På grund av den globala flyktingkrisen har invandringen ökat markant i Sverige (SCB, 2017). Etableringsreformen genomfördes 2010 för att hantera de samhälleliga utmaningar som identifierats och med huvudsyfte att påskynda nyanländas etablering på arbetsmarknaden (lag 2010:197). Ansvaret för nyanländas etablering fördelades på olika aktörer där Arbetsförmedlingen fick det primära ansvaret. Arbetsförmedlingens främsta uppgift är att stödja nyanlända att etableras på arbetsmarknaden, vilket innebar att såväl familje- och barnperspektivet som hälsoperspektivet hamnade i bakgrunden av integrationsarbetet. Etableringsreformen innebar även att det är varje kommun som står för integrationsarbetet, vilket kan se olika ut beroende på intresse och förutsättningar. Vidare arbetar myndigheter i så kallad vertikal samordning, som bland annat innebär att ansvarsfördelning mellan angränsande uppdrag kan bli en utmaning (Bolman & Deal, 2012). Det kan också innebära utmaningar för nyanlända som ofta har flera olika kontakter med myndigheter och andra verksamheter. I kommunen där föreliggande studie är genomförd identifierades ett behov av en länkande funktion mellan verksamheterna och de nyanlända, därav valdes det att anställa personal i uppdrag som denna länk. Kommunen har valt att benämna dem som samhällsvägledare med brobyggarfunktion. Studiens syfte är att undersöka förutsättningarna för integrationsarbetet i kommunen, samt samhällsvägledarnas yrkesroll och utveckling av professionell kunskap i deras hälsofrämjande integrationsarbete. Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ metod där inspiration hämtats från den hermeneutiska ansatsen. Semistrukturerad intervju och dokument utgör empirin där tematisk analys genomförts. Resultatet visar att samhällsvägledarnas arbete i huvudsak sker som möten med enskilda individer som de följer i sina ärenden. Arbetet kräver stor anpassningsförmåga och bred kunskap, då det är tydligt behovsstyrt utifrån de enskilda nyanlända. Detta är möjligt inom ramen för etableringens riktlinjer och att samhällsvägledaren arbetar mellan verksamheterna och nyanlända. Utvecklingen av samhällsvägledarens professionella kunskap sker i det dagliga integrationsarbetet. Exempelvis möter de utmaningar som ger inlärningsmöjligheter vid samtal med nyanlända. Samhällsvägledaren står i kontakt med verksamheter i kommunen och lär sig hur dessa arbetar, vilket underlättar deras arbete när de möter nyanlända med liknande behov. Samhällsvägledarnas egen livserfarenhet och kulturella kunskap utgör en annan förutsättning för integrationsarbetet. Vidare kan arbetet anses som hälsofrämjande insatser, genom att samhällsvägledaren tydliggör funktioner i samhället som att förklara hur Arbetsförmedlingen fungerar eller hänvisa till Försäkringskassan. Nyanlända kommer i kontakt med rätt verksamhet utifrån sitt behov via samhällsvägledaren vilket kan skynda på etableringsprocessen. Yrkesrollen är ny och relativt outforskad, vilket gör att studien bidrar till viktig kunskap för integrationsarbetet, vilka kompetenser som kan stödja arbetet och hur yrkesroller som ingår i detta kan utvecklas. / Because of the global migrant crisis, the immigration to Sweden has increased markedly (SCB, 2017). The Establishment Reform was implemented in 2010 to handle the social challenges that were identified and its main purpose was to accelerate the newly arrived's establishment in the job market (lag 2010:197). The responsibility for handling the establishment of the newly arrived was allocated among different actors, were Arbetsförmedlingen was assigned the main responsibility. The primary task of Arbetsförmedlingen is to support the newly arrived to establish themselves in the job market, which entailed that the family perspective and children perspective, as well as the health perspective ended up in the background of the integration work. The Establishment Reform also meant that each municipality is responsible for the integration work, which may look different depending on interest and preconditions. Furthermore, authorities work in what is called "vertical coordination", meaning, among other things, that the assignment of responsibility between delimited assignment may become a challenge (Bolman & Deal, 2012). It may also mean challenges for the newly arrived, which is often in contact with numerous authorities and other operations. For the municipality were the aforementioned study was carried out, a need was identified for a function which bridged the gap between operations and the newly arrived, hence personel was hired to carry out this function. The municipality choose to denominate these personel as Community Guidance workers with bridging capabilities. The objective of the study was to examine the municipality's