Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:36:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 12 / Nenhuma / As organizações desenvolvem-se em mercados competitivos e globalizados, necessitando adequar seus processos produtivos à entrega de produtos customizados e no menor tempo possível. Dentre os complexos elementos essenciais para a sobrevivência, a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos é estrategicamente importante por agregar alguns fatores para melhorar a competitividade: (1) a formação de redes que agreguem valor a cadeia produtiva; (2) monitoramento e controle de materiais para redução de custos e aumento da lucratividade; (3) redefinição das instalações para melhorar os processos produtivos; (4) o uso de tecnologia de informação como integrador das cadeias; (5) a customização de produtos; (6) a formação de parcerias para melhorar o processo de fornecimento e de desenvolvimento de produtos. Com base nestas condições, como melhoria na gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, este trabalho buscou um aprofundamento sobre os conceitos teóricos englobados para o desenvolvimento da cadeia de suprimentos. Com esta discussão em / Companies develop in competitive global markets, needing to adjust their productive systems to deliver of the products with costs elaborated and in less time possible. From among essential elements to the survival, the management of the supply chain is strategically important for aggregate some factors to improve the competitively: (1) formation of processes that associate value to productive chain; (2) observation and control of materials to costs reduction and lucratively increase; (3) definition of new installations to improve the productive systems; (4) utilization of technology information as chains integrator; (5) elaboration of the products costs; (6) creation of partnerships to prosper the supply process and development of the products. Have grounds in these conditions, this work searched to deepen the theoretical conception conglomerated to the evolution of the supply chain. This discussion, connected with a case study, proposed the development of a supply system for integration of three different pr

Bakgrund Genom att upprätta en hållbarhetsredovisning ger företaget intressenterna en insyn i företagets verksamhet och således har företagen en chans att påverka sitt egna rykte. Haniffa & Cooke (2005) nämner att det finns ett legitimitetsgap som innebär att företagets agerande och samhällets förväntningar inte överensstämmer. Frågor som på senare tid har blivit medialt uppmärksammat är leverantörssamarbeten och leverantörsvillkoren som råder. Denna uppsats kommer att titta närmare på hållbarhetsredovisningarna ur samhällets synvinkel, med fokus på den sociala aspekten. Som hjälpmedel har en anpassad analysmodell skapats som talar för samhällets förväntningar kring CSR. Syfte Syftet är att genom en litteraturstudie undersöka vad samhället anser är väsentligt för modeföretag att redovisa om inom hållbarhet. Syftet är vidare att undersöka om företag är transparenta i sin hållbarhetsredovisning, samt öka förståelsen för modebranschens transparens kring den sociala aspekter inom CSR.  Metod I denna studie undersöks transparens i hållbarhetsredovisningar mellan olika kläddetaljister och författaren ansåg att en kvalitativ forskningsmetod vore lämpligt. I studien har även en anpassad analysmodell av samhällets förväntningar konstruerats baserat på en litteraturstudie. Resultat/Slutsats Författaren har utifrån den anpassade modellen kunnat konstatera att modeföretagen har en utmaning att bevaka de sociala perspektiven i försörjningskedjan. Resultatet visar även på att modeföretagen i studien transparent inte svarar på samhällets förväntningar fullt ut på grund av att information kring förväntningarna är bristfälliga i de studerade hållbarhetsrapporterna. Den anpassade modellen som konstruerats i studien har slutligen på ett bidragande sätt lyft samhällets förväntningar och bistått till att tydligare kunna avgöra hur transparenta modeföretag är i sina hållbarhetsredovisningar.

