Abstract A stakeholder analysis is commonly a part of the requirements engineering process in the development of software systems. It contributes to identifying, analysing, negotiating and validating requirements from multiple stakeholder viewpoints that do not necessary share the same views on a system under development and do not necessary express themselves using a similar language. Stakeholder analysis is often integrated into a used development method or practice and doesn’t necessarily appear as a separate process. The increase in software size, availability and use in different appliances, however, requires more from the stakeholder analysis than has been recognized in Software Engineering literature. The increasing scale of software systems and connections to other systems increase the number of involved stakeholders complicating the stakeholder analysis. In addition, how the actual stakeholder analysis should be implemented in large scale software development and how it supports the development effort is problematic in practice. The purpose of this thesis is to study the role and purpose of a stakeholder analysis in a large-scale software-intensive systems development. In this thesis, an empirical approach is taken to study the large-scale software-intensive systems development as phenomena in order to observe it as a whole. This approach allows this thesis to analyse the phenomena from different perspectives in order to identify and describe the nature and purpose of a stakeholder analysis in large-scale software-intensive systems development. The contribution of this thesis is the following. First, the thesis contributes to both the practical and scientific community by describing the role of stakeholder analysis in the software-intensive systems development process. Secondly, it demonstrates how a stakeholder analysis can be implemented in a large-scale software-intensive systems development process. / Tiivistelmä Sidosryhmäanalyysi on yleensä osa vaatimusmäärittelyprosessia ohjelmistojärjestelmien kehityksessä. Se edesauttaa vaatimusten tunnistamista, analysointia, sopimista ja vahvistamista useiden eri sidosryhmien näkökulmasta tilanteissa, missä eri sidosryhmät eivät välttämättä jaa samaa näkökulmaa kehitettävään järjestelmään ja eivät välttämättä käytä samaa kieltä ilmaistakseen itseään. Sidosryhmäanalyysi on usein integroitu suoraan käytettyyn kehitysmenetelmään tai käytäntöön ja ei välttämättä ilmene erillisenä prosessina. Ohjelmiston koon kasvaessa ja yhteyksien lisääntyminen yhä useampiin laitteisiin on johtanut tilanteeseen, missä sidosryhmäanalyysilta vaaditaan yhä enemmän kuin kirjallisuudessa on aiemmin tunnistettu. Ohjelmistojärjestelmien alati kasvava koko ja yhteyksien lisääntyminen muihin järjestelmiin kasvattaa sidosryhmien määrää vaikeuttaen sidosryhmäanalyysin tekemistä. Lisäksi on ongelmallista, että miten sidosryhmäanalyysin tulisi tukea suuren mittakaavan ohjelmistotuotantoa ja miten se käytännössä toteutetaan tällaisessa ympäristössä. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on tutkia sidosryhmän roolia ja tarkoitusta suuren mittakaavan ohjelmistointensiivisten järjestelmien tuotannossa. Tutkimus on toteutettu empiirisellä lähestymistavalla tarkkailemalla suuren mittakaavan ohjelmistointensiivisten järjestelmien tuotantoa kokonaisuutena. Tämä lähestymistapa mahdollistaa kokonaisuuden analysoinnin eri näkökulmista, jotta sidosryhmäanalyysin luonne ja tarkoitus voidaan tunnistaa ja kuvata suuren mittakaavan ohjelmistointensiivisten järjestelmien tuotannossa. Väitöskirjan tulosten kontribuutio jakautuu kahteen osaan. Ensimmäiseksi väitöskirjan tulokset auttavat sekä tiedeyhteisöä ja käytännön työtä tekeviä kuvaamalla sidosryhmäanalyysin suuren mittakaavan ohjelmistointensiivisten järjestelmien tuotannossa. Toiseksi tulokset havainnollistavat miten sidosryhmäanalyysi voidaan toteuttaa suuren mittakaavan ohjelmistointensiivisten järjestelmien tuotekehitysprosessissa.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a printing technology which can produce 3-dimensional solid object by adding layers of material from 3D model data. AM has numerous benefits and can bring a new industrial revolution. To have a smooth transition in the technology, organizations must consider involved stakeholders’ interests. However, different stakeholders have different interests and influences. As more affected stakeholders resist adopting new technology as it will affect the firm directly or indirectly. These diverse interests cause barriers to the adoption of technology. This research aims to find out the primary and secondary stakeholders and how they influence each other in the adoption of AM, and what are the barriers caused due to these influences. The two sources of primary data are gathered from the research participants and analyzed thematically. Our findings reveal that the primary stakeholders are material suppliers, regulators bodies, and medical device/pharmaceutical companies and have a high influence on the adoption of AM as these stakeholders are hard to replace and need constant collaboration with each other. The secondary stakeholders are AM designers, insurance companies, educational and training organizations, funding organizations, NGOs. AM designer and insurance companies have less power and influence, while academic and training organizations and NGOs have a high influence since they are knowledge and training providers. Barriers faced in the adoption of AM technology are immature technology, less raw material availability, changes in the regulation, knowledge gap. This study implies that there is immense scope to explore the technology to gain maximum benefits. This study stands to give an understanding of stakeholder involvement, their influence, and their barriers in the adoption of AM technology.

