Le but de ce mémoire est d’analyser deux oeuvres de Marguerite Duras : L’Amant et La Pluie d’été. L’étude est effectuée avec l’aide des éléments d’un genre littéraire précis : le fantastique. Ce mémoire examine les conditions pour qu’une oeuvre puisse appartenir à ce genre littéraire ; il en liste les critères, et étudie comment ces derniers sont en partie applicables à ces deux oeuvres. Le mémoire examine les prérequis pour qu’une oeuvre soit considérée comme fantastique, ainsi que les éléments qui placent une oeuvre à la limite de divers genres, tels que le conte, le merveilleux ou encore le réalisme magique. Une analyse des stratégies narratives employées pour persuader le lecteur à hésiter entre le réel et l’irréel est ici appliquée à L’Amant et La Pluie d’été, ainsi qu’une mise en avant des éléments qui peuvent faire entrer ces oeuvres dans la catégorie du fantastique. Les deux oeuvres sont ensuite étudiées séparément. Des personnages sont analysés, ainsi que les lieux, le temps et les actions. La technique narrative, avec la frontière floue entre rêve, retours en arrière et souvenirs, participe du genre fantastique. Les personnages phares, ainsi que des objets classiques du registre du fantastique, peuvent participer eux aussi de cette classification. Bien que les deux oeuvres ne soient pas explicitement classifiées par l’auteur comme appartenant au genre fantastique, il en émane une certaine atmosphère qui permet de mettre en avant des éléments qui contribuent au genre étudié, mais aussi au mode merveilleux, du réalisme merveilleux ou encore du conte. / The aim of this study is to analyze two works by Marguerite Duras: The lover and Summer rain. The study is carried out using elements of a specific literary genre: the fantastic (le fantastique). This study presents the elements needed for a work to belong to this literary genre; it lists the criteria, and studies how they partially are applicable to these two works. The conditions for a work to be considered fantastic, as well as the elements that place a work at the border of various genres, such as the folk tale, the marvelous (le merveilleux) or even the magic realism. This text presents an analysis of the narrative strategies, showing how the reader is led to doubt what is real and what is not. This study investigates The lover and Summer rain. It also highlights the elements that classify a book in the fantastic category. The two works are then studied separately. The characters are analyzed, as well as the setting, the time and the plot. The narrative technique, with the blurry borders between dreams, flashbacks and memories, belongs to the fantastic genre (le fantastique). The most important fictional4characters, as well as classic objects, can also contribute to the classification of the texts in the fantastic genre. Although the two works are not precisely classified by the author as belonging to the fantastic genre, a certain atmosphere created by Duras makes it possible to highlight elements that contribute to the genre studied, but also to the folk tale or the magic realism.