Background: It is argued that most of the new product do not fail in the end but it fails in the beginning of the innovation. Managing front end of NPD, is the most important and difficult challenges facing the innovation managers. Effectively promoting front end activities can contribute directly to the success of the new product. So, integrating market-based partners (suppliers and customers) in the front-end phase enhances the quantity and quality of ideas. Problem discussion: Authors have suggested the involvement of market-based partners as early as possible in the NPD process will reduce the fuzziness in front end phase. The collaboration process with market-based partners implies that combining the idiosyncratic resources in unique ways, firms would relish greater innovation success. But this process of integration or collaboration with market-based partners are not that easy as it entails different appropriation and coordination concerns. Majority of the literature is concentrated on integrating market-based partners in the back-end activities of NPD, leaving a bit of void in the front-end phase of NPD. Method: The methodological choice of this thesis follows an exploratory study to seek new insights into an existing subject. The thesis is a following a deductive approach and is qualitative in the research choice. Purpose: To provide insights on integrating market-based partners in the front-end phase of new product development where the information is scattered around. This thesis identifies a structure that facilitates the integration of market-based partners in the fuzzy front end of NPD to mitigate the appropriation concerns and challenges.

Background: The implementation of procurement concepts such as JIT or singlesourcing have resulted in the emergence of new supply risks forautomotive suppliers. The economic crisis in 2008 and volatiledemand in recent years had enormous impact on the sector.Consequently, in association with lean purchasing models, newdimensions of supply risks have emerged. This creates the need forautomotive suppliers to adapt and improve their supply riskmanagement in response to the increased risk potential. There hasbeen no research on how automotive suppliers have furtherdeveloped their supply risk management recently. Purpose: The purpose is to examine how automotive suppliers have adaptedtheir supply risk management in response to the fluctuatingeconomy since 2008. Frame of reference: In this section the Kraljic matrix and the risk management processare presented. The theories lead to a synthesis including the researchquestions for fulfilling the purpose. Method: This research is based on a qualitative multiple case study. In orderto gather the necessary in-depth data, four automotive suppliersfrom Germany and Northern Europe were interviewed by theauthors. Conclusions: Automotive suppliers have clearly reacted on increasedconsequences of supply risks. The general grown awareness andsensitivity have lead to the implementation of new managementtools. Particularly the cooperation between supply chain membershas considerably intensified and contributed to a better riskreduction. Moreover, the financial stability of vendors has risen inimportance and is considered more thoroughly. All the instrumentsand methods may, however, be more powerful and efficient ifautomotive suppliers had standardized and linked them into aconsecutive process.

The load in the electricity grid fluctuates during the day and between seasons. As a distribution system operator (DSO), an uneven load profile leads to increased transmission losses and unnecessary high costs for subscribing power from the feeding grid. Efficiency measures and a more even power consumption by the end-users, could therefore lead to that a DSO can achieve lower costs for power-subscription from the feeding grid and transmission losses, but also implies a lowered cap of total revenues. As a step towards implementing the EU energy efficiency directive, the Energy Markets Inspectorate (Ei) have developed two economic incentives which enables for DSOs to profit economically from cost reductions related to transmission losses and feeding grid. For this reason the electricity suppliers Storuman Energi and Affärsverken Energi sees a possibility to offer a load shift-service to low voltage DSOs using the flexibility in the demand of electrically heated households. The aim of this study is therefore to demonstrate how a service such as this one can be valued in the Swedish electricity market. The task at hand was examined by conducting a survey of the values of demand-side flexibility, as well as an investigation of how the costs for the end-user and incentives for the DSO are affected by