Extremt prematura barn behöver ofta medicinsk vård dygnet runt, vanligtvis på en neonatal intensivvårdsavdelning (neo-IVA). Miljön på neo-IVA bör erbjuda utvecklingsstödjande vård som stödjer sömn och stabila fysiologiska parametrar. Den medicinska utrustningen och vårdbehandlingen på neo-IVA kan dock leda till negativa effekter för barnen. Prematura barn är känsliga för alla stimuli, såsom höga ljud och stark belysning. De måste skyddas samt vårdas på ett sätt så deras utveckling gynnas. Syftet var att beskriva de faktorer i vårdmiljön inom neonatal intensivvård som främjar de prematura barnens utveckling. Data analyserades enligt Whittemore och Knafls beskrivning. Resultatet presenteras i följande kategorier: icke farmakologiska metoder som främjar barnens utveckling, förutsättningar för att ge barnen en god sömn, miljöns påverkan på barnens beteendemönster, barnens vårdtid påverkas av olika miljöer och miljöns påverkan på barnens fysiologiska parametrar. Resultaten visar att position, beröring, musik, ljud och ljus påverkar hur barnen känner och utvecklas och bidrar med kunskaper om en vårdmiljö som är mer fördelaktig när det gäller barnens vård och utveckling. I diskussionen reflekteras områden som hur personal på neo-IVA kan ge bättre vård för prematura barn med minskat lidande och möjlighet till god utveckling som följd. / Extreme premature infants often require around the clock medical care, typically provided in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). As such, the environment at NICU should offer developmentally supportive care that supports sleep and stable physiological parameters. However, the medical equipment and procedures in the NICUs can lead to negative effects on infants. Premature infants are sensitive to all stimuli, such as loud noises and bright lighting. They must be protected and cared for in such a way that benefits their development. The purpose was to describe the factors in the care environment in neonatal intensive care that promote the development of premature infants. Data were analyzed according to Whittemore and Knafl's description. The results are presented in the following categories: non-pharmacological methods that promote infant development, conditions for giving infants sufficient sleep, the environment's impact on infants' behavioral patterns, infants' care time affected by different environments and the environment's impact on infants' physiological parameters. The results show that body position, touch, music, sound and light affect how infants feel and develop and contribute with knowledge about a care environment that is more beneficial when it comes to the infant’s care and development. The discussion reflects areas such as how staff at NICU can provide better care for premature infants with reduced suffering and the opportunity for good development as a result.

This study sets out to explore English teachers’ perceptions of aspects concerning theirworkplace and collegial collaborations. At the present time in Sweden, there is a need fornew qualified teachers, and furthermore, a considerable amount of the current teachersemployed are considering resignation. This has resulted in that many unlicensed teachers,who are not properly qualified, have been hired. In some schools, this has causedcompetence development to stagnate, having teachers rely more on getting through theirwork-days rather than to develop the quality of their teaching. Furthermore, reports havesurfaced that reveal heightened stress levels, and workload to be causing more sick leaveand burnout. However, a concept called collective efficacy, have been found to countermany of these issues. By prioritizing collective collaboration and efforts that are wellstructured and supported by the school leadership, personnel have been shown to improvein both efficacy and well-being. This is why we wanted to examine what perceptionsEnglish teachers had of their current workplace situation, communication, opportunities forcollegial exchanges, supportive measures and competence development in regard toteaching English. The study was conducted using a mixed methods approach. We gathereddata through a questionnaire with 34 respondents, and through semi-structured interviewswith two English teachers. A majority of the teachers in the study were positive to theperception that they collectively could improve student results. They were also positive tothe benefits of collegial exchanges. However, time is frequently identified as the leadingfactor as to why they can not, under ruling circumstances, incorporate more structuredcollegial exchanges. This implies that schools and school leadership would need todedicate both time and to structure formal and functioning meetings for these collegialexchanges at their schools - should they chose an approach such as this.

