Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Salum.pdf: 228622 bytes, checksum: 1b454b2acd4d3e8f412a4498bafca447 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introdution:The best physical performance has been required earlier, doing as that Young athletes will be submitted the manipulation dietetic joining of the use of the dietetics supplements. Main goal: describe the consume of the dietetic used by juniors male athletes of soccer, in Florianópolis, SC. Specific goals: verify the characteristics of the consumption of food supplements, identify the orientation sources for the consumption, the purpose of the use and the perception in relation to the results obtained starting from the supplementation. Method: descriptive and exploratory search with 40 athletes that has answered the questionnaire. It took place a descriptive analysis of simple frequency and percent. Result: the age of the athletes are between 17 and 20 years old, 33% of them are between 18 and 19 years old. The ones who consume the dietetic supplements 66,6% belive that they have been achieving their goals, 62,5% of them that haven t been using the supplements, 17,5% associate to the cost of the products and the others said that the club wasn t giving them in that time. The supplements most used are the proteins with 24 users, followed the isotonic leverages with 9 user and the creatina with 6 users. The main reason for the consume, it was the lean tissue mass with 15 users (37,5%), in spite of 11 users (27,5%) are related to protein supplements, small portion (12 users) has appropriate orientation (doctor and/or nutritionist) and 93,33% didn t relate to adverse effects. Conclusion: the hypothesis of use indiscriminate of dietetic supplements is confirmed by the juniors male athletes. It was observed that the source pointed is different and many athletes don t know which the functions of the several supplements are. There isn t any kind of control in the supplements business, the professionals who work with athletes and physical act ivy should be more informed about everything that involves a dietetic manipulation and supplementation. / Introdução:O melhor desempenho esportivo está sendo exigido cada vez mais cedo, fazendo com que jovens atletas sejam submetidos a manipulações dietéticas, acompanhadas do consumo de suplementos dietéticos. Freqüentemente este consumo se faz de forma empírica, sem prescrição especializada. Objetivo geral: descrever o consumo de suplementos dietéticos utilizados por atletas juniores de futebol do sexo masculino, em Florianópolis, SC. Objetivos específicos: detectar se os atletas consomem suplementos dietéticos ; identificar as fontes de prescrição e orientação para o consumo de suplementos dietéticos; verificar quais os suplementos dietéticos consumidos; identificar os motivos e os objetivos para o consumo de suplementos dietéticos; identificar, segundo a percepção do usuário, os resultados do consumo de suplementos dietéticos. Método: pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com amostra de 40 atletas que responderam a um questionário. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva e os dados apresentados na forma de freqüência simples e percentual. Resultados: a idade dos atletas era de 17 a 20 anos, sendo que 33% tinham 18 e 19 anos. Dos atletas que consomem suplementos dietéticos 66,6% acredita estar atingindo seus objetivos. Dos 62,5% que não utilizam suplementos 17,5% associam ao custo elevado e outros 17,5% relatam que o clube não estava fornecendo naquele período. Os suplementos mais consumidos são os protéicos com 24 citações, seguido das bebidas isotônicas com 9 e da creatina com 6 citações. Quanto ao motivo para o consumo, o que mais se destacou foi o ganho de massa muscular com 15 (37,5%) citações, sendo que 11 (27,5%) citações relacionavam com os suplementos protéicos. A prescrição adequada (médico e/ou nutricionista) aparece com 12 citações. Conclusão: confirmando a hipótese pré-estabelecida o consumo de suplementos dietéticos é uma prática comum entre atletas juniores de futebol. Observou-se que a fonte de indicação é diversificada e muitos atletas não sabem quais as funções dos diversos suplementos. Como não há controle na comercialização dos suplementos, os profissionais que trabalham com atletas e praticantes de atividade física deveriam ser mais bem informados sobre tudo o que envolve uma manipulação e suplementação dietética.