Peerbeziehungen wirken sich maßgeblich auf die Entwicklung im Jugendalter aus. Aufgrund von alltags- und behinderungsspezifischen Lebensbedingungen stehen Jugendliche mit Behinderungen dabei vor besonderen Herausforderungen, die die Möglichkeiten der Anbindung an andere Jugendliche erschweren. Angebote der Kinder- und Jugendarbeit können behinderungsbedingte Barrieren nicht immer auffangen, allerdings stellen inklusive Ferienfreizeiten dabei eine besonders geeignete und zugängliche Ausnahme dar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 46 Jugendliche, die an zwei inklusiven Ferienfreizeiten teilgenommen haben, hinsichtlich der Entstehung, Qualität, Quantität, Funktionen, Intensität, Bestand und bedeutsamer Wahlkriterien von Peerbeziehungen befragt. Im Fokus stand dabei die Differenzkategorie Behinderung, weitere Differenzkategorien wurden in die Befragung einbezogen, um Wechselwirkungen benennen zu können. Im Rahmen eines explorativen Mixed-Methods-Designs mit zwei Sequenzen erfolgte eine Auswertung in den vier Teilen deskriptive Auswertung, soziometrische Analyse, Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse sowie Fallauswertungen. Als zentrale Ergebnisse über Bedingungen für die Entstehung und Erhaltung von Peerbeziehungen von Jugendlichen mit und ohne Behinderungen konnte ermittelt werden, dass vertrauensentwickelnde, ähnlichkeitsbezogene und erlebnisbasierte qualitative Aspekte, die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale Extraversion und Offenheit sowie die kognitive Reife im Vordergrund standen. Dabei zeigte sich eine große Spannbreite entstandener Freund- und Bekanntschaften mit eher geringerem Bestand. Vor allem für Jugendliche mit Lernschwierigkeiten ergaben sich in Bezug auf die Entstehung und Entwicklung von Peerbeziehungen Wechselwirkungen ihrer Behinderungen mit höherem Alter, Introversion, Kommunikationsbarrieren, der gemeinsamen Anreise mit einer bereits bekannten Person sowie den Einstellungen der teilnehmenden Jugendlichen ohne Behinderungen. Sie haben dadurch zwar Bekanntschaften, aber eher keine Freundschaften entwickelt, was darauf hinweist, dass von einer sozialen Einbindung in die Gruppen nicht ausgegangen werden kann. Die Ausgestaltung des Settings inklusiver Ferienfreizeiten wird im Rahmen eines sozialraumorientierten Gesamtkonzepts der Jugendarbeit und Behindertenhilfe sowie einer stärkeren Fokussierung auf Gruppenprozesse inklusive begleitetem Kontakt und damit einhergehenden Einstellungsänderungen diskutiert. Es werden konkrete Hinweise für das pädagogische Handeln gegeben. / Peer relationships have a significant impact on development in adolescence. Due to everyday life and disability-specific living conditions, young people with disabilities face special challenges that make it difficult to connect with other adolescents. Child and youth work services cannot always compensate disability-related barriers, but inclusive summer camps are a particularly suitable and accessible exception. In the present study, 46 adolescents who participated in two inclusive summer camps were interviewed with regard to the development, quality, quantity, functions, intensity, continuity, and significant choice criteria of peer relationships. Besides the focus on the difference category disability, other difference categories were included in the survey in order to be able to identify aspects of intersectionality. Using an explorative mixed-methods design with two sequences, an evaluation was carried out in four parts: descriptive and sociometric analyses, qualitative content analysis, as well as case evaluations. As central results, trust-developing, similarity-related and experience-based qualitative aspects, the personality traits extroversion and openness as well as cognitive maturity emerged as conditions for the development and maintenance of peer relationships of adolescents with and without disabilities. There was a wide range of friendships and encounters with a rather low continuance. Especially for adolescents with learning difficulties, interactions of their disabilities with higher age, introversion, communication barriers, travelling together with someone they already knew, as well as the attitudes of the other participating adolescents without disabilities emerged with regard to the development and continuity of peer relationships. As a result, participants with learning difficulties developed encounters but rather no friendships, which indicates that social inclusion in the groups cannot be assumed. Concerning the design of inclusive summer camp settings, a community-based concept involving the systems of youth work and disability support as well as a stronger focus on group processes including guided contact associated with attitude changes are discussed. Practical advice for pedagogical action is given.

