Ce projet s’intéresse aux représentations que fait le cinéma des territoires et à la manière dont ces représentations reflètent des grands enjeux socio-spatiaux. L’espace cinématographique devient une clé d’entrée pour l’analyse géographique. Cette analyse porte plus particulièrement sur les représentations que fait le cinéma québécois contemporain des espaces urbains, ruraux et périurbains. Les récits et les représentations spatiales qui les composent se positionnent souvent sur les enjeux socio-spatiaux, produits par l’histoire nationale et les processus socioéconomiques. La proposition d’analyser les représentations cinématographiques en lien avec le contexte socioéconomique vise deux principaux objectifs conceptuels. D’une part, elle s’intéresse à une meilleure compréhension du façonnement des discours sur l’espace, en ce qui a trait à leur émergence et leur négociation. D’autre part, l’analyse vise une définition élargie des espaces ruraux, urbains et périurbains contemporains, en révélant la complexité et simultanément, la simplification dont ils font l’objet, ainsi que les enjeux qui leurs sont associés. Il s’agit d’exploiter la cinématographie québécoise comme un outil d’analyse qui permet de dévoiler la diversité des discours socio-spatiaux. Des approches quantitatives et qualitatives d’interprétation des discours sont jumelées pour réaliser une analyse complète. La méthode retenue est l’analyse critique du discours (ACD), qui tient compte des rapports idéologiques et vise à la dénaturalisation du discours. En quelques mots, l’analyse consiste en l’identification de relations entre les représentations spatiales et le contexte socioéconomique duquel elles ont émergé. Le cadre opérationnel est constitué d’un corpus de 50 films québécois réalisés entre 1980-2008, « lus » à l’aide d’une grille de lecture originale et analysés avec des méthodes d’analyse spatiale et statistique, combinées à une interprétation qualitative. L’analyse quantitative révèle que le monde urbain et le monde rural sont souvent mis en opposition. Les films font de Montréal le principal pôle urbain, tandis que le reste du Québec est associé au milieu rural. Influencées par les flux culturels et économiques globaux, les représentations montréalaises suggèrent une ville fragmentée et continuellement en mouvement. En opposition à ces représentations urbaines, les cinéastes envisagent l’espace rural comme étant exempt de travail, axé sur le chez-soi et doté d’un esprit communautaire. Il est suggéré que la ville, toujours en croissance, restreint les possibilités d’un développement communautaire fort. Face à une ville transformée par la globalisation et en perte d’authenticité, une forme de régionalisme est observée. Ce dernier associe un ensemble de valeurs à une communauté ou à un territoire, afin de se distinguer devant des forces globalisantes qui semblent homogénéiser les valeurs. Pourtant, l’analyse quantitative laisse voir des contradictions au sein de chaque entité géographique ou milieu. L’analyse qualitative permet d’approfondir l’interprétation et révèle sept grands discours sur les espaces urbains et ruraux. Sont notamment identifiés des discours sur la contestation de la modernité urbaine, sur la réappropriation du milieu de vie par les citoyens et sur un espace rural parfois brutal. Cette analyse amène à conclure que la diversité des discours s’explique par l’hétérogénéité des pratiques socio-spatiales, qui remettent en question l’idée d’un discours national homogène. Cela témoigne de l’évolution et la négociation des regards que nous posons sur nos espaces. Au final, cette thèse contribue à une meilleure utilisation du matériel cinématographique comme support d’étude géographique en proposant une approche méthodologique claire et originale. Sur un plan conceptuel, elle rappelle la complexité et le dynamisme des représentations territoriales québécoises, ainsi que les stratégies de négociation des cinéastes face aux enjeux socio-spatiaux vécus dans la province. / Fictional narratives help identify novel perspectives regarding both socio-spatial practices and perceptions of space. By extracting geographic data out of cinematic narratives, it is possible to investigate their relationship with major socio-spatial issues. This dissertation studies the territory of Quebec through its film production. More precisely, this research examines the way in which urban, rural and suburban areas are represented through Quebecois cinema. Narratives and spatial representations express values associated with the spaces and cultural practices produced by national