integration work preconditions, as well as the Community Guidance worker's profession and the development of professional knowledge for their health promotional integration work. The study was carried out using a quality method, were inspiration was drawn from the hermeneutic approach. Semi-structured interviews and documents constitutes the empirics were thematic analysis were performed. The result of the study shows that the Community Guidance worker's job mainly is carried out as meetings between individuals that they follow in their matters. The work of the Social Guidance worker demands a great ability to adapt and a broad knowledge, as it is distinctively based on the needs of the newly arrived individual. This is possible within the scope of the establishment's guidelines and that the Community Guidance worker works between the operations and the newly arrived. The development of the Community Guidance worker's professional knowledge is formed in the everyday integration work. They will for instance happen upon challenges that will bring about learning possibilities through conversations with the newly arrived. The Community Guidance worker is in contact with the operations in the municipality and will gain knowledge regarding how they work, which in turn will facilitate their own work when the meet newly arrived with similar needs. The Community Guidance worker's own life experiences and cultural understanding constitutes a different prerequisite for the integration work. Further, this work may be seen as health promotional efforts, as the Community Guidance worker clarifies social functions such as explaining how Arbetsförmedlingen works or refer them to Försäkringskassan. The newly arrived will be put I contact with the correct operation based on their need, via the Community Guidance worker, which may accelerate their establishment process. The profession is new and relatively unexplored, which makes this study a valuable contribution to integration work, what expertise will support integrationwork and how the professions that are part of this work may be developed.

The main objective of my diploma thesis is to reach the significance of small and medium-sized enterprises and make a statistical analysis of the specific program supporting small and medium-sized enterprises provided by the Czech Moravian Guarantee Bank with the emphasis on the labour market. The analysis indicated that small and medium-sized enterprises are significant players not only in the Czech economy, but also in other states in the world. Small and medium-sized enterprises make 99,23% of the whole business sector in the Czech Republic. They dominate in sectors such as trade, services, fishing, manufacturing and other labour-intensive industries. No less important role small and medium-sized enterprises play in providing jobs, for 59,9% of work force employed in the Czech Republic. Most of empirical studies claim that small and medium-sized enterprises are significant in job creation as well as in job destruction. The certain of jobs in small and medium-sized enterprises are really poor in comparison with the large companies. There are lots of supportive programmes for small and medium-sized enterprises which are concentrated on regional level as well as blanket character. Evaluation of the program supporting small and medium-sized enterprises provided by the Czech Moravian Guarantee Bank confirmed their significance role in job creation and also indicated their small part in job destruction.

Population ageing has been taking place all over the world, being estimated that 2.1 billion people will be aged 60 or over in 2050. Healthcare Supportive Home (HSH) Systems have been proposed to overcome the high demand of remote home care for assisting an increasing number of elderly people living alone. Since a heterogeneous team of healthcare professionals need to collaborate to continually monitor health status of chronic patients, a cooperation of pre-existing e-Health systems, both outside and inside home, is required. However, current HSH solutions are proprietary, monolithic, high coupled, and expensive, and most of them do not consider their interoperation neither with distributed and external e-Health systems, nor with systems running inside the home (e.g., companion robots or activity monitors). These systems are sometimes designed based on local legislations, specific health system configurations (e.g., public, private or mixed), care plan protocols, and technological settings available; therefore, their reusability in other contexts is sometimes limited. As a consequence, these systems provide a limited view of patient health status, are difficult to evolve regarding the evolution of patients health