La croissance des flux d’immigration au Canada entraîne une diversification de la population canadienne et accentue la nécessité d’adapter les services offerts dans l’accueil des immigrants allophones. Au Québec, à l’enfance et à l’adolescence, ce sont souvent via les Services d’accueil et de soutien à la francisation (SASAF), offerts selon différentes modalités dont la scolarisation en classe d’accueil que les jeunes sont intégrés. Toutefois, d’autres programmes de nature plus ludique sont également offerts via divers organismes communautaires. C’est le cas des camps estivaux destinés aux jeunes immigrants nouvellement arrivés. Ces camps proposant diverses activités ludiques dans la communauté semblent utiles puisqu’ils visent tant à maintenir les acquis linguistiques qu’à favoriser la socialisation pendant l’été chez les nouveaux arrivants, et ce, dans le but ultime de faciliter leur cheminement scolaire. Néanmoins, malgré leur pertinence perçue, peu d’études ont documenté concrètement la mise en œuvre de ce type de camps estivaux. La présente recherche se penche donc sur l’évaluation de la mise en œuvre de quatre de ces camps estivaux dans la région montréalaise, dans le but de dégager les conditions gagnantes de leur implantation et de repérer ce qui a nui et ce qui a aidé au déploiement de leurs activités. Le premier objectif avait pour but de décrire l’implantation des camps selon leurs composantes clés et les dynamiques entre ces composantes. Puis, le deuxième objectif était d’identifier les obstacles et les facilitateurs liés à la mise en œuvre des camps, grâce à des séances d’observation et au recueil, au moyen d’entrevues individuelles et de groupes de discussion (n=17), des perceptions des acteurs impliqués (coordonnateurs, animateurs, aides-animateurs, participants). Six principaux constats ont émergé de nos résultats grâce aux analyses thématiques conduites dans cette étude. Ces constats soulignent l’importance de la formation de l’équipe d’animation, de la nature et de la flexibilité de la programmation, des attitudes de l’équipe, de la durée de participation, des coûts associés à la participation au camp ainsi que de la mixité de la clientèle comme facteurs associés à la réussite ou aux difficultés rencontrées dans la mise en œuvre des camps. Ces résultats mènent également à diverses recommandations pratiques en vue d’améliorer les conditions de mise en œuvre de futurs camps visant à soutenir pendant la période estivale la francisation et la socialisation des jeunes élèves immigrants nouvellement arrivés. / The growing immigration flows context in Canada lead to a diversification of the Canadian population and accentuate the need to adapt welcome services for allophone immigrants. In Quebec, during childhood and adolescence, it is often through the Services d’accueil et de soutien à la francisation (SASAF), which proposes different modalities such as welcome classes that immigrant youth are integrated in the school system. However, other extracurricular programs are also offered to newly arrived immigrant youth, through various community organizations. Summer camps figure among these programs offered. These camps offering various recreational activities in the community are recognized to allow immigrant youth developing their language skills and to promote their socialization during the summer, with the ultimate goal of facilitating academic progress. Despite the relevance of these summer camps, few studies have documented their implementation. Therefore, the present research aims to evaluate the implementation of four of these summer camps in the Montreal area, in order to identify the facilitators and barriers associated with their implementation. The first objective was to describe camps’ implementation according to their key components and the dynamics between them. Second, the objective was to identify the obstacles and facilitators related to these camps’ implementation, based on our observations and data that we collected, through individual interviews and focus groups (n = 17), the perceptions of the different actors involved (coordinators, animators, assistant animators, campers). Six main findings emerged from our results based on the thematic analyzes we conducted. These findings underscore counsellor team training and attitude, program nature and flexibility, length of camp participation, camp costs and heterogeneity in terms of groups’ composition as factors associated with the success or difficulties encountered during camp implementation. These results lead to various practical recommendations in order to improve the conditions for implementing future camps aimed at supporting newly arrived immigrant youth during the summer and support their francization and socialization.

No description available.

Some native warm-season forage grasses [indiangrass (IG, Sorghastrum nutans), big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii) and little bluestem (LB, Schizachyrium scoparium)] are gaining popularity for improving summer forage production and wildlife habitat in the southeastern USA. Paucity of information about appropriate harvest management limits their restoration success. An experiment was conducted to assess effects of harvest intervals (30-, 40-, 60-, 90 or 120-d) and harvest duration on forage yield and quality, plant growth, sward structure and botanical composition of their mixed stands at Bryan Farms, Clay County, MS. Total season forage was greatest for 30-d and more from first (8472 kg ha-1) than second year plots (7627 kg ha-1). Yield was reduced by up to 43% in the second harvest year. Forage quality (crude protein content and in vitro digestibility) decreased with lengthening of harvest interval and across the harvest season. Tiller weight increased while specific leaf area and relative growth rate decreased with lengthening of harvest interval in first and second year plots. Harvesting reduced sward heights the following May, but treatment did not affect sward heights. Season mean sward heights were shorter for short harvest intervals. Light interception was greatest in the control and decreased with shortening of harvest intervals. Continuous harvesting controlled Solidago canadensis, increased herbaceous forbs, and LB, but decreased IG without substantial effect on BB. Rotational harvesting at 30- or 40-d intervals may improve forage production without compromising breeding cover during recovery. Studies on other management practices including fertilizer application and timing of harvest are needed.