development. The spatial representations under study offer, therefore, important insight into socio-spatial issues that are of concern to Québec society. The proposal to analyze cinematic representations in relation to the spatial practices has two main conceptual objectives. On the one hand, it is interested in developing a better understanding of the role of socio-spatial practices in shaping cinematographic representations. On the other hand, the analysis aims at elaborating a comprehensive definition of contemporary urban, rural and suburban areas, revealing their complexity and ongoing transformation. Thus, the goal is to deploy Quebec cinema as an analytical tool in order to identify the diversity of socio-spatial discourses. Quantitative and qualitative approaches to interpret discourses are combined for a comprehensive analysis. The chosen method is a critical discourse analysis (CDA), which takes account of ideologies and seeks the denaturalization of discourses. In a nutshell, the analysis involves the identification of relationships between observed spatial representations and the socio-economic context in which they are embedded. The empirical basis for this analysis is a corpus of 50 Quebec films produced between 1980 and 2008, analyzed by using a comprehensive reading grid. Spatial and statistical analysis as well as qualitative interpretation were used, in turn, to examine the resulting data. The quantitative analysis shows that urban and rural worlds are often set in opposition. In general, filmmakers associate urban space with Montreal, while the rest of Quebec is represented in relationship to rural spaces. Dominant representations of Montreal suggest a fragmented city, constantly in motion, and deeply influenced by global cultural and economic flows. In contrast to these globalizing urban representations, filmmakers propose rural areas free from work, focused on private space and community spirit. Accordingly, cinematographic discourses imply that ever increasing urbanization undermines community development. In light of this presumed loss of community, certain films mobilize the development of local identity. The latter links a set of values to a community or a territory in order to distinguish itself from the presumably homogenizing impact of globalization. Despite the presence of these overarching narratives, the quantitative analysis also reveals deep contradictions within each kind of territory. The qualitative analysis allows for further interpretation, revealing seven distinct territorial discourses in the films under study. These discourses challenge a fragmented view of the city, encouraging at times the reappropriation of the urban environment by citizens. Rural territories, on the other hand, are represented as violence and crisis-prone, while one can also obverse the emergence of discourses surrounding suburban areas. One is led to conclude that the diversity of discourses reflects a heterogeneity of socio-spatial practices, which in turn challenges the idea of one dominant discourse. This fine-grained analysis highlights a series of social negotiations that underpin the contemporary transformation of Quebec. Ultimately, this thesis contributes to a better use of film as a support material for geographic analysis, by offering a clear and original methodological approach. At a conceptual level, it demonstrates the complexity and dynamism of Québec territorial representations, as well as the legitimization strategies used by filmmakers to address the socio-spatial issues experienced in the province.

This thesis situates women as stakeholders in Canada’s post-war suburban development in their roles as designers, builders, owners and investors. By 1949, 60 percent of properties in the Municipality of Oak Bay, a suburb of Victoria, British Columbia, were held in female ownership. Most women owned houses jointly with their husbands. Others owned houses, vacant lots, commercial buildings and investment properties solely in their name. To understand the role that women played in shaping the built landscape of this post-war Canadian suburb between 1940 and 1960, information for each female owned property, along with a 20 percent sample, was collected from the municipality’s 1949 property assessment roll. Results were matched with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to illustrate the spatial characteristics of these ownership patterns and building permit records were examined. In-depth interviews were conducted with eleven women who spoke about their own or a relative’s experiences as property owners.

