This study is about what it is like to live in Stockholm with a shawl based on Muslim women's own experiences and perspectives. In this study I interviewed four Muslim women wearing shawls of different ages and backgrounds that live in Stockholm. With the help of these qualitative interviews, the researcher has been able to analyse and discuss their responses to get a view on how they feel about living in Stockholm wearing a shawl. The aim of the study was to get answers to these two questions: How does the respondent’s choice of wearing a shawl affect their way of living in Stockholm? How do the respondents perceive the received treatment from others at their workplace and in public? The respondents respond to how the choice of wearing a shawl has affected their way of living in Stockholm and how they feel that people meet them at work and in public on their free time. This study’s respondents do not represent all Muslim women with shawls in Stockholm. But based on their answers, it is still possible to get a picture of what it is like to live as a Muslim woman with a shawl in Stockholm. The respondents explained how they felt that people had prejudices about them based on what they looked like. They feel that there are different prejudices about both the shawl and Islam, which they considered to be a factor in how they were dealt with by different people in the society. The prejudices can vary from that the shawl is not their own choice to the shawl is being seen as a religious symbol and linked to negative incidents in which Islam is involved. Wearing a shawl in Stockholm can be a challenge as the shawl stands out and women with the shawl can be seen as different

The aim of this bachelor thesis was to analyse and examine which images the morning newspaper Dagens Nyheter and the tabloid paper Aftonbladet choosed to use on their front pages when reporting about the terrorist attack in Stockholm 2017. We also wanted to examine if there were any differences or similarities between morning newspapers and tabloids images on their front pages.    Before our study we did a mapping where we examined how many images, between April 8 and April 30,  the two newspapers used when portraying the incident on their front page. The mapping helped structuring our process by creating categories before deciding which images we wanted to examine more closely. We conducted a qualitative study and used semiotic image analysis, visual rhetoric analysis, metonymy, metaphor and index. We analysed twelve pictures; seven from Aftonbladet and five from Dagens Nyheter.          By examining this we established that there were both differences and similarities between the newspapers. The biggest difference was that Aftonbladet used more dynamic images while Dagens Nyheter used more approximations. Aftonbladet´s images portrayed the attack with dramatic, close-ups images where the images felt more realistic and Dagens Nyheter portrayed the attack with more objective images. A similarity that we found was that both newspapers used images of authoritarian people and implied that the society stands united against the terror. We also found that the suspected terrorist, Rakhmat Akilov, was presented as a threat from the outside that destroyed “our” western world.

This study examines the values underlying marriage formation before childbearing among highly educated women living in Stockholm. This group has been shown in previous research to have increasing propensity to enter marriage before childbearing, due to changing values. Previous studies have suggested a possible connection between rising individualism and gender equality on the one hand, and a new marriage trend on the other hand, noted especially among the highly educated in large cities in Sweden. The values underlying the rise in marriage popularity is yet to be explored which is the aim of the present study based on 20 indepth interviews. The analysis is guided by theories on individualism and gender equality by Anthony Giddens, Ulrich Beck and Gøsta Esping-Andersen. The results show that rising individualism has created a need for relationship stabilizing tools, where marriage works as a practical security measure for relatively new relationships, prior to having children. The results also show that for the group in the study childbearing and marriage are strongly connected. In contrast to individualization theories this  study shows that high marriage propensity can coexist with high levels of individualization.

This study aims to examine how citizen participation can contribute to traffic development. The study examines which possibilities and challenges that comes with involving citizen, and how planners see their own role in this involvement. To examine this, planners who work with traffic development in Stockholm municipality have been interviewed regarding their opinions about citizen involvement. The result from the interviews have been divided into different themes and analysed. The study also contains a complementary document study to see how the municipality works with involving citizen in the planning process, with main focus on traffic issues. The study shows that planners sees themselves as experts, but they also think that citizens have knowledges that is necessary to create sustainable traffic solutions. It’s not a question about if they should be involved, instead it’s more about how they should. Planners who worked with traffic development got to describe their own experiences with involving citizens. A major key to reach consensus was to involve and discuss traffic problems and solutions at an early stage. This place expectations at a reasonable level and gave both planners and citizen knowledge about each other’s opinions.