profile, do not allow continuous patients monitoring, and present limitations to support the self-management of multiple chronic conditions. To contribute to solve the aforementioned challenges, this thesis establishes HomecARe, a reference architecture for supporting the development of quality HSH systems. HomecARe considers HSH systems as Systems-of-Systems (SoS) (i.e., large, complex systems composed of heterogeneous, distributed, and operational and managerial independent systems), which achieve their missions (e.g., improvement of patients quality of life) through the behavior that emerges as result of collaborations among their constituents. To establish HomecARe, a systematic process to engineer reference architectures was adopted. As a result, HomecARe presents domain knowledge and architectural solutions (i.e., architectural patterns and tactics) described using conceptual, mission, and quality architectural viewpoints. To assess HomecARe, a case study was performed by instantiating HomecARe to design the software architecture of DiaManT@Home, a HSH system to assist at home patients suffering of diabetes mellitus. Results evidenced HomecARe is a viable reference architecture to guide the development of reusable, interoperable, reliable, secure, and adaptive HSH systems, bringing important contributions for the areas of e-Health, software architecture, and reference architecture for SoS. / O envelhecimento da população é um fenômeno mundial e estima-se que no ano 2050, 2,1 bilhões de pessoas terão 60 anos ou mais. Sistemas de casas inteligentes para o cuidado da saúde (em inglês Healthcare Supportive Home - HSH systems) têm sido propostos para atender a alta demanda de serviços de monitoramento contínuo do número cada vez maior de pacientes que vivem sozinhos em suas residências. Considerando que o monitoramento do estado de saúde de pacientes crônicos requer a colaboração de equipes formadas por profissionais de várias especialidades, é fundamental que haja cooperação entre sistemas eletrônicos de saúde (por exemplo, sistemas de prontuário eletrônico ou sistemas de atenção de emergência), sendo eles externos ou internos à residência. Entretanto, as soluções de HSH existentes são comerciais, monolíticas, altamente acopladas e de alto custo. A maioria delas não considera a interoperabilidade entre sistemas distribuídos e exteriores ou internos à residência dos pacientes, como é o caso de robôs de companhia e monitores de atividade. Além disso, os sistemas de HSH muitas vezes são projetados com base em legislações locais, na estrutura do sistema de saúde (por exemplo, público, privado ou misto), nos planos de cuidados nacionais e nos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis; portanto, a reusabilidade desses sistemas em outros contextos é não é uma tarefa trivial. Em consequência, os sistemas de HSH existentes oferecem uma visão restrita do estado de saúde do paciente, são difíceis de evoluir acompanhando as mudanças no perfil de saúde do paciente, impossibilitando assim seu monitoramento contínuo e limitando o suporte para o paciente na autogestão de suas múltiplas condições crônicas. Visando contribuir na resolução dos desafios apresentados, esta tese estabelece a HomecARe, uma arquitetura de referência para apoiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de HSH de qualidade. A HomecARe considera os sistemas de HSH como Sistemas-de-Sistemas (do inglês Systems-of-Systems - SoS) (ou seja, sistemas grandes e complexos formados por outros sistemas heterogêneos, distribuídos e que apresentam independência em seu gerenciamento e operação), que cumprem suas missões (por exemplo, melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente) mediante o comportamento que emerge resultante da colaborações entre seus sistemas constituintes. Para estabelecer a HomecARe, foi adotado um processo sistemático que apoia a engenharia de arquiteturas de referência. Como resultado, a HomecARe contém o conhecimento do domínio, bem como soluções arquiteturais (por exemplo, padrões arquiteturais e táticas) que são descritas usando os pontos de vista conceitual, de missão e de qualidade. A HomecARe foi avaliada por meio da condução de um estudo de caso em que a arquitetura de referência foi instanciada para projetar o DiaManT@Home, um sistema de HSH que visa apoiar pacientes diagnosticados com diabetes mellitus na autogestão de sua doença. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a HomecARe é uma arquitetura de referência viável para guiar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de HSH reusáveis, interoperáveis, confiáveis, seguros e adaptativos, trazendo importantes contribuições nas áreas de saúde eletrônica, arquitetura de software e arquiteturas de referência para SoS.

