Object of the research – formation of capital structure. Objective of the research is to investigate the behaviour of Lithuanian companies from the pecking order theory and harmonization of business and financial risk point of views. The main tasks are solved: 1) to investigate the traditional and modern theories of capital structure and to make comparison analysis; 2) to find out the factors that influence the formation of capital structure; 3) to verify the hypothesis of making capital structure decisions under pecking order theory; 4) to verify the hypothesis of harmonization of business and financial risk making the decisions of capital structure formation. The applied area of the research - the companies that shares are quoted in the Vilnius Security Exchange and are listed in the Official and Current Trade List. In order to analyse the main theories of capital structure formation and to make its comparison, to find out the factors that effect capital structure the scientific woks were studied. Verifying of the hypothesis of making capital structure decisions under pecking order theory and harmonization of business and financial risk the correlation analysis was done and graphical methods were applied.

Darbe nagrinėjamos elipsinio tipo II rūšies beveik kontaktinės metrinės struktūros matematinėje literatūroje yra mažai tyrinėtos. Jos egzistuoja beveik kompleksinių daugdarų, turinčių B-metriką, normalizuotuose hiperpaviršiuose. Tiriama dviparametrinė tokių struktūrų šeima elipsinio tipo B-erdvės hiperpaviršiuje. Ryšys tarp šeimos struktūrų savybių įrodytas lemose ir teoremoje 3. / An almost contact metric structure (φ, ξ, η, g) of the elliptic type and of the second kind is defined in (2n-1)-dimensional manifold M2n-1 by affinor , vector , covector and metric gij satisfying the conditions: , , , . Such a structure induces in normalized hypersurfaces M2n-1 of manifolds M2n equipped with almost complex structure F and B-metric G. If Riemannian connection is F-connection, manifold M2n is called the B-space of the elliptic type. In the article, 2-parametric set aG+bF, a, b=const, of metrics in M2n is viewed. The set defines in the hypersurface M2n-1 a set of almost contact metric structures of the elliptic type of the second kind. The main result of the article is proof of the theorem. If M2n is B-space of elliptic type, normality, integrability, contacty of one structure in the set of almost contact metric structures is equivalent to normality, integrability, contacty, respectively, of all structures.

This dissertation paper defends a thesis that as the Lithuanian enterprises more actively participate in international contracts, the need for financing grows. In order to minimize possible microeconomic and macroeconomic loss, it is necessary to form the expediente strategy of financing; emphasizing costs of alternatives financial sources under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Analyses conducted in the thesis were sought to contribute both conceptually (by formation of systems and models of capital structure) and practically (by implementation of such systems and models) to financing of companies activities, and to maximizing of EVA. The EVA reveals the dependence of an enterprise’s profitability on the employed capital for gaining that profit. The conceptual need urges to determine the zone of effectiveness of rational capital structure, which stipulates the growth of EVA. Scientific relevance of the dissertation is the main results of the scientific study presented for public maintenance. First, one studied adequate motives under Lithuanian conditions that encourage enterprises to study the substantiation of capital structure formation. The preconditions and criteria affecting the financing decisions of Lithuanian enterprises were conceptually grounded while stressing the aspects of finance market globalization. Second, the systemic capital leverage management model was created; involves the three main ranges that affect enterprises’ activity: internal enterprise’s... [to full text]