Introdução: A ingestão de carboidrato (CHO) durante o exercício de resistência aeróbica de longa duração tem se mostrado capaz de otimizar o desempenho dos atletas. Alguns estudos recentes têm reportado também um efeito ergogênico quando a proteína (PTN) é adicionada a uma bebida carboidratada. Além disso, a coingestão tem sido relacionada com a atenuação do dano muscular, tido como fator limitante da recuperação muscular. No entanto, pouco se investigou sobre a influência dessas suplementações, comparadas a uma bebida placebo (PLA), no duatlo de distância olímpica. Objetivo: Comparar o efeito de três diferentes estratégias nutricionais de suplementação (CHO vs. CHO+PTN vs. PLA), durante um teste simulado de duatlo (TSD) olímpico, no desempenho e recuperação muscular de duatletas amadores. Métodos: Em um ensaio clínico, cruzado, randomizado e duplo-cego, treze atletas amadores do sexo masculino, com idade média de 29,7 ± 7,7 anos, participaram de três TSD consumindo: bebida carboidratada (CHO, 75 g); bebida isocalórica combinando carboidrato e proteína, na proporção 4:1 (CHO+PTN, 60,5 g CHO e 14,5 g PTN); e bebida placebo (PLA). Aos atletas informou-se apenas que o estudo visava investigar a influência de três diferentes tipos de suplementação. Após jejum de 8 h, sujeitos recebiam um café da manhã padrão, com 1,5 g/kg CHO e 45 min depois iniciavam o protocolo. As intensidades da primeira corrida (10 km) e da sessão de ciclismo (40 km) foram controladas, utilizando dados previamente coletados em testes preliminares, e a corrida final, de 5 km, foi tratada como um contrarrelógio (t5km). Coletas de sangue foram realizadas antes, imediatamente após e 24h após cada teste simulado, e analisou-se concentrações de glicose e creatina quinase (CK). Pico de torque (PT) isométrico foi mensurado no início do estudo e 24h após cada teste. Resultados: Os atletas completaram as distâncias totais do duatlo olímpico em ~1h 51min. Não houve diferença significativa no t5km entre as condições CHO (1270,3 ± 130,5 s) vs. CHO+PTN (1267,2 ± 138,9 s) vs. PLA (1275,4 ± 120 s); p = 0,87; TE ≤ 0,1. Os resultados de PT não demonstraram alterações significativas entre as condições basal (302,2 ± 52,8 N.m) vs. pós-24h CHO (300,1 ± 41,4 N.m) vs. pós-24h CHO+PTN (292,2 ± 49,4 N.m) vs. pós-24h PLA (282,1 ± 43,1 N.m); p = 0,24; TE ≤ 0,4. Embora, os resultados de CK tenham mostrado aumento significativo para todas as condições na comparação pré vs. pós-24h: CHO (300%; p < 0,01; TE = 0,93); CHO+PTN (82%; p < 0,01; TE = 0,73) e PLA (190%; p = 0,01; TE = 1,04), não foram encontradas diferenças entre as condições nos diferentes momentos - pré, imediatamente após e pós-24h (p = 0,32; TE = 0,3 – 1,04). Conclusão: Em uma prova simulada de duatlo olímpico, com refeição pré-teste contendo 1,5g/kg de carboidrato, as suplementações de CHO e de CHO+PTN não oferecem benefícios extras quando comparadas a uma bebida placebo no que diz respeito ao desempenho e recuperação muscular dos atletas. / Introduction: Carbohydrate (CHO) intake during long-term endurance exercise has been shown to optimize performance in athletes. Some recent studies have also reported an ergogenic effect when protein (PRO) is added to a carbohydrate drink. Furthermore, the coingestion has been related to the attenuation of muscle damage, seen as a limiting factor in muscle recovery. However, little has been investigated about the influence of such supplementation, compared to a placebo drink (PLA), in an Olympic-distance (OD) duathlon. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of three different nutritional supplementation strategies (CHO vs. CHO+PRO vs. PLA) during a simulated OD duathlon, on performance and indices of muscle recovery of amateurs duathletes. Methods: In a crossover, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, thirteen male amateur athletes, mean age 29.7 ± 7.7 years, participated in three simulated OD duathlons consuming either a carbohydrate drink (CHO, 75 g); an isocaloric drink combining carbohydrate and protein in a 4:1 ratio (CHO+PRO, 60.5 g CHO and 14.5 g PRO); or a placebo (PLA) drink. The athletes were informed that the study aimed to investigate the influence of three different types of supplementation. After an 8 hours fast, subjects received a standard breakfast, with 1.5 g / kg CHO and 45 min later the protocol began. The intensities of the first running (10 km) and cycling session (40 km) were controlled using previously collected data, and the final running, 5 km, was treated as a time-trial (t5km). Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 24 hours after each simulated duathlon and glucose and creatine kinase (CK) levels were analyzed. Isometric peak torque (PT) was measured at baseline and 24 hours after each test. Results: The athletes completed the OD duathlons in ~ 1h 51min. There was no significant difference in t5km between CHO (1270.3 ± 130.5 sec) vs. CHO+PRO (1267.2 ± 138.9 sec) vs. PLA (1275.4 ± 120 sec); p = 0.87; ES ≤ 0.1. The results of PT showed no significant changes between baseline conditions (302.2 ± 52.8 Nm) vs. 24h post-CHO (300.1 ± 41.4 Nm) vs. 24h post-CHO+PRO (292.2 ± 49.4 Nm) vs. 24h post-PLA (282.1 ± 43.1 Nm); p = 0.24; ES ≤ 0.4. Although CK results showed significant increase for all conditions when comparing pre vs. post 24h CHO (300%; p <0.01; ES = 0.93); CHO+PRO (82%; p <0.01; ES = 0.73) and PLA (190%, p = 0.01; ES = 1.04), no differences were found between the conditions in the different moments - pre, immediately after and after 24 hours (p = 0.32; ES = 0.3 – 1.04). Conclusion: In a simulated Olympic-distance duathlon, with pre-meal test containing 1.5g / kg of carbohydrate, the ingestion of CHO and CHO+PRO does not provide additional benefits when compared to a placebo drink regarding athletes’ performance and muscle recovery.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-04T14:53:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tercio de Lima Amaral.pdf: 5421335 bytes, checksum: 8064a291d89584481a4c06b155de25ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T14:53:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tercio de Lima Amaral.pdf: 5421335 bytes, checksum: 8064a291d89584481a4c06b155de25ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / This research analyzes the representations of gender relations pursuant to press during entertainment journalism development in the city of Recife in the end of First Republic (1889-1930). In this regard, they are used as sources the Newspapers Diario de Pernambuco, between June 1924 and June 1925, and Diario da Manhã, between April 1927 and April 1928. Both Newspapers were pioneers in the publication of special sections and pages turned to literature and, they kept, in the recifense press, supplements with duration bigger than a year in the 1920 decade. This study aims to show up how the social, cultural and economic changes frame was insert in the supplements at the moment in which lettered elite defended new modernity practices in the urban centers. Discussions around themes as the feminine vote, divorce and feminism were in these special pages. These supplements identified these new demands, and, in several moments, positioned themselves against them, especially when the subject involved the relation between men and women. Space to tale, poetries, articles and illustrations dissemination, the supplements revealed national important names of literature and arts who had in journalism their first professional experience, as Gilberto Freyre, Lula Cardoso Ayres and Josué de Castro, among other people. This is a distinct and pioneer experience in Brazilian and Pernambucano journalism history, achieving its height and ending in the 1940 and 1950 decades. / Essa pesquisa analisa as representações das relações de gênero à luz da imprensa durante a formação do jornalismo de entretenimento na cidade do Recife em fins da Primeira República (1889-1930). Para isso, utilizamos como fontes os jornais Diario de Pernambuco, entre junho de 1924 e junho de 1925, e Diario da Manhã, entre abril de 1927 e abril de 1928. Os dois jornais foram pioneiros na publicação de cadernos e páginas especiais voltados à literatura e, mantiveram, na imprensa recifense, suplementos com duração superior a um ano na década de 1920. Esse estudo tem como objetivo mostrar como o quadro de mudanças sociais, culturais e econômicas estava inserido nos suplementos no momento em que as elites letradas defendiam novas práticas de modernidade nos grandes centros urbanos. Discussões em torno de temas como voto feminino, divórcio e feminismo estavam nessas páginas especiais. Esses suplementos identificaram essas novas demandas, e, em diversos momentos, se posicionaram contra elas, principalmente quando o assunto envolvia a relação entre homens e mulheres. Espaço para a divulgação de contos, poesias, artigos e ilustrações, os suplementos revelaram nomes importantes das letras nacionais que tiveram no jornalismo a primeira experiência profissional, como Gilberto Freyre, Lula Cardoso Ayres e Josué de Castro, entre outros. Essa é uma experiência distinta e pioneira na história do jornalismo brasileiro e pernambucano, que tem seu auge e se encerra nas décadas de 1940 e 1950.