flexibility. A review of the values associated with demand-side flexibility has been conducted for electricity suppliers, DSOs and end-users. With regard to the DSOs, the main value is connected to the new economic incentives from Ei, whose potential depends on the properties of the grid and the tariff for the feeding grid. Other values related to operation and delivery reliability can also be achieved. The main values for electricity suppliers are a lowered risk for unbalance following as a consequence of better knowledge of their end-users’ usage, and also the possibility to profit by offering a load shift-service. The values for end-users have been divided between cost reductions and system benefits, both of which are regarded to compensate the remuneration end-users require to offer their flexibility. By adapting consumption after the spot market price or the grid tariff, lowered costs for electricity can be achieved. The end-users can also appreciate system-benefits such as the facilitation for intermittent renewable electricity production, electric vehicles and reducing the societal dependency on expensive fossil-fuelled power generation as positive. They do on the other hand regard a possible depreciation of the heat comfort, data confidentiality and reduced control over one’s own electricity consumption as negative. If the service can be bundled with equipment which yields other values, such as an increased heat comfort, the end-users’ demand for remuneration can decrease. To explore what effects demand-side flexibility can have on the electricity costs of end-users and the economic incentives for DSOs, a case study is conducted in the electricity distribution grid of Karlskrona. Through review of previous studies, a potential for demand reductions was established and used as input in the case study. It can be determined that the incentive for a more even load profile constitutes a substantially greater share of the total incentives, compared to the incentive for reduced distribution losses. It is further concluded that a fairly large part of the incentives can be achieved by controlling the end-users on only a few occasions each year. It is also established that the cost reductions for end-users can match their demand for remuneration. A future scenario with more electrical vehicles connected to the grid for charging, greatly increases the possible benefits for both the DSO and end-users. Through the investigation of different possible designs for the energy service, it is recommended that the demand side management of end-users is placed in the hands of an electricity supplier responsible for balancing the consumption of the end-users. A procurement-procedure is deemed problematicfollowing the risk for unproportional use of resources and time. As a result of this, the energy service should not be traded directly between DSOs and electricity suppliers. Instead, it is proposed that the DSO develops a time-differentiated tariff, after which the electricity supplier can adapt the end-users’ consumption. Since the results indicate that controlling the end-users consumption on just a few occasions is sufficient to yield large benefits for the DSO, a grid-tariff with critical peak pricing is recommended. This tariff employs a high price for shorter periods of time when the grid load is peaking and a rebated price during all other occasions. This opens up for controlling the use during the other days according to the spot market price. As the electricity supplier grants the end-user lowered costs for both the electricity grid and trading, they have the opportunity to apply a charge for the service. Both the DSO, end-user and electricity supplier is presumed to improve their profitability with this design. When implementing the energy service, a couple of aspects are important to shed light on. The grid-tariff of the end-user and the tariff for the feeding grid needs to be synchronized with each other, to stimulate the same type of load shifts. It should also be noted that the possible gain from the incentives will decrease as demand side management-measures is taken since the reference-level from which a comparison is made improves. Another interesting aspect is that the regulation stipulates that only a certain percentage of the cost reductions will result in incentives, thus limiting the amount of profitable measures. Since the costs and revenues between the actors in the transmission system (low and medium voltage DSOs and the TSO) are interdependent, the revenue loss for the medium voltage DSO resulting from the cost reduction for the low voltage DSO, can result in a recoil effect. Lastly, a widespread introduction of control equipment to end-users can facilitate other