Magistro darbo objektas – šiuolaikinis Lietuvos dokumentinis kinas. Darbo tikslas – darbo objektą išanalizuoti komunikaciniu bei kultūriniu aspektais. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai – nustatyti dokumentinio filmo definiciją, ištirti dokumentinį kiną herojaus vaizdo vaidmenimis, įvardinti lietuviškų dokumentinių filmų struktūrų bei novatoriškumo tendencijas. Naudojantis kino bei fotografijos teksto kokybinės analizės metodu bei pasirinktomis komunikacijos ir kultūrų teorijomis, prieita prie išvados, kad senoji dokumentikos kaip tikrovės atspindžio definicija nebeatitinka reiškinio empirikos, todėl teikiamas naujas apibrėžimo variantas; taip pat, – kad tam tikri protagonistų vaidmenys yra būdingi tik tam tikriems dokumentikos žanrams; ir kad mūsų dokumentikos specifiką sąlygoja nacionalinis kūrėjų charakteris bei kultūrinis pagrindas. Atlikus tyrimą nustatyti trys pagrindiniai komponentai: žanrinis lietuvių dokumentinio kino laukas, jo struktūrinės sąrangos bei jame veikiančių herojų tipai. Naratyvai suskirstyti į dvi – uždarojo ir atvirojo pobūdžio struktūras. Toks struktūravimas patvirtino prielaidą, jog pasirinktas filmo naratyvas lemia vaizduojamųjų vaidmenis, jų santykį su tikrove, verbaliką. Išsiaiškinta, jog lietuvių dokumentikos kontekste tarp kitų figūruoja du žanrai: publicistika bei poetika; pirmasis jų suvokiamas sklandžiai, nes primena televizinį produktą, antrojo percepcija yra kur kas sudėtingesnė dėl nekonvencionalaus turinio, todėl jam priimti būtina speciali... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The paper deals with the analysis of contemporary Lithuanian documentary film in the field of communication and culture theories, where “contemporary” film is considered to be made more or less in the last ten years. It analyses the object in the terms of innovation of definition, iconography of the protagonist and structures of narratives. The definition of documentary film is examined on the one hand from the journalistic point of view, characterizing it as a fact-based film that depicts actual events and persons; on the other hand, in the film theory sight it is considered to be a manipulative narration of the story, taken out of reality. A central question is if characteristics of factuality is remaining the main one talking about the documentary film, as the examples of Lithuanian poetic documentaries are far-off exposing of reality. That is why this study suggests a new definition of the object, putting a director’s role in the narrative above actual reflection of factuality: a documentary is called here a director’s viewpoint (in the case of Lithuanian poetic genre – a meditation) on the phenomena of the objective reality. Qualitative film text analysis and the communicational approaches of John Fiske, Marshall McLuhan and Jean Baudrillard’s ideas provide the theoretical framework for the study. Documentary films are analyzed as the object of science of communication. It is focused on reading the communicational codes and conventions in different genres of documentary... [to full text]

Magistro darbo objektas – sociologiniai visuomenės tyrimai. Darbo tikslas Apžvelgti Lietuvoje atliktus sociologinius tyrimus. Išanalizuoti visuomeninės Lietuvos televizijos (toliau LTV) autorinėse laidose rodomų visuomenės atstovų socialinius ryšius, remiantis stratifikacijos modeliais suskirstyti juos į klases. Atlikti socialinį ekrano žmonių pjūvį, atskleisti šiandieninės Lietuvos visuomenės portretą – vystymosi, kaitos, lūžio etapų aspektus, nustatyti prielaidas, lėmusias vienokią ar kitokią visuomenės stratifikaciją. Palyginti realybėje egzistuojantį visuomenės modelį su tuo, kuris atsispindi televizijos laidose. Darbo uždaviniai: Sužinoti kokie yra atlikti sociologiniai tyrimai, ką, remdamiesi jais, galime sužinoti apie Lietuvos visuomenę, jos struktūrą, modelius ir kitus segmentus. Ištirti bei apžvelgti atliktų sociologinių tyrimų medžiagą, statistinius duomenis, LTV laidų archyvinę medžiagą, susisteminti, suklasifikuoti laidų dalyvius, taip pat išnagrinėti kitą, socialinius aspektus nagrinėjančią, medžiagą, padėsiančią patvirtinti arba paneigti keliamą hipotezę. Išsiaiškinti, ar egzistuoja skirtumas tarp Lietuvos televizijos laidose formuojamos visuomenės modelio ir modelio, kuris pagrįstas atliktų sociologinių tyrimų duomenimis bei išvadomis. Naudojantis mokslinės literatūros analize, tiriant televizijos laidų dalyvius, buvo prieita išvados, kad Lietuvos visuomenės modelis neatitinka to modelio, kurį sukuria televizijos. Darbe kelta hipotezė pasitvirtino. Darbe... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Theme actuality. Television like phenomenon has been analyzed and explored since it had begun. Television has become an usual discussion object because it has positive aspects (information, discovery opportunities) and also for negative (irresponsible view into facts, law defiance, bad influence for youngest users groups, too big commerciality).Finding parallels by comparing television public model with model which was made by social public analysis will help to find and understand what we see in TV screen. It is important to study persons types who we see in TV like separate public model. My work aim is to overlook the social analysis which was made in Lithuania, also to research public representative from LTV who have them own copyrighted shows social links according stratification models and separate them into groups. Also to perform sociological shows heads cut, to reveal today’s Lithuanian public portrait-development, changing, fracture stage aspects, to set presumptions which has determined public stratification. Compare public model which exists in reality with model which reflects in TV shows. Research object. The newest Social research institute, Lithuania Statistic Department accomplished analysis, statistical data, others whose department’s social analysis which can be found in them database also LTV archives ant documents converged with LTV work. I will try to examine the hypothesis that persons who take part in LTV shows social reality doesn’t mach Lithuanian... [to full text]