Title: Large sporting events' brand identification Objectives: The main objective of this work is to identify the brand personality of Summer Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup by means of marketing research. Methods: In connection with the primary data collection a method of written and electronic questioning was used. The brand personality identification of the above mentioned brands was performed based on the brand personality measurement method according to Geuens, Weijters and De Wulf (2009). For the obtained data interpretation their statistical analysis was performed. Results: Based on the research results, the brand personality of Summer Olympic Games can be described by the dimensions Responsibility, Activity and Simplicity and by characteristics stable, responsible, active, dynamic and simple. The brand personality of FIFA World Cup can be described only by the dimension Activity and by characteristics active, dynamic and innovative. Keywords: Sports brand, brand personality, brand personality measurement, brand image, brand identity, Summer Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup.

In this essay, we illustrate how the European Summer University in Digital Humanities at the University of Leipzig (hereafter referred to as “ESU”) under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Elisabeth Burr has set forth a set of values that have built and continue to model a collaborative, communal, and compassionate future for higher education. We identify three values that sit at the center of the ESU’s activities – inclusiveness, experimentation, and vulnerability. We reflect on these values from our position as workshop leaders who have had the privilege to be part of the ESU community over the past years. / In questo saggio, si illustra come l’ESU, sotto la guida di Prof. Dr. Elisabeth Burr, abbia creato un modello per il futuro dell’istruzione a livello universitario fondato sui valori della collaborazione, della collettività e della compassione. Identifichiamo tre valori caratteristici delle attività dell’ESU – l’inclusione, la sperimentazione, e la vulnerabilità. Riflettiamo su questi valori dalla nostra posizione di istruttori che hanno avuto il privilegio di far parte di questa communita’ negli ultimi anni.

This research on the forces and forms of urbanization in the Costa Blanca, in the Mediterranean West coast, aims to rethink the collective creation of landscapes by putting side by side top-down landscape planning instruments with everyday activities of things and people that change landscapes in practice. Placed in the hyphen between the disciplines of anthropology and architecture, it is based on fieldwork done by the method of participant observation and, also, participant design. Landscapes transformed by mobile populations are a perfect site to study the difficulties in implementing the democratic approach of the European Landscape Convention. The convention defines landscape as it is perceived by its inhabitants while they constantly take part in its transformation from the inside. Though, the tools available for planners and landscape designers are heirs of a political and aesthetic understanding of landscape that fixes it either as a territory to govern or a view to admire. The research departs from the moment in which these tools are taught to architects in the school. It describes a series of courses about the topic of tourism in which students and teacher made together several experiments with the profession. An experiential methodology that continues along all the chapters wich are all practice based research. After setting the stage of the Costa Blanca in a non-representational way, through an exploration on the potential of narrative to recreate places, it develops a series of variations on the tools of the architect to work with planning. The research does not define a priori what should count as ‘tourism’, ‘spoiled’, ‘valuable’, ‘agricultural’ or ‘natural’ landscapes. Interested in the moments of enjoyment, it does pay special attention to the temporalities of landscape. Fictions, maps, summer houses, events, catalogues and agendas are all in the toolbox of the architect but here they are played in the minor key, to make variations to the major key that has a tendency to prevail. Each chapter pulls a different string from mesh of landscape ecologies of practice, and follows where it leads. The tools are thus presented anew through what was learnt in the fieldwork with lifestyle migrants that seek their place in the sun and local inhabitants that have had an active role in the urban transformations of the area. Building on scholarship in landscape architecture, anthropology, science studies, tourism, planning and speculative philosophy, it follows how actors learn to be affected in the material performance of different relations between people and landscapes. The chapters are built in counterpoint to one another, using narrative and different formatting to stress the accounts of practice and more traditional ethnography. The process of writing and presenting them becomes part of the research. Also, as ways of practice that emerge from landscape transformation related to tourism are described, the question of what making the landscapes of enjoyment does to the political and professional ways of knowing about landscape becomes a central thread of the thesis. In this, it explores how enjoyment cannot be produced, enjoyment can only happen in the collective co-production of landscape, in an undercommons where it becomes 'a task to do' - an agenda for keeping us indebted and thus engaged to each other in a shared landscape.