PLHOŇ, Tomáš. Analysis of microfinance in Czech nonprofit sector. Prague, 2011. 70 p. Diploma work (Mgr.) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of social sciences, Institut of sociology sciences. Department of public and social policy. Supervised by prof. PhDr. František Ochrana, DrSc. Abstract This thesis deals with the concept of microfinance and its development in the Czech nonprofit sector. In the first part the author deals with a brief description of this concept and its historical development over the last fifty years. Followed by analysis of itself, that tries to deal with the fact that despite the rapid global development of this worldwide phenomenon, microfinance in the Czech Republic is still a relatively new phenomenon. Author attempted semi structured interviews to map key players in the industry, discover their interests, attitudes, resources, and their declared objectives. The main point of the analysis is myElen.com, Czech internet portal, which is pretty much the main driver of all the happenings in the field of microfinance in this country. In conclusion the author offers an evaluation of analytical findings and suggests possible future steps to further exploration, as well as recommends the most appropriate steps in policy-making.

Forskningsfrågor: Hur definierar och prioriterar företaget sina intressenters krav och förväntningar? Utifrån intressenters krav och förväntningar, vad prioriteras? Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen är att studera hur ett företag identifierar, prioriterar och hanterar intressenters krav och förväntningar, samtidigt som de håller sig inom ramen för de krav som CSRD och flera ISO-standarder ställer på företaget. Vidare syftar studien till att kartlägga hur företaget bäst balanserar och prioriterar intressenternas behov och förväntningar. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ studie med en abduktiv ansats. Undersökningen har skett genom intervjuer som har analyserats genom en tematisk analysmetod. Slutsats: Det går att dra slutsatsen att företaget definierar och prioriterar krav och förväntningar utifrån standarder och direktiv som är gällande för detta företag, med ett särskilt fokus på kvalitet för kunder samt efterlevnad av lagkrav och ägardirektiv. Intressenternas krav och förväntningar identifieras samt prioriteras genom att hålla god kommunikation, även i enlighet med de standarder, direktiv och lagkrav som företaget följer. / Research questions: How does the company define and prioritize the demands and expectations of its stakeholders? Based on the demands and expectations of stakeholders, what is prioritized? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how a company identifies, prioritizes and manages stakeholder demands and expectations, while adhering to the requirements set by the CSRD and various ISO standards. Furthermore, the study aims to map out how the company can best balance and prioritize the needs and expectations of its stakeholders. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative study with an abductive approach. The research was carried out through interviews that were analyzed using a thematic analysis method. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the company defines and prioritizes demands and expectations based on the standards and directives applicable to the company, with a particular focus on quality for customers as well as compliance with legal requirements and ownership directives. The stakeholders' demands and expectations are identified and prioritized by maintaining good communication, also in accordance with the standards, directives and legal requirements that the company adheres to.

No description available.