Verslo nuosavybės ekonomikos magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali tuo, kad valstybės skola šiandieninėje švietėjiškoje ir politinėje visuomenėje yra vienas aktualiausių klausimų, kadangi tai liečia netik pačią valstybę, valstybės vyriausybę, bet ir visus valstybės gyventojus, jų socialinę aplinką, ateities kartas. Valstybės skola ir jos atsiradimo priežastys svarbios ekonomikos mokslo dalykui, nes tai valstybės ekonomikos vystymuisi reikšmingas veiksnys. Atliekamo aprašomojo tyrimo metu bus siekiama, išanalizavus Lietuvos valstybes skolos struktūrą, jos pokyčius bei įtaką Lietuvos ekonomikai per keletą pastarųjų dešimtmečių, nustatyti išskirtų laikotarpių skolinimosi ypatumus, atskleisti Lietuvos skolos valdymo aspektus bei efektyvumą. Tyrimo metu bus tikrinama ši hipotezė (H1): Lietuvos valstybės skolinimosi rizika ir skolos didėjimo problema valdoma netinkamai. Tyrimo objektas - Lietuvos valstybės skola. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas - išnagrinėti valstybės skolos teorinius aspektus, Lietuvos valstybės skolos raidą, analizuojant statistinius ir analitinius duomenis bei ištirti jos poveikio ekonomikai vertinimo ir valdymo problemas. Darbo metu analizuojami statistiniai ir analitiniai duomenys apie Lietuvos valstybės skolą ir šalies ekonomiką. Taipogi interpretuojami įvairūs moksliniai straipsniai, kuriuose vienu ar kitu aspektu analizuojama Lietuvos valstybės skola, jos valdymo ir įtakos ekonomikai problemos. Atliktas tyrimas ir analizė iš dalies patvirtina... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / State debt: structure, process and influence to Lithuanian economy/ Master’s Work in Business Equity Economics. Supervisor assoc. doc. dr. L. Šadžius. – Vilnius: Faculty of Economics and Finance Management, Mykolas Romeris University, 2009. – 89 p. The relevance of Master’s work in Business Equity Economics is disclosed by the fact that state debt is one of the most talking points in modern day society, because it involves not only the state, the state government, but also the whole population, their social environment and future generations. The state debt and its coming reasons are important to science of economy, because it is an important factor to the growth of state economy. Performing the descriptive analysis it is pursued to identify the borrowing peculiarities of separated periods, to reveal the aspects and effectiveness of Lithuanian state debt management by analyzing the structure, changes of Lithuanian state debt and its influence to Lithuanian economy. During the analysis the hypothesis (H1) would be tested: The borrowing risk and the problem of state debt growth are managed wrongly. The object of the analysis is Lithuanian state debt. The main purpose of this master thesis is to analyze the theoretical aspects of state debt, the process of Lithuanian state debt by analyzing statistical and analytical data and to analyze the estimation and management problems of Lithuanian state debt influence to Lithuanian economy. While writing the master thesis, the... [to full text]