uses for the demand-side flexibility. / Belastningen i elnätet varierar under dagen och mellan olika säsonger. Att som nätägare ha en ojämn belastning i sitt nät leder till ökade nätförluster och onödigt höga kostnader för att abonnera effekt från det överliggande nätet. Effektiviseringar i nätet och ett jämnare effektuttag av användarna kan därmed leda till att en nätägare kan erhålla minskade kostnader för abonnerad effekt från överliggande nät och nätförluster, men innebär också en sänkt intäktsram för nätägaren. Vid implementering av EU:s energieffektiviseringsdirektiv har Energimarknadsinspektionen tagit fram två ekonomiska incitament som möjliggör för nätägare att dra nytta av kostnadsminskningar för nätförluster och överliggande nät. Av denna anledning ser elhandelsbolagen Storuman Energi och Affärsverken Energi möjligheter att, med hjälp av efterfrågeflexibilitet hos framförallt eluppvärmda hushåll, erbjuda en laststyrningstjänst till lokalnätsnätägare. Syftet med denna studie är därmed att demonstrera hur en tjänst som denna kan värdesättas av aktörerna på den svenska elmarknaden. Frågan behandlas genom att undersöka vilka värden efterfrågeflexibilitet kan ge upphov till, exempelvis hur slutanvändares elkostnader och nätägares ekonomiska incitament påverkas av efterfrågeflexibilitet. En inventering har gjorts av efterfrågeflexibilitetens värde för elhandlare, nätägare och slutanvändare. För nätägare bedöms de huvudsakliga värdena finnas kring de nya ekonomiska incitamenten, vars potential beror på nätets förutsättningar och regionnätstariffen. Det finns också nyttor kopplade till driftsäkerhet och leveranskvalitet. Elhandlare kan dra nytta av en lägre risk för obalans genom att de får bättre uppfattning om sina kunders användningsmönster, samt möjligheten att även debitera för utförd laststyrningstjänst. För slutanvändare har värdena delats upp i kostnadsminskningar och systemnyttor. Båda dessa anses kunna kompensera för de krav på ersättning som slutanvändare har för att bidra med sin flexibilitet. Genom anpassning efter exempelvis spotpris eller en nättariff kan lägre kostnader för elhandel respektive nät erhållas. Vad gäller systemnyttor kan följder som att exempelvis främja intermittent förnybar elproduktion, underlätta införande av en eldriven fordonsflotta samt att minska beroendet av dyra fossileldade produktionsslag ses som positiva. Å andra sidan bedöms en upplevd risk för försämrad värmekomfort och datasekretess samt minskad kontroll över sin användning spela in som negativa värden. Om tjänsten kan paketeras tillsammans med utrustning som även ger andra mervärden, exempelvis möjliggör en ökad värmekomfort, kan slutanvändares ersättningskrav minska. För att utreda vilken konkret påverkan efterfrågeflexibilitet kan ha på slutanvändares elkostnader och nätägares ekonomiska incitament görs en undersökning i Karlskronas lokalnät. Där appliceras den potential för efterfrågeflexibilitet som tidigare studier visat på. Det konstateras att incitamentet för jämnare nätbelastning visar betydligt större potential än det för minskade nätförluster samt att en stor del av incitamenten går att erhålla genom att styra endast ett fåtal tillfällen varje år. Vidare pekar resultatet på att slutanvändares kostnadsminskningar kan nå upp i nivåer som motsvarar deras ersättningskrav. Ett framtidsscenario med fler elfordon ger mycket större ekonomisk potential för både nätägare och slutanvändare. Efter att ha utrett olika alternativa utformningar för energitjänsten föreslås att passiv efterfrågeflexibilitet tillämpas genom att laststyrning av slutanvändare sker av en elhandlande aggregator med balansansvar. Ett upphandlingsförfarande bedöms medföra risk för stor resurs- och tidsåtgång, varför handel av tjänsten inte bör äga rum mellan elhandlare och nätägare. Men för att elhandlare ändå ska kunna ta del av värdet från de ekonomiska incitamenten föreslås att nätägaren tar fram en tidsdifferentierad nättariff, vilken elhandlaren kan laststyra slutanvändare efter. Då resultatet pekar på att styrning under endast ett fåtal tillfällen är erforderligt kan en nättariff av typen spetspristariff tillämpas, där kostnaden för effektuttag kraftigt stiger när belastningen är hög i nätet. Då möjliggörs styrning efter exempelvis spotpris de tillfällen som inte är nödvändiga att styra med hänsyn till nätet, eftersom kostnaden för effektuttag då är låg. Genom att elhandlare på så sätt kan erbjuda slutanvändare lägre kostnader för både nät och elhandel har de möjlighet att debitera slutanvändare en avgift för utförd tjänst. Med denna utformning anses både nätägare, elhandlare och slutanvändare kunna nå en ökad lönsamhet. Vid införandet av energitjänsten är ett antal aspekter viktiga att