Le débat actuel, portant sur la consommation des territoires qui est associée à la périurbanisation caractérisée par la maison individuelle, nous a amené à entreprendre notre travail. La volonté d’inscrire l’évolution des tissus périurbains dans une historiographie architecturale et urbaine nous a conduit à analyser ces formes périurbaines, à travers l’étude des processus et mécanismes morphogénétiques. La densité a eu mauvaise presse auprès des scientifiques et professionnels de la ville, aujourd’hui celle-ci semble être considérée comme un remède à l’étalement des territoires. Ainsi, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’instrumentalisation de la densité par les différents acteurs de la Ville, à travers les lois, les documents d’urbanisme. Nous nous sommes penchés sur l’étude de la définition de la densité, de sa place dans la théorie urbanistique et du rapport qu’elle entretient avec la morphogénèse des tissus périurbains. Ce travail aborde la transformation des tissus périurbains (dont l’analyse est peu présente dans les travaux scientifiques) au travers du prisme des espaces intermédiaires, que nous considérons comme un enjeu important dans l’évolution durable des territoires. Enfin, ce travail s’est proposé de réaliser une nouvelle lecture des espaces périurbains par les espaces intermédiaires à l’échelle de la parcelle pavillonnaire, en considérant que l’analyse des transformations, qui s’y déroulent, représente un élément marquant/discriminant pour l’élaboration des politiques urbaines. / Actually the discussion about the use of territories, which is associated with suburbanization characterized by the house led us to undertake our research. The research aims to include the development of peri-urban fabrics in architectural and urban historiography. And from that, we have analysed these suburban forms. Density has a bad press among scientists and city professionals; today it seems to be considered as a cure for the urban sprawl. Therefore, we have looked at the exploitation of the density by the different actors of the City, through legislation, planning documents. We focused on the study of the definition of density, its place in urban theory and its relation with peri –urban fabric morphogenesis. This research addresses the transformation of suburban fabric (whose analysis is not present in the scientific work) through the prism of the “in-between spaces”, which we consider an important issue in the sustainable development of territories. Finally, this work has proposed to produce a new reading of suburban areas by the “in-between spaces” in the suburban plot, whereas the analysis of the transformations that take place, are a prominent feature for urban policy.

Strong development of suburbanization in the bigger towns of the Czech Republic, coupled with the arrival of younger families with kids in suburbia, leads to the need to increase the capacity of primary schools serving these facilities, respectively suburbia. In contrast, the peripheral rural areas are faced with the opposite problem. This thesis is devoted to basic education in the territory MEP České Budějovice. It monitors the deployment, how full a capacity of primary schools fully and not fully organized, distribution of child (pupil) of the population, declared a real school catchment of individual settlements to individual fully and not fully organized elementary schools and public transit options pupils in basic schools. Additionally, also evaluates the skills of individual primary school and their construction and urban characteristics. As a result, the issue is synthesized and implemented optimization proposal territorial organization of basic education in selected area.

An object of this diploma thesis is a study of daily rhythms of municipalities in the Central Bohemian Region. The aim is to bring new insights into the daily rhythms of the suburban zone of the Prague Metropolitan Area and the Central Bohemian Region. The work has three main objectives. The first objective is to create a typology of the Central Bohemian municipalities according to their daily rhythms. Mobile phone location data is used to create the typology. There was used a method called cluster analysis. The second objective is to evaluate the daily rhythms in selected municipalities (Kněževes, Ořech, Tochovice) in detail with other data (mobile phone location data from Prague Institute of Planning and Development and commuting data from the Census 2011). Using these sources, I want to highlight the obstacles, but also the benefits of using mobile phone location data in studying of daily rhythms. The last objective is to describe in these three municipalities the pacemakers which influent their timing. The results show that in the Central Bohemian region dominate municipalities with a residential type of daily rhythm. Most of these municipalities are located in the suburban zone of Prague, while in other municipalities of the Central Bohemian region is the rhythm often almost balanced. Large...