Atlikus Lietuvoje gyvenančių kiaunių gausos ir sumedžiojimo analizę nustatyta, kad pastarąjį dešimtmetį Lietuvoje kasmet vidutiniškai sumedžiojama apie 500 kiaunių. Tendencija didėjanti. Iki šiol nežinoma kiek kiaunių sumedžiojama pagal atskiras jų rūšis. Naudojant du skirtingus amžiaus nustatymo metodus, abiejų kiaunių rūšių (M. martes ir M. foina) pirmamečių individų nustatyta daugiau nei suaugusių. Pirmamečių miškinės kiaunės patelių buvo nustatyta 12,5 % daugiau nei pirmamečių patinų. Nustatyta, kad abiejų kiaunių rūšių patinai buvo stambesni už pateles, tačiau jų lytinis dimorfizmas nėra stipriai išreikštas. Abiejų kiaunių rūšių patinai statistiškai patikimai skyrėsi tik pagal kūno masės ir krūtinės apimties duomenis (p< 0,1). Ištyrus Lietuvos kiaunių užsikrėtimą trichinelioze, konstatuota, kad 8,3 proc. kiaunių nustatyta Trichinella sp., o 1 g raumenų vidutiniškai rasta 1 šio parazito lerva. / After the assessment of martens abundance and hunting analysis stated that in past ten years in Lithuania the hunted martens are 500. The hunting tendency and numbers are growing. At this moment is unknown number about hunting different species individually (M. martes & M. foina). In this population first year specimens was dominating against adults. First year Pine marten female in population was 12,5 % more than first year males. Both species martens males were larger than females, but the sexual dimorphism wasn’t strong . Both species males had two different statistically positive features – body weight and chest size (p< 0,1). Investigated Lithuanian martens from trichinelosis was determined that 8,3 % martens has Trichinella spp. and in 1g. Muscle in average was found 1 this parasite larvae.

Nowadays much attention is paid to air pollution in the world. Effective and suitable management of atmosphere protection is very important, because climate change, human health and survival of biodiversity depends on it. For these reasons atmosphere protection management should get our special interest. The aim of this work is to analyse the structure of atmosphere protection in Lithuania and to provide proposals on how to improve it. This work also suggests how to improve the policy of atmosphere protection and ensure appropriate air quality in Lithuania. This master‘s work consists of four parts, which are designated to analyse the structure of atmosphere protection management and cooperation between institutions, to make systematic analysis of atmosphere protection laws and examine possible inaccuracies, to find inaccuracies in institutional, legal and financial systems, which are related to the management of atmosphere protection and to sugest some improvements on how to improve the structure of atmosphere protection management and the policy of atmosphere protection. Implementing the tasks of this master‘s work, the importance of atmosphere air management was taken into consideration in the context of sustainable development, Lithuanian and European Union laws and Lithuanian institutional structure of atmosphere protection management were analysed and suggestions related to the improvement of atmosphere protection management structure improvement were given. The... [to full text]

As urban development in the 20th century has become the issue of global concern, more and more new territories have been occupied due to high intensity of the development. International conferences devoted to the regulatory issues of city development held within the current decade (such as HABITAT II held in Istanbul, 1996, ATHENS’98 – in Athens, 1998, URBAN 21 – in Berlin, 2000, and a conference in Brussels, 2001, etc) emphasized the majority of developmental aspects including the great focus on the necessity to further form urban structures with the priority of internal city development looking for more effective and more universal functional uses of the territories, restoration of the existing downtown areas and preservation of their original character. As other post-soviet countries, Lithuania has been also facing the need to reorganize various spheres including urban development. Urban territories have been dangerously expanded, especially during the soviet period, due to the increased general city building-up areas, mostly expressed by the territorial expansion rather than gradual and consistent development (by the use of internal reserves of the city). After the restoration of Lithuanian independence, privatisation, changed character of housing construction, return of land and real estate to the previous owners and increasing value of land under the free market conditions remarkably modified the nature of urban development in Lithuania, at the same time revealing the... [to full text]

For the purpose of this study, the geometric images refer to the results obtained by reproducing the percept of elements that constitute the content of geometry. The scientific problem addressed in this study is the achievement of more effective geometric images formation at primary school stages on the basis of holistic approach to the geometric education. The study objective is to get deeper knowledge of the mechanism on the formation of geometric images at primary school. The theoretical analysis includes the definition of geometric image conception worked out based on the works of scientists representing a variety of different disciplines, the overview of the existing situation with respect to the formation of geometric images in pupils of primary school and modelling of geometric images formation process at primary school stage based on the results of theoretical analysis. The experimental study on the development of geometric images at primary school stages was planned based on the hypothetical geometric images formation model. The study has been narrowed down to the evaluation of the impact that the manual constructive geometry has upon the geometric images of schoolchildren. The empirical reasoning of dissertation, in total: questionnaire data completed by 653 schoolchildren and qualitative data collected in the result of formative experiment. The results of the study may be applied in the process of training future teachers of primary school. They may also be... [to full text]