<p>Wetlands in most parts of the world are under threat of over-exploitation, loss and/or degradation partly due to agriculture and urban land uses.</p><p>Yala swamp, the largest fresh water wetland in Kenya measuring about 17,500 ha supports a large biodiversity and is source of livelihoods to communities around it. This study addresses the situation where part of this wetland is converted into large-scale agriculture by a multinational company, Dominion Farms (K) Ltd resulting into a conflict and controversy amongst key stakeholders. The study sought to investigate livelihood impacts this transformation has for the local community. It employs the concepts Stakeholder Analysis (SA) and Sustainable Livelihood Approaches (SLA) to asses the livelihood situation in terms of socio-economic conditions, rural infrastructure, income diversification, food security and environmental issues.</p><p>Data and information have been obtained from primary and secondary sources through field survey at the Yala wetland, in which randomly sampled small-scale farmers, fisher folk, Dominion employees, local leaders and informants, traders and other stakeholders were interviewed using questionnaire and other participatory methods. The main questions were designed to gain information about historical use of the wetland, changes in livelihoods and wetland before and after entry of Dominion Company into the area. From the study, it is evident that assessment of the key stakeholders in relation to this natural resource is of utmost importance for mapping out an acceptable management strategy for the wetland. Besides being cause to a conflict and controversy over control of and access to the swamp, the conversion has resulted into both negative and positive short-term and long-term livelihood impacts to the local community. The wetland being a contested resource with multiple users who claim a stake on it requires a holistic approach in its management that caters for divergent needs and views of key stakeholder groups. The study identifies management issues and proposes abroad vision for the future including recommendations for planning as well as suggestions for specific research needs that should form the basis of action</p>

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Wetlands in most parts of the world are under threat of over-exploitation, loss and/or degradation partly due to agriculture and urban land uses.</p><p>Yala swamp, the largest fresh water wetland in Kenya measuring about 17,500 ha supports a large biodiversity and is source of livelihoods to communities around it. This study addresses the situation where part of this wetland is converted into large-scale agriculture by a multinational company, Dominion Farms (K) Ltd. The study was undertaken to investigate the livelihood impacts this transformation has for the local community. It employs the concepts Stakeholder Analysis (SA) and Sustainable Livelihood Approaches (SLA) to assess the livelihood situation in terms of the socio-economic status, rural infrastructure, income diversification, food security and environmental management issues.</p><p>Data and information have been obtained from primary and secondary sources through field survey in the Yala wetland, in which randomly sampled small-scale farmers, fisher folk, Dominion employees, local leaders and informants, traders and other stakeholders were interviewed using questionnaire and other participatory methods. From the study, it is evident that assessment of the key stakeholders and their relation to this natural resource is of utmost importance for mapping out an acceptable management strategy for the wetland. Besides being cause to a conflict and controversy over control of and access to the swamp, the conversion has resulted into negative and positive short-term and long-term livelihood impacts to the local community. This contested resource with multiple users who claim a stake on it requires a holistic approach in its management that caters for divergent needs and views of key stakeholder groups. The study identifies management issues and proposes abroad vision for the future including recommendations for planning and research needs that should form the basis of action.</p>

The Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) was first introduced in all commercial forest reserves in Sabah in 1997. This policy gives hope to the state government to manage the forests in a sustainable manner following the forest development phase of revenue oriented timber exploitation, which has contributed to the decline in forest resources; the increase in forest degradation and the decrease in state income earned from the forestry sector. Under the SFM concept, the forest of the state was divided into Forest Management Units (FMUs) managed by FMU holders under different institutional arrangements of state, state enterprise and private sector. This study was conducted to investigate the corporate-stakeholder interrelation under the SFM concept implemented by the FMU holder in Sabah, Malaysia. The research was based on the ‘Triple Typology Perspective of Stakeholder Theory’, which encapsulates three different perspectives of ‘conceptual’, ‘corporate’ and ‘stakeholder’ centric. The ‘conceptual’ perspective explores the overall SFM concept and its relation to the FMU holder – stakeholder interaction. The ‘corporate’ view investigates how the FMU holders as the corporate part of the SFM concept deals with their stakeholders; and the ‘stakeholder’ perspective analyses the relation between stakeholders, the FMU holders and SFM implementation. Stakeholder analysis was used to gather information with the application of methods incorporating literature reviews, expert interviews, focus groups, meetings and discussion, questionnaire surveys and Q methodology. Four FMUs were selected as study areas, which managed by the state, state enterprise and private sector. The respondents were encompassed personal of Sabah Forestry Department (SFD), FMU managers and FMU workers, various governmental and non-governmental agencies, and local communities of eight villages located within and in the fringe of FMU areas involved in the study. Under the ‘conceptual centric’, different groups of stakeholders were identified based on SFM documentation, which also provide the normative basis for the SFM concept. The contemporary implementation of SFM was assessed based on stakeholders’ perspective, which indicated that the overall SFM contribution entailed mainly on satisfaction of environment objectives, followed by economic and, to a lesser degree, social objectives. Different categories of stakeholders were identified based on their perceptions of various issues under SFM implementation. These include the level of cooperation or conflict; degree of stakeholder participation; views of specific individuals and a thorough comparison of individual subjectivity. There is, however, an agreement to the statements on the influential factors towards effective SFM implementation, which include the administration and leadership of SFD, and good collaboration between SFD and the FMU holders. Other consensuses were related to the roles of participation in promoting learning about synergy and the importance of various forest uses, and that it should be able to influence the decision-making during the consultation process. The implementation of SFM was agreed in influencing towards investment in the forestry sector and the development of the rural area in the state. The ‘corporate centric’ indicates the different approaches of stakeholder management under the different arrangements of FMU holders. The SFM operations with a high level of stakeholder involvement were identified as community forestry programme followed by forest conservation, forest protection, development and preparation of plans, administration, human resource development, and research and development. The important stakeholders, according to their degree of involvement in SFM operations were the internal stakeholders of FMU workers, followed by external stakeholders of the staff of SFD, contractors, local communities, local authorities, consultants, businessmen/traders and researchers/scientists. Other stakeholders were various state government agencies, manufacturers, shareholders, NGOs (local), international agencies, NGOs (international), donors, federal government agencies and other FMU holders. The ‘stakeholder centric’ identifies the various stakeholders interests and claims associated with SFM implementation that depend on stakeholder affiliation. The main groups in this study were multi-interest stakeholder groups (n=104) and the local community groups of the selected villages (n=332). The interests and claims of the multi-interest stakeholder group were related to SFM objectives such as good management of the forest, protection and conservation of environment and biodiversity, and protection of water catchment areas. The local community groups, on the other hand, were mainly concerned with the importance of the forest as a source for foods, land for agriculture and other livelihood purposes. There are various approaches for stakeholder relation management (SRM) that are employed by the FMU holders and stakeholders. These may consist of management quality system, CSR program, the community forest development project; inter agency meetings and dialogue; and collaboration and cooperation with other agencies and institutions. SRM can assist in balancing conflicts that