As transformações observadas nos últimos vinte anos no mercado cafeeiro para diferenciar o produto com base em parâmetros de qualidade atendem a novos valores associados ao consumo. Mais do que uma estratégia de concorrência para agregar valor, a diferenciação de cafés reorganiza as relações sociais em todo sistema produtivo, desde a produção e o comércio dos grãos até a torrefação e a distribuição para os consumidores, por meio de ações cooperativas que viabilizam a coexistência das novas formas de organização com os mercados tradicionais. A qualidade do café pode assumir uma ampla gama de conceitos, sendo os mais tradicionais relacionados a fatores como clima, solo, altitude, sistema de produção e beneficiamento. Os novos parâmetros dos cafés diferenciados, chamados de especiais, apresentam tanto dimensões materiais - que incorporam atributos de natureza física e sensorial, e geralmente se traduzem em qualidade superior da bebida quanto dimensões simbólicas, relacionadas a uma nova ética associada a características ambientais e sociais da produção, como no caso dos cafés orgânicos, sombreados e do comércio solidário, definidos como cafés sustentáveis. Tendo em vista a forte associação entre a qualidade dos cafés e a dos vinhos, esta pesquisa investiga a organização social do mercado de cafés sustentáveis, para responder porque, em meio a uma proliferação de selos de qualidade, os mecanismos de certificação sustentável de café se estruturam de tal modo que não consideram a origem dos plantios. O eixo temático está nos processos de padronização e de certificação de qualidade. Estes novos mercados vêm sendo construídos para expressar novas relações de poder no segmento de cafés especiais, e transformam o mercado com atores anônimos em mercados onde eles têm identidades. A valorização material e simbólica de parâmetros ambientais e sociais da produção e comércio é capaz de formar redes de cooperação que funcionam dentro de uma lógica distinta da estrutura vigente, e proporciona maiores ganhos a atores sociais que estavam em alguma desvantagem no mercado de commodities por não terem a qualidade e identidade de seus produtos devidamente recompensada e reconhecida. Estudos desta natureza exigem uma análise que inclua a sociologia dos mercados para avaliar o emaranhado de relações sociais na vida econômica. A abordagem teórica da sociologia econômica fornece elementos para avaliar o processo de construção social dos mercados, especialmente os novos, por meio de quatro pilares que lhes dão sustentação: os direitos de propriedade, as estruturas de governança, as regras de troca e as concepções de controle. O enfoque político-cultural enfatiza a perspectiva histórica dos mercados para compreender o papel dos grupos dominantes e desafiantes em arenas de ação, considerando a participação de atores sociais como governos, firmas e consumidores, entre outros, e seus incentivos para ações cooperativas a partir dos laços cognitivos que os unem. O estudo empírico focalizou duas regiões geograficamente delimitadas, pioneiras no cultivo, comércio e certificação de cafés sustentáveis: a Serra de Baturité, no Ceará, onde se cultiva o café em sistema sombreado e os municípios de Machado e Poço Fundo situados no Sul de Minas, no estado de Minas Gerais, onde se encontram cafés orgânicos e do comércio solidário. Estes casos foram escolhidos pois, ao contrário de outras regiões produtoras de cafés especiais, os cafeicultores destas regiões mostram evidências informais de valorização da origem dos plantios e estão submetidos a um conjunto de regras e de controles específicos que os diferenciam como sustentáveis. / Over the last twenty years, the coffee market has been transformed by moves to differentiate products through the construction of quality standards that embrace new values associated with consumption. More than a value-adding competitive strategy, coffee differentiation reorganizes social relations across the production system, from grain production and trade to roasting and consumer distribution by means of cooperative actions that enable the coexistence of new organizational forms with traditional markets. Coffee quality is a function of a wide array of concepts, with those related to climate, soil, altitude, production systems and processing being the most traditional. The new parameters for differentiated coffees, called special or specialty, present not only material dimensions - incorporating physical and sensory attributes generally translated into a superior kind of beverage - but also symbolic dimensions, concerning a new ethic which is allied to social and environmental production characteristics, such as the case with organic, shade-grown and fair-trade coffees, defined as sustainable coffees. Taking into account the strong association between quality of coffee and quality of wine, this research investigates the social organization of the sustainable coffee market in order to answer the question of why, amidst a profusion of quality seals, the mechanisms for certifying sustainable coffee are structured so as not to consider the origin of the crops. This work focuses on the quality standardization and certification processes as its pivotal theme. These refer to emerging markets being built to express new power relations in the segment of specialty coffees that transform markets populated with anonymous agents into markets where these agents have identities. The material and symbolic valuation of social and environmental parameters of production and trade not only form cooperative networks operating on a logic different from that currently in force, but also provide higher gains to social actors who were disadvantaged in the commodities market for not having the quality and identity of their products duly rewarded and recognized. Studies of this nature require an analysis that includes the sociology of markets in order to assess the mesh of social relations within economic life. The theoretical approach of economic sociology, which provides elements to evaluate the process of, particularly new, social market construction, is dependent upon four essential factors: property rights, governance structures, rules of exchange and conceptions of control. The political-cultural approach emphasizes the historic perspective of the markets to understand the role of dominant groups and challengers in action arenas and considers the participation of social actors like governments, firms and consumers, among others, and their incentives for cooperative actions based on the cognitive ties that bind them. The empiric study focused on two geographically-delimited regions which pioneered the cultivation, trade and certification of sustainable coffees: the Baturité Mountain Range in the state of Ceará where shade-grown coffee is cultivated and the municipalities of Machado and Poço Fundo, located in southern Minas Gerais state, where organic and fair trade coffees are found. These cases were chosen because, unlike other locales producing specialty coffee, these are regions where coffee growers display informal evidence of adding value to the origin of the coffee crop, submitting as they must to a set of specific rules and controls that differentiates them as sustainable.