belysa. Slutanvändares nättariff och lokalnätets tariff för överliggande nät spelar en viktig roll då de behöver stimulera till att samma styrning utförs, exempelvis om det är fördelaktigt att styrning sker ofta eller mer sällan. Då incitamentens nivå bestäms utifrån en referensperiod kommer möjlig avkastning att avta i takt med att förbättringar görs. I nätregleringen är det fastställt att bara en viss del av kostnadsbesparingarna erhålls i form av de ekonomiska incitamenten, vilket innebär att vilka åtgärder som är lönsamma begränsas. Genom att kostnader och intäkter är tätt sammankopplade mellan aktörerna i elnätet (lokal-, region- och stamnät) kan regionnätets intäktsbortfall till följd av lokalnätets lägre kostnader, ge upphov till rekyleffekter. Att storskaligt installera styrutrustning hos slutanvändare kan också möjliggöra andra användningsområden, med andra ord skapas det en plattform för efterfrågeflexibilitet.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-06-11T11:51:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 3445476 bytes, checksum: 555b1ed01b554f9292c07b7471e3de2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T11:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 3445476 bytes, checksum: 555b1ed01b554f9292c07b7471e3de2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / An adequate selection of suppliers can make a difference in the future of organizations, lowering operating costs, improving product quality and enabling quick responses to customer demands. In the current business context of supply chains, the appropriate choice of suppliers is essential for good management and maintenance and improvement of competitive advantages. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to develop a method to evaluate suppliers performance in the context of supply chains, using item response theory (IRT). To achieve this goal, 60 supplier performance aspects, covering seven dimensions (cost, time, quality, flexibility, innovation, reputation/ industry experience and sustainability), were considered in the formulation of a questionnaire with 67 items to evaluate supplier performance. The questionnaire made possible the evaluation of 243 supply links of companies across different sectors and 14 Brazilian States. The evaluation results of the 243 supply links were analyzed using IRT’s Graded Response Model (GRM). GRM establishes a difficulty parameter for each category of the presented items, defining levels of performance in an interpretable scale that indicates the aspects served by each evaluated relationship and informs what aspects the company evaluated still needs to evolve in. Depending on what the client company expects and prioritizes in the performance of its suppliers, it can associate scale levels (and the presence and/or absence of certain aspects) with decisions about what to do in the relationship with the supplier company (deepen relationship, request changes in behavior or end relationship, for example). / Uma seleção adequada de fornecedores pode fazer diferença no futuro das organizações, diminuindo custos operacionais, melhorando a qualidade dos produtos e possibilitando respostas rápidas às demandas dos clientes. No atual contexto empresarial de atuação em cadeias, a escolha apropriada de fornecedores é imprescindível para uma boa gestão e para manutenção e melhoria de vantagens competitivas. Assim, o objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver um método para avaliar desempenho de fornecedores no contexto de cadeias de suprimentos, utilizando a Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Para atingir tal objetivo, foram levantados 60 aspectos de desempenho de fornecedores, que contemplam sete dimensões: custo, tempo, qualidade, flexibilidade, inovação, reputação/experiência no setor e sustentabilidade. Com base nestes aspectos, foi elaborado um questionário com 67 itens para avaliação do desempenho de fornecedores, que permitiu avaliar 243 elos de fornecimento de empresas respondentes de diversos setores e 14 Estados brasileiros. Estes resultados foram avaliados utilizando o Modelo de Resposta Gradual da TRI que permite estabelecer um parâmetro de dificuldade para cada categoria dos itens apresentados, definindo níveis de desempenho em uma escala interpretável que indica os aspectos atendidos por cada relacionamento avaliado e em quais aspectos ainda é preciso evoluir. A depender do que a empresa cliente espera e prioriza no desempenho de seus fornecedores, esta pode associar os níveis da escala (e a presença e/ou ausência de certos aspectos) a decisões sobre o que fazer no relacionamento com a empresa fornecedora (estreitar laços, solicitar mudanças no comportamento ou cortar relações, por exemplo).