arise, promoting cooperation, and advancing the knowledge and understanding on the SFM concept among the stakeholders. The SRM approaches under the SFM implementation can augment participation by the stakeholders, which in turn will promote effective and efficient implementation of SFM. The mutual relation of the SFM concept and SRM is advancing stakeholder participation in promoting effective implementation of SFM at the FMU level. The inter-relation of the ‘triple perspective typology of stakeholder theory’ was integrated as new contexts to achieve objectives for sustainability under SFM policy, with the business case of corporate sustainability, and the wider scope of the ecosystem approach and the sustainable development. / Das Konzept Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) wurde erstmals in allen kommerziellen Waldreservaten in Sabah, Malaysia, im Jahr 1997 eingeführt. Mit dieser Politik verbindet die Landesregierung die Hoffnung, dass die Wälder nun in einer nachhaltigen Art und Weise bewirtschaftet werden können, nachdem die fast ausschließlich auf Einnahmen orientierte Holznutzung zum Rückgang der Waldbestände, zur Zunahme der Waldzerstörung und damit letztendlich auch zum Rückgang der Staatseinnahmen aus der Forstwirtschaft beigetragen hat. Zur Umsetzung des SFM-Konzepts wurde der Staatswald in Forest Management Units (FMU) unterteilt, die von FMU Haltern aus verschiedenen Staatsinstitutionen, Staatsunternehmen und der Privatwirtschaft verwaltet werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Verhältnis zwischen Unternehmen als FMU-Bewirtschaftern und Stakeholdern im Konzept nachhaltiger Waldbewirtschaftung, das von FMUs in Sabah, Malaysia implementiert wurde. Die Arbeit basiert auf der „Triple-Typology Perspective of Stakeholder Theory“, welche drei verschiedene Perspektiven beinhaltet, die konzeptionell, unternehmensbezogen oder Stakeholder-zentriert sind. Dabei untersucht die konzeptionelle Perspektive SFM-Konzepte und die daraus resultierenden Beziehungen zwischen FMU-Bewirtschafter und ihren jeweiligen Stakeholdern. Die unternehmenszentrierte Sicht legt den Schwerpunkt darauf, wie FMU-Bewirtschafter als Teil des SFM-Konzeptes mit Stakeholdern interagieren. Die Stakeholder-Perspektive analysiert das Verhältnis zwischen Stakeholdern, FMU-Bewirtschafter und der SFM-Implementierung. Die Daten wurden mit Hilfe der Stakeholder-Theorie unter Anwendung quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden wie Literaturrecherche, Experteninterviews, Fokusgruppen, informellen Treffen und Diskussionsrunden, schriftlichen Befragungen und der Q-Methodologie erhoben. Als Untersuchungseinheiten wurden vier FMUs ausgewählt, die durch den Staat, den staatlichen Forstbetrieb und den privatem Sektor bewirtschaftet werden. Die Befragungsteilnehmer setzten sich aus Personal der Forstverwaltung Sabah (Sabah Forestry Department, SFD), den FMU-Bewirtschaftern und –Mitarbeitern, verschiedenen Regierungs- und Nicht-Regierungsorganisationen und lokalen Gemeinschaften in acht Dörfern innerhalb sowie im Randgebiet der FMUs zusammen. In Bezug auf die konzeptionelle Perspektive wurden, basierend auf der SFM-Dokumentation, verschiedene Stakeholder-Gruppen identifiziert, die die normative Basis für das SFM-Konzept liefern. Dessen Implementation wurde aus Sicht der Stakeholder analysiert. Es zeigte sich, dass der gesamte Beitrag zum SFM vornehmlich umweltbezogene Zielsetzungen erfüllt, gefolgt von ökonomischen und, zu einem noch geringeren Grad, sozialen Zielen. Mehrere Kategorien von Stakeholdern wurden auf Grundlage ihrer Wahrnehmung verschiedener Aspekte im Zuge der SFM-Implementation identifiziert. Diese umfassen die Kooperations- oder Konfliktebene, den Grad der Stakeholder-Beteiligung sowie individuelle Betrachtungen. Es gibt eine Übereinstimmung zu Äußerungen, welche Einflussfaktoren hinsichtlich effektiver SFM-Implementierung entscheidend sind. Dabei wurden vor allem das Management und die Führung der, der SFD sowie gute Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem SFD und den FMU-Bewirtschaftern genannt. Weitere Übereinstimmung besteht darin, die Weiterbildung über die Bedeutung unterschiedlicher Waldnutzungen und deren Ausbalancierung zu stärken, um die Entscheidungsfindung im Konsultationsprozess beeinflussen zu können. Auch herrschte Einigkeit darin, durch Investition in den Forstsektor und Entwicklung ländlicher Regionen die Implementation von SFM zu stärken. Der unternehmensbezogene Fokus konzentriert sich auf die verschiedenen Ansätze des Stakeholder-Managements unter unterschiedlichen Charakteristika der FMU-Bewirtschafter. SFM-Maßnahmen mit einem hohen Grad an Stakeholder-Beteiligung sind Gemeinschaftsforstprogramme (community forestry programmes), gefolgt von