Orientador: Patrícia Moriel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T00:37:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_BetaniadeJesuseSilvadeAlmendra_D.pdf: 2657931 bytes, checksum: d4646bbc60ccc13e11ca7d806b4f75dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Estudos acerca da influência do estresse oxidativo sobre o equilíbrio cutâneo, sobretudo por seus efeitos devastadores sobre a integridade da pele, são essenciais para a proposição de estratégias de intervenção preventivas para o desenvolvimento do câncer de pele. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o estresse oxidativo de indivíduos que tiveram e não tiveram câncer de pele não melanoma e avaliar o efeito da suplementação combinada de vitaminas C, E e mineral Zinco no estresse oxidativo de indivíduos que apresentaram a doença. O estudo foi dividido em duas fases: a fase 1 foi um estudo transversal com controles, cuja população foi constituída por pessoas saudáveis (n = 24) e o grupo caso constituído por indivíduos que apresentaram câncer de pele não melanoma já submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico (n = 60). E a fase 2, um ensaio clínico randomizado e duplo cego, no qual os pacientes do grupo caso foram randomizados em dois subgrupos: grupo placebo (n = 34) e grupo suplementado (n = 26) com 50 mg de vitamina C, 60 mg de vitamina E e 40 mg de Zinco durante 8 semanas. As amostras de sangue dos sujeitos foram obtidas no período basal e após intervenção para a avaliação dos biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo (F2-isoprostano, nitrito, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e capacidade antioxidante total). O consumo alimentar habitual e o estado nutricional dos sujeitos foram avaliados. Para identificação dos fatores associados ao câncer de pele foi utilizada a análise de regressão logística univariada e multivariada. O nível de significância adotado para este estudo foi de 5%. A maioria dos pacientes estudados foram do sexo feminino com idade superior a 50 anos. Os pacientes do grupo caso apresentaram mais elevadas concentrações séricas dos biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo, sendo que as concentrações de F2-isoprostano estavam significativamente mais elevadas em comparação com os controles. Após suplementação não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos placebo e suplementado em relação aos marcadores de estresse oxidativo. A idade e o F2-isoprostano podem ser marcadores de risco para o câncer de pele não melanoma, a cada ano a mais para o fator idade aumenta em 12% a chance de câncer e cada unidade a mais na medida do marcador aumenta em 4% a chance de câncer. Os resultados mostraram prevalência de sobrepeso no grupo controle com diferença estatística significativa em relação ao grupo caso. As concentrações dietéticas dos minerais antioxidantes zinco, cobre e selênio do grupo caso foram estatisticamente inferiores em relação aos controles e não houve diferença estatística nas concentrações dietéticas dos nutrientes antioxidantes entre os grupos suplementado e placebo. Este estudo sugere que pessoas diagnosticadas com câncer de pele não melanoma e que no momento da realização da pesquisa não mais apresentavam a doença, mostravam elevado estresse oxidativo, quando comparadas a pessoas saudáveis. A suplementação de antioxidantes pelo período de tempo realizado no trabalho não provocou redução significativa nas concentrações dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo dos pacientes. O estudo ainda sugere que o marcador de estresse oxidativo F2-isoprostano pode ser utilizado como um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer de pele não melanoma / Abstract: Studies investigating the influence of oxidative stress on skin homeostasis, especially for its devastating effects on skin integrity, are essential for the development of preventive intervention strategies for skin cancer. The goal of this study was to compare the concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers in blood between individuals with and without non-melanoma skin cancer and evaluate the effect of combined supplementation with vitamins C, E, and the mineral zinc on oxidative stress in skin-cancer patients. The study was divided into two stages: stage 1 was cross-sectional study with controls, whose population consisted of healthy individuals (n = 24) and the case group included individuals who had non-melanoma skin cancer undergoing surgery (n = 60). And the second phase a randomized, double blind clinical trial where patients in the case group were randomized into two subgroups: placebo (n =34) and a supplemented group (n = 26) who received 50 mg of vitamin C, 60 mg of vitamin E, and 40 mg of zinc for 8 wk. Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and after intervention to evaluate levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (F2-isoprostane, nitrite, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity. The usual food consumption and nutritional state of the subjects were also evaluated. Multivariate and univariate logistics regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with the development of skin cancer. The level of significance adopted for this study was 5%. The majority of participants were women over the age of 50. The patients in the case group had higher serum concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers, and the levels of F2-isoprostane were significantly higher than the controls. After antioxidant supplementation there was no statistical difference in the markers of oxidative stress among the placebo and supplemented groups. Age and F2-isoprostane may be effective biomarkers for estimating the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer development. Moreover, the risk of cancer increases with age at a rate of 12% per year, while an increase in concentration of these biomarker in blood increases the risk of cancer by 4%. These results showed a prevalence of excess weight in the control group with significant statistical difference from the case group. The dietary intake of the mineral antioxidants zinc, copper, and selenium of the case group were significantly lower than the control group, and there was no statistical difference in the dietary intake of the antioxidant nutrients among the supplemented and placebo groups. This study suggests that people diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancer and those in remission at the time of the study, exhibited higher concentration oxidative stress than healthy individuals. The antioxidant supplementation