This longitudinal study investigates firm-survival in a peripheral region. The analysis relies on a unique longitudinal dataset, encompassing all firms in 17 Stockholm Archipelago islands during 2000-2019, collected through data triangulation methods. The study employs multivariate analysis accomplished by three-level logistic regression models of repeated observations (level-1) of the same distinct firms (level-2) situated in specific islands (level-3). The main novel results suggest that firms on islands with higher population density have an increased probability of exit – specifically, that there exists an overcrowding of local markets and a harsher selection process in these islands. While time-distance to the mainland have been discussed as problematic, the effect on firm-survival is insignificant. However, local access to essential services and infrastructures significantly lowers the likelihood of firm-exit. Islands with increasing institutional thickness have increased community dynamics with more knowledge spillovers, community-level learning, and entrepreneurial ecosystems, leading to a higher likelihood of firm-survival. A higher ratio of summer visitors increases the probability of exit, suggesting that firms on islands with seasonal dependability may have difficulties surviving the off-season. / Trots dess närhet till Sveriges största och snabbast växande marknad delar Stockholms skärgård många drag med andra regioner som befinner sig i periferin, det vill säga utkanten. Bland annat har skärgården svårigheter att dra nytta av den ekonomiska dynamik som är karakteristisk för centrala regioner. Trots den problematik som kan vara typisk för perifera områden (såsom brist på resurser och avfolkning), betonar forskare att beslutsfattare måste utgå ifrån den lokalspecifika och regionala kontexten. Små och medelstora företag i periferin förväntas inte enbart bidra med ökade intäkter till regionen, utan förväntas även tillmötesgå sysselsättningsefterfrågan. Frågan om vilka företag som överlever, och inte minst förklaringarna till företags överlevad, är därför särskilt viktig i dessa regioner. Trots att orsakerna till företags överlevnad länge diskuterats inom forskningen, råder det brist på studier som tar upp den kontext som avser periferi och faktorer som är betydelsefulla för en specifik kontext. Denna studie utgör ett bidrag till en sådan analys. Studiens resultat visar att överlevnadsmöjligheterna är sämre för företag som befinner sig på öar med högre andel fastboendebefolkning. Detta indikerar att på större öar, med en relativt sett högre befolkningsnivå, är konkurrensen mer påtaglig. Vidare, trots att transportmöjligheter till fastlandet ofta anges som problem i diskussioner, slår studien fast att tidsavståndet till huvudorter på fastlandet inte är viktigt för företags överlevnadsmöjligheter. Däremot har företag sämre utsikter för överlevnad på öar med högre andel sommargäster i relation till vinterbesökare. Tillgången till fiber/bredband, livsmedelsbutiker som är öppna året runt, och förskolor bidrar betydligt till överlevnadsmöjligheterna. Vidare konstaterar studien att ett mer aktivt föreningsliv på en ö ökar möjligheterna för överlevnad. För att komma fram till dessa samt andra resultat, har studien använt sig av en longitudinell ansats, som innebär att studieobjekten (företagen) följs över tid, liksom ett unikt empiriskt underlag. Detta material har samlats från flera olika typer källor, underlag och databaser som beskriver både öar och företag i Stockholms skärgård, där undersökningsperioden är mellan år 2000 och år 2019. Vidare tillämpar studien en i forskning om företags överlevnad tidigare mindre beprövad statistisk metod: i korthet undersöker studien företag och öarna där de finns, som om dessa vore enskilda ”individer”. Dessa ”individer” följs från sin födsel –från att de bildas – till dess att de dör, det vill säga läggs ned. Under tiden ”individerna” följs, så undersöks även vilken betydelse de yttre betingelserna på öarna liksom faktorer i företagens omgivning har för deras överlevnadsförmåga. Specifikt studeras 1 341 företag på 17 av Stockholms skärgårdens öar (kärnöar).