The study aimed to explore the experiences of dual career (DC) among Swedish student-eSport players from a holistic perspective, and focused on the challenges faced in DC, the coping strategies used, and how DC influenced the student-eSport players. Interviews were conducted with 7 student-eSport players enrolled in an upper secondary school or university providing DC supportive resources. The participants were all males between 16 and 22 years of age (M= 18, SD= 2.16). The works of Stambulova et al. (2015) and Henriksen (2010) served as foundations in creating the two semi-structured interview guides used by the authors. The authors performed a thematic analysis of the data to identify experiences relevant to the concepts of dual career and athlete talent development. The results showed that the participants’ experienced challenges related to eSports, school, and their private lives. Their private lives were perceived to be the most challenging due to the need of balancing their time between their meaningful relationships and DC demands. Coping strategies claimed to be used were time management, physical activity, and relying on their supportive network. The supportive network encompassing the coach, school environment, friends, partner, and family were identified as a coping resource in congruence with the participants’ individual skills. Positive influence of DC on the student-eSport players was found in both academical and eSport, but negative in private life due to experiencing a lack of time to dedicate to family and friends. The results of the study reveal that Swedish student-eSport players’ DC experiences share similarities with those experienced by student-athletes in traditional sports, and highlights challenges and positive benefits associated with combining eSports with studies. / Studiens syfte var att utforska erfarenheterna av dubbla karriär (DC) bland svenska eSport-spelare ur ett holistiskt perspektiv, och fokuserade på att undersöka utmaningar som uppstod, coping-strategier som användes, och hur DC påverkade student-eSport spelarna. Intervjuer utfördes med 7 student-eSport spelare antagna på gymnasier eller universitet som erbjuder DC stöttande program. Deltagarna var män och var mellan 16 och 22 år gamla (M = 18, SD = 2,16). Arbetena av Stambulova et al. (2015) och Henriksen (2010) agerade grunder i skapandet av de två semi-strukturerade intervjuguiderna som användes av författarna. Författarna genomförde en tematisk analys av materialet för att identifiera erfarenheter relaterade till koncepten av dubbla karriärer och talangutveckling. Resultatet visade att student-eSport spelarna upplevde utmaningar relaterade till eSport, akademiskt och i sitt privatliv. Privatlivet upplevdes som det mest krävande på grund av att svårigheter med att balansera sin tid mellan sina meningsfulla relationer och kravställningar i DC. Copingstrategier som användes av deltagarna var tidshantering, fysisk aktivitet, samt att använda sig av sitt stödjande nätverk. Det stödjande nätverket innehållandes tränare, skolmiljö, vänner och familj fungerade även som en coping-resurs i samverkan med deltagarnas individuella kunskaper. Det inflytande DC hade på student-eSport spelarna var både positivt och negativt på olika områden. Positivt inflytande identifierades i både akademisk och eSport men negativt i privatlivet på grund av brist på tid att ägna till familj och vänner. Studiens resultat visar att svenska student-eSport spelares upplevelser av DC delar likheter med de upplevda av student-atleter i traditionella idrotter, och framhäver de utmaningar och positiva fördelar relaterade till att kombinera eSport med studier.

This diploma thesis covers the pupils with visual impairment who are school educated through the supportive measures of varying degrees. Firstly, it describes the essential concepts related to the topic. The first chapter introduces visual functions and their most common disorders, plus visual disorders in childhood which can be encountered in education. In following chapters, the definition and classification of terms used in the Catalogue of support measures in the Czech Republic is introduced and defined. The main terms covered are visual impairment and impaired visual perception and the education specifics are described for each groups of pupils according to the severity of visual impairment. This thesis also contains detailed analysis of support areas and each supportive measure designed for pupils in need of support in education due to the visual impairment and impaired visual perception. In the second part of practical study, research goals and questions are defined. From medical and other relevant reports of special pedagogical centre the qualitative research analysis had been conducted. The data were collected from selected primary school pupils who are using varying degrees of supportive measures. In total, it includes insight of seven pupils who are educated with the second, third and...