Att hantera konsekvenserna av klimatförändringarna är en av mänsklighetens störstautmaningar. Forskare, förespråkare och andra aktörer har länge försökt kommunicera tillallmänheten om klimatförändringar, men det tycks vara svårare än väntat. En paradox haruppstått som innebär att ju mer fakta som presenteras, desto mindre oro. Ett tydligt exempelpå var och hur det kan komma till uttryck är i medier. Ytterligare en global utmaning är denpågående covid-19-pandemin. I ett tidigt skede observerade vi att medierapporteringen påolika sätt började koppla samman covid-19-pandemin med klimatförändringarna. Syftet meddenna studie är att undersöka hur klimatkommunikationen tar sig uttryck under covid-19-pandemin via debattartiklar. Metoden för undersökningen var en latent innehållsanalys ochresultatet analyserades med hjälp av Per Espen Stoknes modell om de fem psykologiskabarriärerna samt teori om strategier inom klimatkommunikation. Resultatet visar attklimatkommunikationen uttrycktes på olika sätt genom både barriärer och strategier, men attkommunikationen till överhängande del uttrycktes genom strategier. Studien kan ökaförståelsen för hur klimatförändringar kan kommuniceras för att skapa klimatengagemangoch kan därmed fungera som en språngbräda för fortsatt forskning. / Dealing with the consequences of climate change is one of humanity's greatest challenges.Researchers, advocates and other actors have long tried to communicate to the public aboutclimate change, but it seems to be more difficult than expected. A paradox has arisen whichmeans that the more facts that are presented, the less concern. A clear example of where andhow it can be expressed is in the media. Another global challenge is the ongoing covid-19pandemic. At an early stage, we began to observe how different types of media started to linkthe covid-19 pandemic to climate change. Based on the background of climatecommunication and this observation, the purpose of this study is to investigate how climatecommunication is expressed during the covid-19 pandemic via debate articles. A latentcontent analysis was performed and the results was analyzed with Per Espen Stoknes modelon the five psychological barriers and theory on strategies in climate communication. Theresults show that climate communication was expressed in different ways through bothbarriers and strategies, but mainly through strategies. The study can further increase theunderstanding of how climate change can be communicated to create climate commitmentand can thus serve as a springboard for further research.

Especially in the context of complex organizational changes, employees’ support is crucial for success because change-supportive behaviors of employees are required to compensate for higher uncertainties related to the implementation and the consequences of the changes. Yet, change support of employees is no automatic reaction. Seen from a psychological perspective change support represents a planned behavior of employees that is preceded by change-supportive intentions formed in reaction to the specific changes at hand. Hence, it is important to understand how employees react to organizational changes and how they form change-supportive intentions. However, research on employees’ change reactions is a rather fragmented field that poses great challenges for researchers and practitioners striving to establish evidence-based approaches of change management. Therefore, the present research answers the call for more theoretical integration and refinement in the field of organizational research. Specifically, the present research makes use of the theory of planned behavior (TPB, Ajzen, 1991) which as is an established psychological theory for explaining human behaviors in social contexts. Based on this theoretical foundation, the present work systematically examines influences on the formation of change-supportive intentions from change-specific management factors (Study 1) and from personal factors (Study 2), as well as interrelational influences among the psychological determinants of change-supportive intentions (Study 3). Across all studies, the value of the TPB for understanding the formation of change-supportive intentions is supported. In addition, each study reveals unique insights. Revealing systematic linkages of change-specific management factors and psychological factors, Study 1 highlights the value of theoretical integration to promote evidence-based management. Study 2 finds affective organizational commitment to be an important predictor of change-supportive intentions with direct and indirect effects via the psychological determinants. Study 3 shows the relevance of a configurational perspective for more fully understanding the psychological processes involved in the formation of change-supportive intentions. Taken together, the appended studies contribute to the theoretical integration and refinement in change research and enable more systematic, well-founded diagnoses in change processes by providing scientific guidance for evidence-based change management.