High Altitude Platforms (HAP) has been evolving to make a new history in wireless communications infrastructure. A number of applications and services have been proposed for HAP based communications which advance HAP over terrestrial and satellite infrastructure for future communications. Providing high speed multimedia mobile communications through HAPs to the users of Third Generation (3G) holds strong position using one of the proposed band, 2GHz. In this study we investigated how to improve the performance of 3G serving from HAP over a territory having suburban characteristics. Two proposed channel models, free space loss and shadowing loss, has been used to analyze the performance of HAP systems at 2GHz frequency band for suburban regions. Three different parameters namely antenna bore point, HAP antenna roll off factor and user antenna roll off factor have proposed to improve the performance of HAP systems while considering suburban regions. A scenario has introduced consisting of an ideal suburban and rural region to serve 3G services while emphasizing on suburban region. The number of HAPs required to serve the defined suburban region is restricted to at least three due to elevation dependent losses in the scenario. The three proposed parameters have been used to improve the performance of 3G services over the selected suburban region. Application of the parameters over suburban region gives different performances which can be categorized in different ways. Some of the parameters are more elastic than others for a certain coverage area. We conclude with adaptive application of the parameters for 3G services over suburban area to have improved performance of HAP. / +46720459586

Cette recherche porte sur les mutations paysagères et les stratégies foncières locales mises en œuvre par les exploitants agricoles à la périphérie de la ville de Lomé au Togo. Elle s’appuie sur une approche pluridisciplinaire qui intègre des questions sur la démographie, l’occupation des sols, la marchandisation des terres et les perceptions des différents acteurs de ces espaces. Des méthodes à la fois qualitatives et quantitatives sont mises en œuvre ; mobilisant des données démographiques à l’échelle la plus fine, des images satellitaires sub-métriques, une base de données sur les prix des terres, une série d’entretiens auprès d’informateurs-clé impliqués dans le foncier et une enquête quantitative auprès d’un large échantillon d’exploitants agricoles.Les résultats montrent que les périphéries de la ville de Lomé se recomposent aujourd’hui dans leur structure économique, leur organisation spatiale et leur tissu social. Cette recomposition s’inscrit dans un mouvement général de croissance démographique forte, engagé depuis la deuxième moitié du XXème siècle et qui se manifeste à la fois par l’augmentation rapide du nombre de localités peuplées et par la croissance démographique des localités elles-mêmes. Près de 15 nouvelles localités apparaissent chaque année dans cette petite région et le nombre des localités de plus de 1000 habitants a augmenté de 80 à 168 entre 1970 et 2010. Le volume important de la population ainsi que la croissance rapide sont une dimension essentielle du développement. Cette densification du peuplement est à la fois une cause et une conséquence de la course effrénée à la terre qui est observée à la périphérie de Lomé. Les trois-quarts des transferts fonciers sont maintenant monétarisés dans cet espace. Pourtant le marché foncier dynamique demeure encore en grande partie informel et non régulé par les pouvoirs publics. Les acquisitions foncières dans ces espaces périphériques sont en effet destinées en majorité à l’urbanisation (66 %). De fait la diminution rapide des terres agricoles qui en résulte constitue un défi majeur pour l’agriculture, surtout périurbaine. Tous les ans, une grande proportion des terres agricoles est convertie en bâti : 26 % dans les périphéries proches de la ville de Lomé et 7 % dans les périphéries plus éloignées, notamment au-delà de 25 km. La grande majorité des acquéreurs (93 %) réside dans des centres urbains proches et ces urbains sont souvent des cadres de l’administration (24 %). L’offre de terres pour le logement, limitée face à la forte demande, vient essentiellement de deux filières : la filière coutumière informelle, prédominante (77,5 %), et la filière privée formelle (22,5 %). Si la filière coutumière permet aux ménages à faibles ou moyens revenues d’accéder à la propriété foncière, elle ne garantit pas la sécurité de la tenure et les prix restent élevés par rapport au pouvoir d’achat des populations. La structuration de ces filières d’approvisionnement en terre pour le logement sera déterminante pour que l’urbanisation ainsi