by period the work performed did not cause significant reduction in serum concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers of the patients. The results suggest that the concentration of the oxidative stress biomarker, F2-isoprostane, may serve as risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer development / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutora em Ciências Médicas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gesiane Teixeira.pdf: 1665700 bytes, checksum: 868caf8c69bf5cf7a1cac6d5eb50ea3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Introduction: The growing number of fitness centers is followed by an increased consumption of ergogenic supplements by clients and professionals who attend these places. The present study aimed to describe the nutritional profile and the use of ergogenic aids in fitness centers workers. Methods: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in all gyms of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Was assessed from standardized questionnaire, the consumption of ergogenic supplements (protein, carbohydrate, anticatabolic, multivitamins and hormonal), markers of dietary intake, frequency of fruit and vegetable intake and body mass index (BMI). In addition, we collected sociodemographic and work variables. Results: Mean age of the 497 respondents was 29.7 years (± 8.3), 57.8% were male and most were in the normal BMI range. Almost a quarter of men and less than 10% of women reported consuming at least one type of supplement. As for food intake, we observed a high frequency of consumption of protein-based products, burgers/sausages and soft drinks. The most reported ergogenic was the anticatabolic (75.4% of men and 71.8% women consumed this type of supplement). The higher fruit intake was reported (40.3%) among respondents who consumed only one supplement and vegetable consumption was more common among those consuming two supplements (45.1%). Conclusions: The population assessed, which is often taken as an example by fitness clubs participants, showed a nutritional profile that could be considered inappropriate, where 25% make use of ergogenic aids, showed a high frequency of consumption of protein and soft drinks. In addition, the intake of fruits and vegetables was below the recommendations and inversely proportional to the consumption of supplements / Atualmente se destaca o crescente número de academias de ginástica e o expressivo aumento no consumo de suplementos ergogênicos por alunos e profissionais que frequentam esses locais. O presente estudo objetivou descrever o perfil nutricional e o uso de recursos ergogênicos de trabalhadores de academias de ginástica que ministravam atividade física. Métodos: Estudo descritivo observacional transversal do tipo censo realizado nas academias de ginástica da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Foi avaliado, a partir de questionário padronizado, o consumo de suplementos ergogênicos (proteicos, carboidratados, anticatabólicos, polivitamínicos e hormonais), marcadores de consumo alimentar, frequência de ingestão de frutas e vegetais e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Além disso, foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas e do trabalho. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 497 profissionais com média de idade referente a 29,7 anos (± 8,3), 57,8% eram do sexo masculino e a maioria tinha IMC de eutrofia (56,3%). Cerca de 25% dos homens e 10% das mulheres reportaram consumir algum tipo de suplemento. Quanto aos marcadores de consumo alimentar, pode-se observar a alta frequência de consumo de produtos protéicos, hambúrgueres/embutidos e refrigerantes. O recurso ergogênico mais relatado foi o anticatabólico, sendo que 75,4% dos homens e 71,8% das mulheres consumiram esse tipo de suplemento. O consumo de frutas foi mais relatado (40,3%) entre os entrevistados que consumiam apenas um suplemento e o consumo de vegetais foi mais frequente entre os consumidores de dois suplementos (45,1%). Conclusões: A população avaliada, que com frequência é tomada como exemplo por frequentadores de academias, mostrou um perfil nutricional que pode ser considerado inadequado, onde 25% faz uso de recursos ergogênicos, mostrou elevada frequência de consumo de proteínas e refrigerantes. Somado a isso, o consumo de frutas e vegetais foi aquém das recomendações e inversamente proporcional ao consumo de suplementos

Abstract Proper nutrition and optimal weight status in pregnancy are important for both the mother and her child. The present study was aimed at assessment of maternal food and nutrient intake, dietary supplement use, dietary patterns, and weight during pregnancy. Additionally, associations between maternal weight, socio-demographic and perinatal factors and advanced beta cell autoimmunity in the offspring were examined. The results from a one-year cohort of mothers entering the ongoing Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study in 1998–99 (n =  797) suggested that healthy food choices were positively correlated with maternal age and education. Dietary supplements were used by 85% of the women. However, the intake of vitamin D did not meet the recommendation and folic acid intake was inadequate in 44% of the pregnant women when both food and supplementation intakes were taken into account. Seven dietary patterns were identified in 3730 pregnant women who entered the DIPP study between 1997 and 2002. The ‘healthy’, the ‘low-fat foods’ and the ‘alcohol and butter’ dietary patterns were positively associated with maternal age and education. The ‘fast food’ dietary pattern was positively associated and the ‘alcohol and butter’ pattern was inversely associated with the rate of maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Altogether, 4093 children and their mothers comprised the study population in which the relationships between maternal initial body mass index, weight gain rate, and the development of beta cell autoimmunity in the offspring were examined. Maternal weight status during pregnancy was not related to the risk of advanced beta cell autoimmunity. A higher level of maternal education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of advanced beta cell autoimmunity in children. More attention should be paid to nutritional guidance among Finnish pregnant women, especially as regards young and less well educated women. Dietary patterns may be useful for risk group identification and they may offer a framework for further research concerning diet and health outcomes among mothers and their children.