This dissertation aims to apply the configurational perspective to organizational surveys. The studies included in this dissertation demonstrate that an increasingly popular configurational method can be applied to large dataset sizes similar to organizational surveys. This method is called fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Additionally, the incremental insights of fsQCA are illustrated by taking traditional methods into comparison. At the same time, the presented research addresses current methodological challenges to fsQCA in order to shed light on its application in the context of organizational surveys and to reduce reasons inhibiting researchers to use this method. The first study conceptualized and empirically investigated differently complex interplays of core manageable factors predicting and influencing high levels of affective commitment. Specifically, the results indicate that job design, organizational treatment, leadership, and recognition were consistently found to be essential in terms of incremental, relative, and configurational importance for the management of affective commitment. The second study aims to deepen the understanding of the formation of change-supportive intentions by adopting a configurational perspective. Investigating the theory of planned behavior in a longitudinal setting, the results suggest the combination of high change-related attitude and high change-related perceived behavioral control as the most consistent and reliable solution for fostering high change-supportive intentions. Both the first and second study addressed methodological challenges by adopting robustness tests for large-N fsQCA to increase trustworthiness and reduce sensitivity of the results. Additionally, as required for fsQCA data preparation, recommendations for thresholds were made and different calibration techniques investigated. The third study connects these two studies by performing a simulation on artificial small-N and large-N datasets comparing regression analysis, fsQCA, and its different calibration techniques. In particular, new insights on the joint use of both methods and methodological recommendations on the calibration of fsQCA could be given. In sum, the presented research highlights the applicability of fsQCA to organizational surveys and that a configurational approach can further enrich the understanding of organizations and organizational life.

Introduktion: Pandemin slog hårt mot samhället och idrottsrörelsen då restriktionerna hindrade idrottare från att träna som tidigare. Studier har visat att pandemin har påverkat många idrottare emotionellt och psykiskt. Enligt självbestämmandeteorin är det viktigt att möta de tre psykologiska behoven av kompetens, autonomi och samhörighet för att öka motivation. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur ledare upplevt restriktionernas påverkan på lagets motivation samt vilka strategier tränarna har använt för att stödja motivation. Metod: Detta är en kvalitativ studie med både induktiv och deduktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem ledare med olika utbildning och erfarenhet. Analysen av intervjuerna utfördes genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Utifrån intervjuerna identifierades temat Pandemin har utmanat ledarnas arbete och vidgat deras användande av motiverande strategier samt kategorierna Idrottarna har påverkats negativt av pandemin, Viktigt att stärka idrottarnas kompetens, Uppmuntra självbestämmande för att behålla motivation, Samhörigheten påverkar motivation och Utbildade ledare främjar motivation.  Slutsats:  Strategier som ledarna använde för att stödja motivation var bland annat att sätta individuella mål, låta idrottarna få påverka sin träning, teambuilding och utveckla baskunskap. Det finns behov av vidareutbildning i motivationsstrategier för ledare där fysioterapeuter skulle kunna ha en viktig roll. Vi ser ett behov av vidare forskning för att öka kunskapen kring hur motivation påverkas av en pandemi och hur ledare kan hantera liknande situationer i framtiden.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Previous research has established that supportive work and family environments are critical in helping employees manage stressors that lead to work-family conflict. However, little is known about alternate ways that work-family conflict can be reduced in situations where support is insufficient. Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory, this study examines whether individual differences in personality, specifically core self-evaluations (CSE), can relieve work-family conflict when external sources of support (i.e., family-supportive organizational perceptions (FSOP), supervisor support, family support) are low. Results from 453 men and women in various industries and organizations suggest that FSOP and supervisor support reduce work-to-family conflict (WFC), and that family support reduces family-to-work conflict (FWC). In addition, work-family conflict mediated the negative relationships between social support and employee burnout. Contrary to predictions, however, instead of compensating for low FSOP, WFC was reduced especially for individuals, particularly men, who had both strong FSOP and high CSE. This implies that men who hold more positive views toward their self-worth and competence stand to gain more from family-supportive work environments than individuals who lack the same internal resources. CSE did not have this boosting influence for women. CSE also moderated the indirect relationship between FSOP and burnout through WFC, meaning that individuals with high CSE who also perceived their organization as family-supportive experienced significantly less burnout than those with low CSE.

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Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a frequent, and often life-threatening, complication after an allogeneic, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). It can appear in an acute or a chronic form and presents different grades of severity. Particularly, the severe forms of GvHD are often responsible for a change of the curative intent for allo-SCT into a palliative goal of care. For this non-systematic review, we conducted a focused literature search in the MEDLINE database via PubMed to examine whether patients with severe forms of GvHD might have special needs and burdens from a supportive and palliative care perspective. To draw a comprehensive picture of this patient group, we included findings on quality of life (QoL) and physical symptoms and function as well as psychological and spiritual well-being. In most domains, patients with severe forms of GvHD showed greater impairment and a higher symptom burden compared to patients with milder forms of GvHD. However, we could not identify any studies that specifically investigated patients with severe forms of GvHD. Further research in this field is necessary to guarantee the highest standard of care for this very special patient group.