que le processus de peuplement contribuent à une croissance plus inclusive et à une prospérité partagée et ne constitue pas une opportunité manquée pour l’agriculture.Cette marchandisation des terres permet toutefois aux femmes, longtemps marginalisées par la tenure foncière coutumière, d’accéder à la terre. Contrairement aux hommes, ces femmes perçoivent la croissance urbaine comme une opportunité pour leur exploitation agricole et leurs stratégies foncières visent au maintien de l’agriculture. Les femmes deviennent sans doute des acteurs importants pour le maintien des activités agricoles dans ces espaces périphériques sous tension autour des villes africaines. / This research focuses on the transformation of suburban areas in the southern part of the republic of Togo, and in particular on the transformation of rural areas around cities. It’s based on multidisciplinary approach that take into consideration all questions on demography, land occupation, land selling and the perceptions of different actors involve in those areas. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to collect demographic and satellite data, and to formulate a database on land market. Also, a series of interviews of key individuals involved in land use plan and a quantitative survey of a large sample of farmers have been conducted.The results show that the economic, social and spatial transformations of suburban area of the city of Lomé is part of a general movement of strong population growth under way since the second half of the twentieth century and which is manifested both by the rapidly settlement and population growth of the localities themselves. Nearly 15 new localities appear every year in this small area and the number of localities with more than 1,000 inhabitants arose from 80 to 168 between 1970 and 2010. This intensification of settlement is both a cause and a consequence of the rapid sale of land. Three-quarters of land transfers are now monetized in this region. But this dynamic land market is still largely informal and unregulated by the government. In fact the rapid decrease of agricultural land is the main concern. Land acquisitions are indeed intended mainly to urbanization (66 %). Every year, a large proportion of agricultural land is converted to shelter: 26 % in the suburbs near the city of Lomé and 7 % in more remote peripheries, especially beyond 25 km. The vast majority of buyers (93 %) reside in nearby urban centers and these are often urban administrative managers (24 %). The supply of land for housing limited by the high demand mainly comes from two streams: the customary informal sector (77.5%), and the formal private sector (22.5%). If the customary sector allows households with low or medium incomes to access to land, it does not guarantee security of tenure and prices remain high relative to the purchasing power of the population. The structuring of these supply chains will be important to urbanization and settlement processes in order to contribute to more inclusive economic growth and shared prosperity and not a missed opportunity for agriculture.However, this land market, allows women – long marginalized by customary land tenure – access to land. Unlike men, women perceive urban growth as an opportunity for their farms and their land strategies aimed at maintaining suburban agriculture. Women become undoubtedly important players for the maintenance of agricultural activities in the suburban areas around African cities.

Depuis sa fondation à l'aube du IIIe millénaire, Mari s'impose comme une métropole proche-orientale au pouvoir politique et économique prospère jusqu'à sa destruction en 1760 av. J.-C.. Le site constitue une référence incontournable pour toute étude concernant cette période grâce à la richesse de ses données archéologiques et épigraphiques s'étalant sur une chronologie divisée en trois Villes. Comme toute cité proche-orientale, elle a révélé de nombreuses sépultures sous l'espace de vie et une probable nécropole extra-muros lui est associée. Néanmoins, les pratiques funéraires sont toujours méconnues faut d'étude archéo-anthropologique exhaustive des sépultures. Nous avons donc voulu entreprendre cette étude en réexaminant les archives et en recueillant les données taphonomiques sur le terrain. En outre, nous avons étudié l'âge et le sexe et toutes les caractéristiques biologiques des squelettes disponibles (N = 131). Ce travail a permis de dégager les principaux éléments de la norme funéraire mariote et de comprendre l'organisation des espaces funéraires suburbains et leurs relations avec l'espace de vie. Il a également permis d'aborder le mode sélectif qui a conduit les mariotes à inhumer certains de leurs défunts sous la ville plutôt qu’au