No description available.

Smallholder farmers often have great entrepreneurial qualities that build on generations of experience. However, many farm management practices are poorly adapted to current climate change conditions. In order for farmers to understand the risks they are undertaking by following certain farming practices and to adapt accordingly, a decision support tool is being developed by researchers at TU Delft. The tool runs a socio-hydrological model, created in Python, in the back-end and provides farmer specific investment and profit data for different crops in the front-end. The aim of this study is to develop a risk assessment process that integrates hydro-climatic variability in the decision support tool, and to identify ways of communicating risk to smallholder farmers in Maharashtra, India. Two sources of variability were characterised based on a literature review of Indian farmers’ own risk perceptions; the untimely onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon and the frequency of dry spells. A sensitivity analysis was then carried out to investigate their respective effects on the farmers’ crop yields. The method proposed to evaluate these risks used a single variable, precipitation data, and a two-dimensional risk matrix to compound the two risk factors, over a time span of 14 years (2003-2016). However, the results indicate that it might be more beneficial to define dry spells in terms of crop water stress, instead of a precipitation threshold. This study also proposed a method for translating a cumulative distribution curve into a risk representation that is adapted for low-literacy users by combining numbers and text with graphics, color and voice descriptions. Ultimately, however, the usability of the tool cannot be determined solely through literature, but must involve the end-users in its design. / Småskaliga jordbrukare är goda entreprenörer som samlat på sig kunskaper och erfarenheter över flera generationer. Däremot är vissa metoder som jordbrukarna använder sig av idag för att förvalta sitt jordbruk inte anpassade till nutida klimatförändringar. För att jordbrukarna ska förstå riskerna som de åtar sig vid valet av dessa metoder försöker forskare vid TU Delft nu ta fram ett verktyg för att underlätta jordbrukares förmåga att ta självständiga men välgrundade beslut om sitt jordbruk. Verktyget är baserat på en socio-hydrologisk modell som är framtagen i Python och som förser specifika investerings- och inkomstdata för enskilda jordbrukare. Syftet med detta kandidatarbete är att bidra till verktyget genom att undersöka de hydroklimatiska risker som uppstår till följd av föränderliga och osäkra klimatologiska förhållanden för jordbrukare i delstaten Maharashtra, Indien. Två riskfaktorer karakteriserades baserat på en litteraturstudie om indiska jordbrukares riskuppfattningar: avvikelser i starten på den indiska sommarmonsunen och antal torrperioder under monsunsäsongen. Dessutom utfördes en känslighetsanalys för att undersöka om och hur den existerande modellens utdata av skörd påverkades av de valda riskfaktorerna. Monsunstarten och torrperioderna togs fram genom metoder som enbart använde historiska nederbördsdata över tidsperioden 2003-2016 och kombinerades sedan med hjälp av en tvådimensionell riskmatris. Resultaten visade att det fanns anledning att ifrågasätta hur torrperioderna definierades och att det kan vara mer fördelaktigt att undersöka vattenbrist för grödan, snarare än att enbart förlita sig på nederbördsdata. Vidare föreslog denna studie en metod för att översätta en kumulativ fördelningsfunktion till en grafisk riskframställning som är anpassad till användare med låg läskunnighet genom att kombinera siffror med text, grafik, färg och ljudförklaringar. I slutändan kan dock inte användbarheten av verktyget enbart avgöras utifrån litteratur, utan måste även inkludera återkoppling från slutanvändarna.