Waldnaturschutz, Waldschutz, Entwicklung und Vorbereitung von Plänen, Verwaltung, die Entwicklung von Humanressourcen sowie Forschung und Entwicklung. Die wichtigsten Stakeholder, bezogen auf ihren Beteiligungsgrad in SFM-Maßnahmen, waren intern die Mitarbeiter der FMUs und extern die Mitarbeiter der SFD, Vertragsnehmer, lokale Gemeinschaftsgruppen und Verwaltungen, Berater, Geschäftsleute/Händler und Forscher/Wissenschaftler. Weitere Stakeholder waren verschiedene Regierungsorganisationen, Produzenten, Aktionäre, internationale Behörden, lokale und internationale NGOs, Behörden der föderalen Regierung und andere FMU-Bewirtschafter. Die Stakeholder Perspektive identifiziert verschiedene Interessen und Forderungen der Stakeholder, die sich auf die SFM-Implementation beziehen und von der Stakeholder-Zugehörigkeit abhängen. Die Hauptgruppen in dieser Studie waren sogenannte Mehrinteressen-Stakeholder-Gruppen (n=104) und lokale Gemeinschaftsgruppen (n=332). Die Interessen und Forderungen der Mehrinteressen-Stakeholder-Gruppen waren bezogen auf SFM-Ziele wie gute Waldbewirtschaftung, Schutz und Erhaltung der Umwelt und Biodiversität sowie Schutz von Wassereinzugsgebieten. Andererseits stand der Wald als Quelle für Nahrung, landwirtschaftliche Flächen und andere Aspekte des Lebensunterhaltes im Mittelpunkt des Interesses lokaler Gemeinschaftsgruppen. Es gibt zahlreiche Ansätze für das Management von Stakeholder-Beziehungen (Stakeholder Relation Management, SRM), welches durch FMU-Bewirtschafter und Stakeholder genutzt wird. Der SRM-Ansatz besteht aus dem Bewirtschaftungsqualitätssystem, CSR-Programm, dem Gemeinschaftswaldentwicklungsprojekt, multilateralen Treffen und Dialog zwischen den Behörden, und Zusammenarbeit und Kooperation mit anderen Behörden und Organisationen. SRM kann dazu dienen, mögliche Konflikte auszubalancieren, Kooperation zu begünstigen sowie das Wissen und Verständnis von SFM zu fördern. Die Einbindung von SRM in die Implementation von SFM erweitert die Beteiligung der Stakeholder, was wiederum zu einer effektiveren und effizienteren Implementation von SFM auf FMU-Ebene führen kann. Die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen der „Triple-Perspective Typology of Stakeholder Theory“ und dem Ökosystemansatz, der unternehmensbezogenen Nachhaltigkeit und dem Konzept des Sustainable Forest Management bilden die Grundlage, um das Ziel einer umfassenden Nachhaltigkeit zu erreichen.

Pentecostalism has grown from its founding days in 1900 in Topeka, USA and has extended its reach to most parts the world including Africa where it took off in the 1970s and continues to grow with many mega churches being established. In addition to their main role of taking care of the spiritual development of their followers, many Pentecostal churches have begun to get involved in provision of social and economic goods and services. This has however attracted attention to the churches with some of them being labelled as businesses, their founders being considered as entrepreneurs hiding under the guise of churches and seen as exploiting their followers. The purpose of the thesis is to explore, through research questions, if entrepreneurial activities are carried out in the Pentecostal churches in Uganda and if so, whether such activities can be considered productive, unproductive or destructive entrepreneurship and what their implications are. This qualitative study employed qualitative methods of data collection and deductive approach with primary data collected through semi-structured interviews with 6 members of Pentecostal churches in Kampala and 1 non-member that regularly goes to Pentecostal churches to get a feel of their activities. The findings show that there the Pentecostal churches carryout a number of entrepreneurial activities that address spiritual, social and economic aspects of the church members and the community. The study further shows that some of these entrepreneurial activities have a positive impact on the church members and the community and by extension the state whereas some activities do not improve the church members and the community and others have a negative impact on the church members and the community. It is shown through this thesis that determining the implication of the entrepreneurial activities is complicated when such activities are lumped together and not considered individually since some of the activities in the Pentecostal may be productive while some may be unproductive or destructive. The contribution of this thesis is by proposing a matrix as an alternative tool for analysis of the various entrepreneurial activities in the Pentecostal churches by considering their effect on different stakeholders to determine if the activity achieved the reason for its establishment.

