalisés morpho-phonologiquement, sont présents dans les dérivations syntaxiques des enfants TDL, et que les opérations syntaxiques Fusion et Accord sont actives, tout comme dans les grammaires typiques. Enfin, l'analyse des énoncés non-cibles par les enfants TDL met en évidence une grammaire syntaxiquement normale et même une ressemblance avec des langues auxquelles ces enfants n'ont pas été exposés. La conclusion est que, malgré la non-convergence entre le TDL et la langue cible, la GU dans cette situation d'acquisition est intacte. / The study of the Faculty of Language (FL), as defined by generative grammar, has been mainly undertaken through the examination of adult language, first language acquisition, second language acquisition and bilingual acquisition. Few works have approached the FL from an atypical acquisitional situation, standardly called Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). This dissertation is devoted to the study of how FL is affected by this unfortunate condition. DLD is displayed by some young children and adults and can be the cause of significant limitations in language development. The linguistic production and comprehension by this group of children is atypical compared to the linguistic behaviour of other children of the same age. Their atypicality consists in a non-target-like grammar with regard to both what is allowed and what is disallowed in the language(s) to which they are exposed. The most common symptoms, from a morpho-syntactic point of view, are (a) omission of morphemes and words, (b) commissions, i.e., the inadequate presence of certain words or the inappropriate replacement of morphemes and (c) doublings, i.e., the appearance of words or morphemes in more positions than are allowed in the target language. These symptoms have been taken to indicate that the FL is deficient. The result of this deficiency is a grammar developed by children with DLD that is qualitatively different from that developed by their typical peers. This dissertation will consider whether or not the underlying linguistic competence of children with DLD is determined by the same features, operations and principles that regulate natural language in general. Drawn from the experimental literature on DLD, the data for analysis include comprehension and production by children with DLD and concern the nominal, the temporal/verbal and the propositional domains. The proposals that have been put forth to account for this impairment will be evaluated. All of them explicitly or implicitly propose that Universal Grammar (UG), i.e., the set of phonological, semantic and syntactic features and operations that underlie FL, is faulty: Some features can be absent, or operations can be inactive or function intermittently. Contrary to these proposals, the hypothesis defended here is that UG is not affected in DLD children. That is to say, despite the many differences between DLD and typical language acquisition, UG is revealed to be similar at a certain level in both acquisitional situations. If UG were impaired in DLD, children affected by this condition would be expected to produce sentences remarkably different from those produced by typical children. Several studies have shown that children with DLD and their typical peers can display similar linguistic performance in terms of both quantity and type of errors. Moreover, the data reveal that DLD utterances are not always erroneous; when all linguistic elements and mechanisms are present, they are correctly used. This is taken as a sign that syntactic features, while not always realized morpho-phonologically, are present in DLD syntactic derivations, and that the syntactic operations Merge and Agree are active, just as in typical grammars. Finally, the analysis of non-target utterances by children with DLD evinces a syntactically normal grammar and even a resemblance with languages to which these children have not been exposed. The conclusion is that, despite the non-convergence of DLD and the target language, UG in this acquisitional situation is intact.
134

Speciálně pedagogická intervence u dětí s vývojovou dysfázií v mateřské škole / Special Educational Intervention in Children with Specific Language Impairment in the Kindergarten

Vávrová, Miriam January 2015 (has links)
This Masters thesis focuses on issues of Specific Language Impairment - SLI of children of pre-school age. It monitors and evaluates development of their communication and motor skills during their time in kindergarten. The theoretical part focuses on defining basic terms which relate to communication and communication disorder with the emphasis on SLI. The psychomotor and communicational development of child from birth to entering school is described too. Also how this all affected creating the Framework Educational Programme for preschool education. The aim of the empirical part was to observe four children with SLI during their attendance at a pre-school for children with specific needs. Speech and psychomotor development of these children and its changes in connection to their teachers' intervention was observed. Part of the research included interviews with children's parents and those are also evaluated. The survey was done by the qualitative method. We get four case histories. At the end was evaluated the aims of the survey and answered questions asked and summarized the results of my investigation.
135

Relations entre lecture et vocabulaire chez des élèves ayant un trouble développemental du langage de 8 à 11 ans

Brossard, Stéphanie 04 1900 (has links)
No description available.
136

“Man famlar lite i mörkret” : Lärares erfarenheter och upplevelser av att arbeta med barn med språkstörning / Fumbling in the Dark : Teachers’ Experiences of Working with Children with DLD

Chepngeno, Mercy, Joyce, Ellen, York, Alana January 2023 (has links)
Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a communication disorder which can greatly affect a child’s ability to achieve academic goals. In Sweden, all children have the right to receive the support they need in school. To ensure the needs of students with DLD are being met, more studies are needed regarding teachers’ knowledge about DLD as a diagnosis, their experiences related to working with these students, and their experiences of relevant interprofessional teamwork. The purpose of this study is therefore to shed light on the professional situation for teachers of students with DLD. The results of the study are based on focus group interviews with 19 teachers from 17 different counties in Sweden. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using content analysis. The study found that the participating teachers experience DLD as a diagnosis which greatly affects students’ goal achievement as well as their socio-emotional well being. The participants also underlined the lack of instruction related to DLD in teacher training programs and described that this lack of instruction sometimes led them to feel unprepared in their work with these students. Interprofessional collaboration was lifted as an especially important aspect of work with children with DLD, but many experienced the circumstances at their workplace as suboptimal for effective teamwork. The teachers specifically expressed a desire for more collaboration with SLPs and highlighted the importance of knowledgeable and competent school leadership. The results of the study indicate a need for children with DLD to be more highly prioritized both in the education of teachers but also in the allocation of resources within schools. Additionally, in order to achieve more equitable access to education for these students, teachers feel that SLPs need to be more closely involved at the school level. / Likvärdig utbildning för barn med språkstörning - En studie om måluppfyllelse, erfarenheter och deltagande

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