The strong advertising appeal, the search for a good physique, and the improvement in physical performance, has risen the popularity of food supplements and other therapies with slimming supplements based on plant extracts. Since the law exempts food supplements from registration, they are easy targets for importation, commercialization e consumption by the population, which worsens malpractice cases of adulterations. Thus, the objectives of the present work were: research the presence of stimulants in food supplements for both slimming and weight gain; study the addition of synthetic caffeine in natural products based on plants used for weight loss; develop chromatographic methods using HPLC with photodiode detection to detect caffeine, salicin, ephedrine, hordenine, tyramine, octopamine and synephrine (including the L and D enantiomers). The stimulants were separated by reverse phase chromatography using octadecylsilane columns (C18). For L and D synephrine, chromatography with chiral phase of β-cyclodextrin was used. Detection limits varied from 0.02 mg L-1 to 0.35 mg L-1, while quantification limits ranged from 0.07 mg L-1 to 1.16 mg L-1 for the separation of stimulants in food supplements. For analyses of caffeine in herbal products, the LOD and LOQ were 0.048 mg L-1 and 0.16 mg L-1, respectively. For the anlysis of the enantiomers of p-synephrine, the L enantiomer presented a detection limit of 0.11 mg L-1 and quantification limit of 0.36 mg L-1, while the D enantiomer exhibited a detection limit of 0.41 mg L-1 and a quantification limit of 1.36 mg L-1. Each method developed was then applied to the sample, which were, dietary supplement samples (n = 47), herbal products (n = 100), and fruits of Citrus aurantium. Caffeine was the most frequent of the studied stimulants, often exceeding the labeled content and the maximum dose per day recommended (420 mg). The food supplements presented caffeine, synephrine and ephedrine as main stimulants in 53% of the studied samples. / O forte apelo do mercado publicitário, aliado à busca por um corpo padrão e à melhora no desempenho físico faz com que a popularidade dos suplementos alimentares e a associação destes com outras terapias envolvendo compostos emagrecedores a base de plantas seja cada vez maior. A lei que isenta de registro os suplementos alimentares, os torna alvo de fácil importação, comercialização e consumo pela população em geral, agravando ainda a prática de adulteração sobre os mesmos. Logo, este trabalho teve como objetivos: pesquisar a presença de estimulantes em suplementos alimentares para fins de emagrecimento, estudar a incidência de cafeína sintética adicionada em produtos naturais à base de plantas utilizadas para perda de peso; desenvolver métodos cromatográficos emplregando HPLC com detecção com arranjo de fotodiodos (DAD) para a determinação de cafeína, salicina, efedrina, hordenina, tiramina, octopamina e sinefrina (incluindo seus enantiômeros L e D). Os estimulantes foram separados por cromatografia de fase reversa em colunas de octadecilsilano (C18) e os enantiômeros por cromatografia de par iônico com fase quiral de β ciclodextrina. Os limites de detecção (LD) variaram de 0,02 mg L-1 a 0,35 mg L-1, já os limites de quantificação (LQ) ficaram na faixa de 0,07 mg L-1 e 1,16 mg L-1 na separação dos estimulantes em suplementos alimentares. Para as análises de cafeína em produtos naturais a base de plantas, os LD e LQ foram 0,048 mg L-1 e 0,16 mg L-1 respectivamente. Para os enantiômeros da p-sinefrina, o enantiômero L apresentou LD de 0,11 mg L-1 e LQ de 0,36 mg L-1, já o enantiômero D exibiu um LD de 0,41 mg L-1 e LQ de 1,36 mg L-1. Cada método desenvolvido foi posteriormente aplicado em amostras de suplementos alimentares (n=47), produtos naturais à base de plantas (n=100) e fruto de Citrus aurantium. Dos compostos estudados, a cafeína foi a que se apresentou mais frequente, muitas vezes excedendo os teores rotulados nos produtos, ou então a dose máxima recomendada por dia (420 mg). Já os suplementos alimentares apresentaram cafeína, sinefrina e efedrina como principais estimulantes em 53% das amostras estudadas.