Abstract Radio spectrum is a scarce natural resource whose efficient management has been the source of contentious debate for over a century. The mobile communication ecosystem has created a tremendous business that is reliant on the availability of spectrum for wireless networks. The growth of mobile communications has increased the rivalry between the different wireless ecosystems that compete over gaining access rights to radio spectrum. Due to the scarcity of unallocated spectrum bands without incumbent users, sharing-based governance models for spectrum management have gained increasing attention in regulation, industry and academia. Spectrum sharing allows two or more wireless systems to operate in the same spectrum band. These systems often come from different wireless ecosystems that have conflicting goals. Spectrum sharing, and specifically the development of new sharing-based governance models for more efficient management of the scarce resource, is a strategic management topic that calls for the development of rules and conditions by regulators that are agreeable to all involved stakeholders. This thesis presents a novel framework for the development of upcoming sharing-based spectrum governance models that bring together stakeholders from different wireless business ecosystems with conflicting goals. The framework is built upon the theoretical basis of governance models, stakeholder analysis, and business ecosystems. Spectrum management is here seen as governance of common pool resources, and the tool of stakeholder analysis from strategic management is formally introduced into the development of new sharing-based spectrum governance models where different business ecosystems collide. The developed three-step stakeholder analysis is applied to two case studies for mobile communications including the future use of the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band, and the licensed shared access (LSA) concept. For the UHF band case study, the thesis identifies the stakeholders, analyses their relations and saliences to reach long-term compromises between broadcasting and mobile communication ecosystems. For the LSA case study, the thesis identifies the stakeholders and their relations, and develops management actions through a work flow for the main phases and stakeholders’ tasks. It then presents the world’s first live field trial with mobile communication systems, where the conflicting requirements of all stakeholders were considered. The developed stakeholder analysis model formally introduces the strategic management of stakeholders into the spectrum management domain, and it provides regulators, industry and academia a new tool for reaching long-term compromises in spectrum management through sharing. / Tiivistelmä Radiotaajuudet muodostavat rajallisen luonnonvaran, jonka tehokas hallinta on ollut vuosikymmenten ajan kiistanalainen keskustelunaihe. Matkaviestinnän ekosysteemi on luonut suurta liiketoimintaa saamalla käyttöönsä radiotaajuuksia, joilla matkaviestinverkot voivat toimia. Matkaviestinnän kasvu on lisännyt eri langattomien järjestelmien ekosysteemien välistä kilpailua radiotaajuuksien saatavuudesta. Taajuuksien yhteiskäyttöön perustuvat hallintamallit ovat herättäneet kasvavaa kiinnostusta taajuushallinnoissa, teollisuudessa ja tutkimusmaailmassa, koska lähes kaikki radiotaajuudet on jo annettu erilaisten langattomien järjestelmien käyttöön. Taajuuksien yhteiskäyttö mahdollistaa kahden tai useamman radiojärjestelmän toiminnan samalla taajuusalueella. Usein nämä järjestelmät edustavat erilaisia langattomia ekosysteemejä, joilla on ristiriitaiset tavoitteet. Taajuuksien yhteiskäyttö ja siihen liittyvien hallintamallien kehittäminen rajallisen luonnonvaran tehokkaamman käytön mahdollistamiseksi on strategisen johtamisen aihealue, joka edellyttää, että taajuushallinnot kehittävät säännöt ja ehdot, jotka ovat hyväksyttäviä sidosryhmille. Tämä väitöskirja esittelee uuden viitekehityksen taajuuksien yhteiskäyttöön perustuvien taajuuksien hallintamallien kehittämiselle tuomalla yhteen eri sidosryhmät, jotka edustavat erilaisia langattomia liiketoimintaekosysteemejä, joilla on ristiriitaiset tavoitteet. Kehitetyn viitekehyksen teoriapohja koostuu hallintomalleista, sidosryhmäanalyysistä sekä liiketoiminnan ekosysteemeistä. Tässä työssä taajuuksien hallinta nähdään yhteisresurssien (common pool resource, CPR) hallintana, ja strategisen johtamisen työkaluista sidosryhmäanalyysi on valittu taajuuksien yhteiskäyttömallien kehittämiseen erilaisten liiketoiminta-ekosysteemien kohtauspisteessä. Työssä kehitettyä kolmiaskelista sidosryhmäanalyysiä sovelletaan kahteen matkaviestinnän tapaustutkimukseen sisältäen UHF-taajuuden tulevaisuuden käytön sekä taajuuksien lisensioidun yhteiskäytön (licensed shared access, LSA). UHF-taajuuden tapaustutkimuksessa väitöskirjassa tunnistetaan sidosryhmät ja analysoidaan niiden riippuvuuksia ja painoarvoja pitkän tähtäimen kompromissin löytämiseksi yleisradioliikenteen ja matkaviestinnän ekosysteemien välille. LSA-tapaustutkimukselle väitöskirjassa tunnistetaan sidosryhmät ja niiden riippuvuudet sekä kehitetään johtamismalleja työnkulkukaavion avulla. Lisäksi työssä esitellään maailman ensimmäinen todellisella matkaviestinjärjestelmällä tehty kokeilu, joka ottaa huomioon eri sidosryhmien ristiriitaiset vaatimukset. Työssä kehitetty malli on ensimmäinen strategisen johtamisen sidosryhmäanalyysin sovellus taajuuksien hallintaan ja tuo taajuushallinnoille, teollisuudelle ja tutkimusmaailmalle uuden työkalun pitkän tähtäimen kompromissien löytämiseen taajuuksien hallinnalle yhteiskäytön avulla.