sein d’une nécropole. Des ruptures concordant avec l'histoire et l'archéologie ont été identifiées dans les pratiques funéraires. Pourtant, les caractéristiques métriques dentaires, les caractères discrets et les pathologies dentaires révèlent une population homogène au cours du temps. Les lésions dentaires touchent la majorité des sujets comme dans les autres séries des sites voisins contemporains. Toutefois, le taux de carie enregistré est plus important à Mari révélant une alimentation riche, caractéristique des sociétés agricoles. Enfin, cette étude pose la question du rapport entre le changement de population et les ruptures chronologiques telles qu'elles sont renseignées par les sources épigraphiques et archéologiques. / Since it's foundation around 2900 B.C. Mari remained a powerful and prosperous near-eastern capital till its destruction in 1760 BC. This site constitutes a crucial reference in the near-eastern history for this time period due to the lavish historical and archaeological data coming from it's three successive cities. Like every near-eastern urban site, Mari revealed numerous graves beneath the floors, which are associated to a probable extra-muros cemetery. However, the burial practices were still unknown. Thus, it was decided to undertake an archeo-anthropological study of the burials by examining archived field records and taphonomical data gathered during tomb excavations. Age and sexe of each skeleton available were assessed followed by an examination of all the biological characteristics (N = 131). This study revealed the features of the funerary standard in Mari, the organisation of the funeral suburban spaces and there relationship with the subjacent occupation levels. It has also shown the selective approach that led the inhabitants to bury their dead under the city and not in a dedicated necropolis. Several breaks concurring with historical and archaeological data were identified in the funeral practices. Nevertheless, teeth metrical data, discrete traits and dental pathologies revealed a homogeneous population. Dental lesions were found on almost all of the individuals, as it is the case in other contemporaneous and neighbouring populations. Yet, the Mari dentitions showed a higher rate of caries suggesting a diet rich in carbohydrates, which is a characteristic of agricultural societies. Finally, this present study questions to what extent chronological breaks attested by historical and archaeological data can be concurrent with changes in population.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In 1946, between the municipalities of Riachuelo and Laranjeiras, in Sergipe, more precisely at kilometer 458 of BR 101, a serious train accident occurs, which enters to history as the largest rail disaster in Brazil. In it, known by the victims as "the suburban train", several people of different occupations (merchant, marketer, mason, fisherman among others) and from several regions of the interior of Sergipe traveled for commercial purposes. Dozens of dead and several injured were found at the site of the disaster, and survivors reported the incident in a criminal case of approximately 400 pages. The study we intend to present in this work becomes important, as there are still no historical reports of researchers who analyzed the biggest railway disaster in Brazil. This makes our work an unpublished research, having as a parameter the lack of complete materials at the national and regional / local level, leaving us incomplete references. Our main objective, therefore, is to reconstitute a judicial system that involved the appalling accident. We will try to analyze and pursue all the characters who were involved directly and indirectly in the episode. We will try to give visibility to forgotten subjects, the racial theories that surrounded the period, the memories and everyday scenes of a post-war Sergipe. We used for the writing, judicial sources, as the crime process to which all the plot is passed and from where we found the characters that will be mentioned while the chapters. The newspapers will become a very precious source, because we will know if the news of the disaster has touched Brazil and the world. As a strong mean of communication, newspaper reports will give us, to a certain extent, a glimpse of how the stories were spread and how journalistic circles saw the tragedy. The memories and chronicles, not least important, will contribute as a revealing material of the daily and scenario that we are analyzing. Finally, I add the Vox populi, the Cordel of Rodolfo Coelho Cavalcante from Alagoas, who portrayed the tragedy in verse and prose. The method we used for the cataloging of data was the same revealed by Carlo Ginzburg in