Context: The knowledge about sustainability has increased during recent years, which has had a large impact on organizations overall concern and involvement in how their own organization affects environment and society. This has led to an increased effort regarding organizations work in their purchasing process where there are many opportunities for improvement within the environmental, social and economic dimension. The sustainability work in the organization’s purchasing processes also involves the organization’s suppliers as they play a key role in the purchasing process.  Purpose: This study aims to analyze and understand how Swedish pharmacies manage with sustainability in their purchasing process considering the three sustainability dimensions. Also, how the pharmacies sustainability work is reflected on their suppliers.  Method: This study applies a qualitative research method with a deductive approach and aims to answer the two problem formulas and the purpose. The empirical material was primarily collected with qualitative telephone interviews from three different Swedish owned pharmacies and was completed with secondary data that was collected from the pharmacies websites. The theoretical reference frame lies as the base for this study’s results and analysis where comparisons are made to see similarities and differences between the pharmacies.  Results: The main finding is that the pharmacies that were studied all performed a sustainability work regarding environmental-, social- and economic dimensions but with varying degrees. Furthermore, all three pharmacies focused on the environmental dimension mostly.  Key words: Swedish pharmacies, Sustainability, Purchasing process, Suppliers, Supplier requirements

This study was conducted in a metalworking company, manufacturer of agricultural implements, which present problems of delays in delivery of products to customers. The aim was to integrate the supply chain to improve the company s competitiveness through the implementation of lean manufacturing and suppliers participation in this production model. To reach the proposed objective, the work was divided into two phases, the first was a case study and the second was an action research. The activities were initiated by the research planning. Then the data were collected through chrono-analysis, document analysis and questionnaires. After, was carried out through analyze the data, taking the actions and evaluation. The development activities followed the flow of the proposed activities and implementation of measures proposed improvements. It was observed that after the integration of suppliers in the chain of lean production there was a reduction of costs and benefits to the company's competitiveness, such as improved quality of inputs and raw materials. Thus, we conclude that the implementation of lean manufacturing through the integration of the supply chain improves the competitiveness of organizations. / Este trabalho foi realizado em uma empresa metal-mecânica, fabricante de implementos agrícolas, que apresentava problemas de atrasos na entrega desses produtos aos clientes. O objetivo foi a integração da cadeia de suprimentos para aumentar a competitividade da empresa, através da implantação da manufatura enxuta e da participação dos fornecedores nesse modelo de produção. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, o trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira um estudo de caso e a segunda uma pesquisa-ação. As atividades foram iniciadas pelo planejamento da pesquisa. Em seguida foram coletados os dados, através de crono-análise, análise documental e questionários. Após, foram realizadas a análise dos dados, a tomada das ações e a avaliação das ações. O desenvolvimento das atividades seguiu o fluxo de atividades propostas e a aplicação das medidas de melhorias propostas. Observou-se que após a integração dos fornecedores na cadeia de produção enxuta, houve redução de custos e benefícios para a competitividade da empresa, como melhoria na qualidade de insumos e matérias-primas. Assim, conclui-se que a implantação da manufatura enxuta, através da integração da cadeia de fornecedores aumenta a competitividade das organizações.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMMO.pdf: 1788461 bytes, checksum: c91e5052b5a23718a605943ed35a8163 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-09 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The capacity of introducing new products in the market has been considered as an important factor for companies competitiveness. This is the reality of the food industry that adopts technological and organizational changes in their productive processes, the materials supply and the products distribution, mainly for products differentiation. These changes evidence the suppliers and distributors growing to the food processed supply chain. Then, the importance of this study: its contribution for the understanding of the supplier s paper in the new beverage development process. Besides, the researched theme has relevance considering the shortage of works that analyze the relationship of ingredients suppliers in the food chain. It is had as presupposition, based on the literature, that the supplier involvement in the product development process propitiates time and cost reduction in the product development, quality improvement of the acquired materials and larger access facility and technology application. The analysis of the suppliers involvement in the supply chain focused in their participation in the buyer s new product development process, narrowing to the ingredients suppliers. This work was developed with multiple cases studies in four companies of the segments of no alcoholic drinks (fresh juice and powdered soft drinks) and drunk milky and a common ingredient supplier to those companies. Those segments were chosen due to the great growth of the demand by these products, given the appeal of their functional (health) and convenience (comfort). It was observed, mainly, that the responsibility degree of the supplier in the