Objetivos. Evaluar la implementación del programa de suplementación universal con multimicronutrientes “Chispitas®” en la región Apurímac a través de la cantidad y calidad de sobres consumidos y su relación con la anemia, en niños de 6 a 35 meses. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal usando un muestreo multietápico en el 2010. Se consideró como anemia a los valores de hemoglobina ajustados por altitud menores de 110 g/L. El consumo de multimicronutrientes se categorizó en: menor de 30; de 30 a 59, y 60 o más sobres. La calidad del consumo fue adecuada cuando la madre refería que el niño consumía toda la comida con el suplemento. Se calculó las razones de prevalencia (RPa) ajustadas por regresión de Poisson. Resultados. Se incluyó 714 participantes, 25,3% vivía en hogares pobres y 59,2% en extrema pobreza; 52,6% residía a más de 3000 m de altitud. La prevalencia de anemia fue de 51,3% (IC95%: 47,1-55,4%), 5,4% no recibió la intervención; 60,3% consumió 60 o más sobres y 49,0% los consumió en forma adecuada. No se encontró asociación entre la cantidad de sobres recibidos o consumidos y la anemia (p<0,05). Aquellos niños que consumieron el suplemento en forma adecuada tuvieron menor prevalencia de anemia que aquellos que no lo hicieron (RPa: 0,81; IC95%: 0,68-0,96) Conclusiones. No basta con entregar o consumir la cantidad necesaria de los multimicronutrientes, sino asegurar que el proceso de consumo sea adecuado para lograr una reducción de la prevalencia de anemia, aspecto que debe ser trabajado para mejorar esta intervención. / Objectives. To assess the implementation of the Universal “Chispitas®” Multimicronutrient Supplement Program in Apurimac by determining the quantity and quality of sachets consumed and their connection with anemia, in 6 – 35-month-old children. Materials and methods. A crosscut study was conducted by using a multistage sample in 2010. Anemia was considered to be related to altitude-adjusted hemoglobin values below 110 g/L. The consumption of multimicronutrients was classified as follows: less than 30; 30 to 59, and 60 or more sachets. The quality of consumption was considered to be adequate when the mother indicated that the child ate all his food with the supplement. The rationale for prevalence (RPa) adjusted by Poisson regression was calculated. Results. 714 participants were included, 25.3% of which lived in poor houses and 59.2% in extreme poverty; 52.6% lived at over 3000 m of altitude. The prevalence of anemia was 51.3% (CI95%: 47.1-55.4%), 5.4% did not receive intervention; 60.3% consumed 60 or more sachets and 49.0% consumed them adequately. No association between the number of sachets received or consumed and anemia (p<0.05) was found. Children who consumed the supplement adequately showed lower prevalence of anemia than those who did not (RPa: 0.81; CI95%: 0.68-0.96) Conclusions. In order to reduce the prevalence of anemia, attention should not only focus on giving or consuming the necessary quantity of multimicronutrients, but also on ensuring that the consumption process is adequate, and work needs to be done in this area in order to improve this intervention.

Les espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ERO) contrôlent plusieurs aspects de la carcinogenèse, étant donné leur capacité àpromouvoir la prolifération mais aussi à induire la sénescence et l’apoptose. Dans les stades avancés de cancer, les EROpeuvent également participer au développement de l’atrophie musculaire, engendrant une détérioration de la qualité de viedes patients. L’activité physique (AP), connue pour augmenter les défenses antioxydants de l’organisme et lasupplémentation en antioxydants sont considérées comme deux stratégies susceptibles de moduler la croissance tumorale, d’améliorer la performance physique et de réduire les effets secondaires liés à la maladie et aux traitements anticancéreux. Néanmoins, plusieurs questions restent aujourd’hui sans réponse. En effet, bien que l’AP puisse réduire la progression du cancer du sein, du colon et de la prostate, son impact sur les cancers se développant au sein du muscle (ex : le liposarcome), donc soumis aux contractions musculaires répétées, reste méconnu. En utilisant des approches in vivo et in vitro, nous avons démontré que maintenir une AP régulière accélère la croissance du liposarcome intramusculaire, probablement, via la réduction des taux circulants d’insuline et l’inhibition de la voie « P38 MAPK-P21 ». Pour les patients ne pouvant pas pratiquer d’AP, la consommation d’antioxydants pourrait être un moyen de réduire les ERO tumorales et musculaires et ainsi être prometteuse. Toutefois, les études actuelles restent très controversées. Nos travaux ont montré dans un modèle murin de cachexie cancéreuse que des doses nutritionnelles d’un produit antioxydant commercialisé en France, étaient suffisantes pour accélérer la croissance de la tumeur colique, favoriser la perte de masse corporelle totale et musculaire et engendrer la mort prématurée des souris. L’ensemble de nos résultats suggère que la pratique d’AP et la consommation en antioxydants peuvent induire des effets différents selon le type de tumeur et leur implantation, nécessitant une prise en charge individualisée des patients. En effet, (1) les patients atteints d’un LS intramusculaire devraient éviter de pratiquer une AP durant la période préopératoire mais ces résultats doivent être