several of his works, the indicial paradigm, in view of our search for clues that reveal the concrete guilt of the tragedy and the complex ideological reality of the 1930s and 1940, in which solidified racial ideas were circulating in the world and in Brazil. / Em 1946, entre os municípios de Riachuelo e Laranjeiras, em Sergipe, mais precisamente no quilômetro 458 da BR 101, ocorre um grave acidente de trem, que entra para a história como o maior desastre ferroviário do Brasil. Nele, conhecido pelas vítimas como “o trem suburbano”, várias pessoas de diferentes ocupações (comerciante, feirante, pedreiro, pescador entre outras) e de várias regiões do interior sergipano viajavam para fins comerciais. Dezenas de mortos e vários feridos foram encontrados no local do desastre, e os sobreviventes relataram o acontecimento num processo-crime de aproximadamente 400 laudas. O estudo que pretendemos apresentar neste trabalho torna-se importante, pois ainda não existem relatos históricos de pesquisadores que analisaram o desastre ferroviário. O que transforma o nosso trabalho numa pesquisa inédita, tendo como parâmetro a inexistência de materiais completos no âmbito nacional e regional/local, restando-nos referências incompletas. O nosso principal objetivo, portanto, permeia reconstituir uma trama judiciária que envolveu o pavoroso acidente. Buscaremos analisar e perseguir todos os personagens que estavam envolvidos direta e indiretamente no episódio. Tentaremos dar visibilidade a sujeitos esquecidos, as teorias raciais que cercaram o período, a memórias e cenas cotidianas de um Sergipe pós-guerra. Utilizamos para a escrita, fontes judiciárias, como o processo crime ao qual se passa toda a trama e de onde retiramos os personagens que serão citados no decorrer dos capítulos. Já os jornais se tornarão uma fonte muito preciosa, pois saberemos se a notícia do desastre percorreu o Brasil e o mundo. Como forte meio de comunicação, as notas de jornais nos dará, até certa medida, uma visão de como as matérias foram divulgadas e de que forma os círculos jornalísticos vislumbraram a tragédia. As memórias e crônicas, não muito menos importante, contribuirão como um material revelador do cotidiano e cenário ao qual estamos analisando. Acrescento por fim, a vox populi, o cordel do alagoano Rodolfo Coelho Cavalcante que retratou a tragédia em verso e prosa. O método que utilizamos para a catalogação dos dados foi o mesmo revelado por Carlo Ginzburg em diversas de suas obras, o paradigma indiciário1, tendo em vista a nossa busca por pistas que revelem a culpabilidade concreta da tragédia e da realidade ideológica complexa das décadas de 1930 e 1940, em que ideias raciais solidificadas estavam em circulação no mundo e no Brasil. / São Cristóvão, SE

Subject of thesis are suburban zones of cities in direct contact with willages. Their phisical urban structures as well as their development in time and processes witch affects these changes. Despite that a different european countries has different systems of spatial planning, they allwys have three main levels of planning process. These layers are: Strategic planning, regulation level and execution level. What differs is tunig of this system and wights of importance set on different „layers“. This tuning has a substential impact on way how are the cities and urban structures developer. This tuning of spatial planning systém has huge impact on physical structure and form of cities. Every setting of system brings differnt possibilities of solving problems. In both schort-term and long-term development processes. This thesis will therefore examine affects of different settings of spatial planning system in Czech Republic and Federal Republic of Germany (In specific terms – Free state of Bavaria, region of Upper Palatinate) and its long-term afffects on phisical structure of cities. With empahsis on ways in which historical village structures integrate in city structure and transform in cities districts. Goal of thesis is effort to analyse results of these two spatial planning systems. And mainly in suburban zones affected by development axes of bigger cities. Thesis will compare urban and suburban structures of two cities in two different countries. Analysed example for Czech republic is Brno. As Bavarian example stands Regensburg (as a city of comparable structure). One of important criteria is ability of systéms to effectively capture and use all of territorys development potential and possibiliteis and therefore – ability to create viable and susteinable land systems. In suburban spaces where City systems meets suburban and village systems is intensive use of existing structures and active work with subcenters crutial to susteinable development of cities.