product development is function of its technical competence (knowledge and experience). It was also verified that the supplier s participation that happens in the initial phases of the new beverage process development, facilitates the access and technology application in the food product development process. / A capacidade de introduzir novos produtos no mercado tem sido considerada como importante fator de competitividade das empresas. Esta é a realidade da indústria de alimentos que adota mudanças tecnológicas e organizacionais em seus processos produtivos, no suprimento de seus materiais e na distribuição de seus produtos, principalmente para diferenciação de produtos. Estas mudanças evidenciam a crescente integração dos fornecedores (a montante) e de distribuidores (a jusante) à cadeia de suprimentos de processadoras de alimentos. Daí importância deste estudo: sua contribuição para a compreensão do papel do fornecedor no processo de desenvolvimento de novas bebidas. Além disso, o tema pesquisado tem relevância considerando a escassez de trabalhos que analisam a relação de fornecedores de ingredientes na cadeia de alimentos. Tem-se como pressuposto, baseado na literatura, que o envolvimento do fornecedor no processo de desenvolvimento de produto propicia redução de tempo e de custos no desenvolvimento de produtos, melhora da qualidade dos materiais adquiridos e maior facilidade de acesso e aplicação de tecnologia. A análise do envolvimento de fornecedores na cadeia de suprimento focou na sua participação no processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos junto ao cliente industrial, restringindo-se aos fornecedores de ingredientes. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com estudo de múltiplos casos em quatro empresas dos segmentos de bebidas não alcoólicas (sucos pronto para beber e refresco em pó) e bebidas lácteas e um fornecedor de ingrediente comum às empresas. Esses segmentos foram escolhidos devido ao grande crescimento da demanda por estes produtos, dado o apelo de serem funcionais (saúde) e de conveniência (comodidade). Observou-se, principalmente, que o grau de responsabilidade do fornecedor no desenvolvimento de produto é função de sua competência técnica (conhecimento e experiência). Constatou-se também que a participação do fornecedor que ocorre nas fases iniciais do processo de desenvolvimento de novas bebidas, facilita o acesso e aplicação de tecnologia no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos alimentícios.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6152.pdf: 3354145 bytes, checksum: 79e1a8f933f561877e3ab568d8156e1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This research aims to present and analyze the practices that can be established by focus companies with their suppliers, distributors and consumers, so that sustainability is embedded in their supply chains. Moreover, as a way to better understand the dynamics of sustainability, the research also analyzes the barriers faced by organizations when adopting this type of practice. From the information obtained by the technique of systematic literature review, we developed a questionnaire for the empirical stage of this research - a survey with organizations known for adopting sustainable practices. Among the results, it is emphasized that the practices aimed at environmental issues are further explored, both in literature and empirically. Regarding the practices with suppliers, those that require a lesser degree of involvement between companies - less collaboration - and had a more assessment nature stood out. Considering the chain downstream, practices among distributors are still poorly known, both in literature and empirically; and practices that stood out with consumers referred to the sharing of information, and labeling of products. Considering the barriers, the more relevant indicated by respondents was the cost. From the results obtained, proposals were outlined, both theoretical and practical, about the incorporation of sustainable practices throughout the supply chain, and how to overcome potential barriers. It is believed that these proposals can be a starting point for further academic research, and still be used by managers interested in the sustainable management of their organizations. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar as práticas que podem ser estabelecidas pelas empresas foco junto a seus fornecedores, distribuidores e consumidores, para que a sustentabilidade seja incorporada em suas cadeias de suprimentos. Além disso, como uma forma de se compreender melhor a dinâmica da sustentabilidade, a pesquisa também analisa as barreiras enfrentadas pelas organizações quando da adoção desse tipo de prática. A partir das informações obtidas por meio da técnica de revisão sistemática da literatura, desenvolveuse um questionário para a etapa empírica do trabalho - uma survey junto a organizações que reconhecidamente adotam práticas sustentáveis. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que as práticas voltadas a questões ambientais são mais exploradas, tanto na literatura quanto na prática. Com relação às práticas junto aos fornecedores, as que mais se destacam são aquelas que precisam de um menor grau de envolvimento entre as empresas menor colaboração e que possuem um cunho mais avaliativo. Considerando a cadeia a jusante, as ações junto aos distribuidores ainda são pouco difundidas, tanto na literatura quanto na prática; e as práticas de destaque junto aos consumidores referiram-se ao compartilhamento de informações, e à rotulagem de produtos. Considerando ainda as barreiras, a de maior relevância indicada pelos respondentes foi o custo. Finalmente, a partir dos resultados obtidos, foram delineadas propostas, tanto teóricas quanto práticas, relativas à incorporação de práticas sustentáveis ao longo das cadeias de suprimento, e à superação das possíveis barreiras. Acredita-se que as mesmas possam ser ponto de partida para novas pesquisas acadêmicas, e ainda ser utilizadas por gestores interessados na gestão sustentável de suas organizações.