Underprissättning vid börsintroduktioner innebär att aktiens pris stiger i värde från dess teckningskursvid slutet av första handelsdagen. På grund av IT-företagens volatila kassaflöde uppstår svårigheter vidprissättningen inför en börsintroduktion. Underprissättning kan således vara särskilt förekommandeinom IT-sektorns börsintroduktioner. För att undersöka detta genomfördes en omfattande analys av 60företags börsintroduktioner på Nasdaq Stockholm sedan år 2000. På basis av tidigare slutsatser,undersöktes skillnader i underprissättning mellan svenska IT-företag och icke IT-företag utifrånföretagets ålder, marknadsläge, storlek och erbjudandets relativa storlek. Studien visade något högreunderprissättning av IT-företag i jämförelse med andra företag, däremot var denna tendens inte avstatistisk signifikans. Studiens resultat visar också att marknadsläget ökar underprissättningen men attdenna effekt berörde alla undersökta företag. Avslutningsvis visar resultaten även att IT-företagensålder inte har en signifikant påverkan på underprissättning.

The tick size regime on systematic internalisers (SIs) was seen as a necessary action to level the playing field between SIs and other trading venues, with the hopes to improve the market composition and market quality in favour of regulated markets. However, the previous literature objects to the view as SIs may have gained the first-mover advantage from their previous tick size exemption. This thesis aims to examine whether the MiFID II tick size regime implementation for SIs on June 26, 2020, alters the market composition and improves the market quality at Nasdaq Stockholm. We consider 45 Swedish stocks with the highest daily average turnover to conduct difference-in-difference regressions. We find that the market quality worsens at Nasdaq Stockholm, while the market composition remains unaffected by the SI tick size regime implementation. The quoted spreads, effective spreads and price impact increase at Nasdaq Stockholm following the SI tick size regime. Impatient traders who trade on information may have rerouted their orders to Nasdaq Stockholm after the event since SIs can no longer offer the avoidance of the price-time priority. Therefore, SIs may have an important role in attracting informed traders who consume rather than supply liquidity. However, the interpretation of the results is conditioned on an inflow of traders from SIs to Nasdaq Stockholm, which we cannot explicitly measure due to the order flow not being adjusted for orders less than the standard market size.

Date: 09 – 06 – 2020                                     Level: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, 15 hp   Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University   Authors:         Abdullah Al-jadir       Mohamad Alnemesh                 1996-01-13                   1990-01-03   Title: Exploration of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the healthcare industry Supply Chain.   Tutor: Edward Gillmore   Keywords: Viruses, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Supply Chain, Healthcare, healthcare industry, Logistics, Stockholm.   Research question: To what extent does the global pandemic COVID-19 have an impact on the supply chain of the healthcare industry in Stockholm? Purpose: The purpose of the study is to discover how the healthcare industry is affected by a global pandemic through the supply chain in Stockholm.    Method: The study is based on a qualitative method involving secondary and primary data in order to fulfill the research’s purpose. Interviews were conducted with several personnel in the healthcare industry.   Conclusion: Concluded that Stockholm including the rest of the world is put in a critical condition due to unavailable medical tools and restrictions in the supply chain resulting in shortages.

Famines were recurring events in the early-modern world. This thesis aims to identify and analyse institutional, social, and political parameters that improved or reduced the society’s capacity for crisis management and institutional adaptations in Stockholm in times of foodshortages during the period 1650–1750. The study consists of four case studies. The study shows that the government effectiveness improved during the investigated period, which increased the possibilities to mitigate the consequences of famine. Furthermore, the ambition to protect the social order seems to have been the most important driving force to take measures to ease and prevent famines in Stockholm. I conclude that very few institutional adaptations to prevent future famines were made during the period. Most likely because the elite lacked political incentives to act. The study provides knowledge on societal resilience in the early-modern era

This study is focusing on trying to find patterns and tendencies in previous Olympic Winter Games forthe economic variables regional GDP, rate of unemployment and tourism, which are then applied toStockholm County. By doing this, the study is trying to predict changes in these variables in the caseof a future Winter Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. The method used is based around linearregressions. By applying linear regressions on changes in these variables from previous WinterOlympics, the study tries to find similar patterns both in the period leading up to the event, as well asa period following the event. The results are found to be very individual from event to event whichimplies that there is no general effect from hosting the Winter Olympics that can be expected.However, some trends, regarding specific events that are more likely to resemble a potential WinterOlympics in Sweden, shows us that an increase in regional GDP and a decrease in regional rate ofunemployment might be the effects of a swedish event.