confirmés par une étude clinique, (2) les patients avec un stade avancé de cancer devraient être vigilants quant à l’utilisation de suppléments antioxydants ; une telle pratique pouvant avoir des répercussions dangereuses sur leur santé. / Reactive oxygen species (ROS) control several aspects of carcinogenesis as they can either promote tumor growth andprogression or senescence and apoptosis. In advanced stages of cancer, ROS can also drive the development of other cancerrelated complications like, muscle wasting. Physical activity (PA) and antioxidant supplementation have been proposed as two adjuvant strategies to better control tumor growth, ameliorate performance and alleviate secondary symptoms related to cancer itself or to the heavy anticancer therapies. However, several issues remain to be elucidated. First of all, although PA could reduce colon, breast and prostate cancer growth and progression, its impact remains unknown on orthotopic intramuscular tumors like liposarcoma, which directly affect the musculoskeletal apparatus and reduce physical function. Secondly, given the limitedness of PA application in some advanced stages of cancer, patients may increase their dependency on nutritional and antioxidant complements as an alternative strategy, but such practice has spark a lot of polemic and inconsistent results. In this thesis, we have addressed the effectiveness of PA and antioxidants in two distinct animal models of cancer. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that voluntary PA accelerated the growth of intramuscular liposarcoma tumors and exacerbated skeletal muscle dysfunction, mainly, by decreasing circulating insulin levels and the subsequent activation of the tumor suppressor pathway “P38 MAPK-P21”. We also demonstrated that nutritional doses of commercial antioxidants enhanced colon tumor growth, total body/skeletal muscle weight loss and caused premature death of mice. Such mechanism was due to selective changes in oxidative damage profiles, which decreased in tumor but increased in skeletal muscle, in a way driving tumor growth and skeletal muscle wasting/dysfunction. Clinically, it seems that (1) patients with intramuscular liposarcoma may, at least, not increase their levels of PA or undergo hospital-supervised exercise program, during the preoperative period; until the confirmation of our findings with clinical data and (2) patients with advanced stages of cancer must be very careful against the use of antioxidants as it could lifethreatening. Accordingly, health agencies in France, Europe and USA prohibit the use of synthetic antioxidant supplements without dietary counseling by a cancer patient’s physician and/or nutritionist.

M.Tech. (Homoeopathy) / Psychological stress refers to an individual’s interaction with what he perceives as adverse or threatening phenomena of the external environment (stimulus) and the ensuing physiological response that occurs within the body. Although the stimulus itself may not be harmful, the physiological reaction of the individual to the perceived threat may lead to health consequences. University students may experience greater levels of stress than the average population. They may also experience symptoms of anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbances and impaired memory due to psychological stress. These symptoms may be exacerbated by concomitant use of alcohol and stimulants such as nicotine and caffeine, which students may use as coping mechanisms. Conventional treatment for stress might include anti-depressants and anxiolytics that often have adverse effects. TranQuin® Day Formula is a combination vitamin and herbal supplement formulated to assist the body to cope with stress. Although each individual vitamin and herbal constituent of TranQuin® Day Formula has been thoroughly researched, to date, no research has been conducted on the efficacy of TranQuin® Day Formula dietary supplement for the treatment of psychological stress in university students. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of TranQuin® Day Formula supplement on psychological stress in university students, with the use of the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Thirty participants, both male and female, between the ages of 18 and 49 years, who obtained a minimum score of 10 on the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale-10, were selected to participate in this six week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Participants were also requested to complete Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire-28. The scores obtained by the participants on both stress scales were measured at the beginning of the study (week 0) to obtain a baseline score, in the middle of the study (week 3) and at the end of the study (week 6). The participants were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. Participants were asked to take two capsules of the supplement or placebo, preferably in the morning after breakfast, or the first meal of the day, for the duration of the study period (6 weeks). Each participant received a daily data sheet which recorded capsules taken and any symptoms experienced, as well as any other medication taken. The results of the study were statistically analysed using the Mann-Whitney-U Test, the Shapiro-Wilk Test, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Friedman Test and descriptive statistics.