Abstract The aim of this study is to find out teachers’ views on what is important to promote for students’ reading comprehensions. The study is based on what experienced teachers in grades 1-3 perceive as successful and what they choose to focus on in the teaching of reading comprehension. Empirical data were obtained through qualitative interviews with teachers from different municipalities in Sweden. The teachers in the study mean that reading is so much more than just reading. Reading is to understand that you understand. The result shows that experienced teachers see reading comprehension as an important part of school teaching. Teachers place great emphasis on teaching reading and reading comprehension through different reading strategies. The imortance of supportive teaching for students is central and is in line with the sociocultural perspective on learning. / Sammanfattning Syftet med den här studien är att ta reda på lärares syn på vad som är viktigt att främja för elevers läsförståelse. Studien utgår från vad erfarna lärare i årskurs 1-3 uppfattar som framgångsrikt och vad de väljer att fokusera på i undervisningen av läsförståelse. För att nå mitt syfte med studien har empiriska data inhämtats genom kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare från olika kommuner i Sverige. Lärarna i studien menar att läsa är så mycket mer än bara att läsa. Läsa är att förstå att man förstår. Resultatet visar på att erfarna lärare ser läsförståelse som en viktig del i skolans undervisning. Lärarna lägger stort fokus på undervisning i läsning och läsförståelse genom olika lässtrategier. Vikten av en stöttande undervisning för eleverna är central och går i linje med det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande.

Nästan en tredjedel av alla anställda i Sverige upplevde under 2020 arbetsrelaterade besvär, så som hög arbetsbelastning, trötthet, oro, ångest eller utmattningssymptom. Arbetsgivare har ett ansvar att arbeta med organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö och ska vid behov ta hjälp av företagshälsovård (FHV) och även samverka med företagshälsovård i preventivt syfte. En misstänkt bidragande orsak till den ökande ohälsan i arbetslivet kan vara att arbetsgivare inte uppfyller sitt fulla ansvar och införlivar arbetet med förebyggande och hälsofrämjande arbetsmiljöarbete. Studien undersökte behandlares (psykologer och beteendevetares) upplevelser av att arbeta med stöd till individer som upplever brister i organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö. En intervjustudie gjordes med åtta informanter från tre olika företagshälsor över hela landet. Analysen bestod av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som resulterade i fyra kategorier med det övergripande temat Behandlares förutsättningar att arbeta med stöd till hälsa i arbetslivet. Resultatet indikerar att behandlarens roll innebär en balansgång mellan organisationen och klienten vilket ibland kan innebära motstridiga intressen. Studien visar också att behandlarnas stöd i stor utsträckning handlar om att stötta klienter att göra anpassningar för att kunna hantera arbetssituationen i arbetsmiljöer som präglas av höga krav. En implikation av resultaten är att organisationer skulle behöva använda sig av FHV i större utsträckning än i dag i sitt arbetsmiljöarbete, för att förebygga ohälsa och främja hälsa. / Nearly one third of all employees in Sweden experienced work-related problems during 2020, such as heavy workload, worry, fatigue, anxiety or exhaustion disorder. Employers are responsible for the organizational and social work environment and are obliged to take assistance from occupational health services (OHS) when needed, and to collaborate with OHS for preventive purposes. A contributing factor to the increasing ill-health in working life could be that employers do not fulfill their responsibility and incorporate preventive and health-promoting work environment management. The study examined psychologists and behavioral scientists’ experiences of giving support to individuals who experience shortcomings in the organizational and social work environment. An interview study was conducted with eight informants from three different OHS across the country. The analysis consisted of a qualitative content analysis that resulted in four categories with the overall theme Conditions for working with support to increased health in working life. The results indicate that the supporting role involves balancing between the organization and the client, which can sometimes mean conflicting interests. The study also shows that the support is largely about supporting clients to make adjustments, to be able to handle the work situation in work environments that are characterized by high demands. One implication of the results is that organizations would need to use OHS to a greater extent, in order to support an improved work environment, to prevent ill-health and to promote health.

Extremt prematura barn behöver ofta medicinsk vård dygnet runt, vanligtvis på en neonatal intensivvårdsavdelning (neo-IVA). Miljön på neo-IVA bör erbjuda utvecklingsstödjande vård som stödjer sömn och stabila fysiologiska parametrar. Den medicinska utrustningen och vårdbehandlingen på neo-IVA kan dock leda till negativa effekter för barnen. Prematura barn är känsliga för alla stimuli, såsom höga ljud och stark belysning. De måste skyddas samt vårdas på ett sätt så deras utveckling gynnas. Syftet var att beskriva de faktorer i vårdmiljön inom neonatal intensivvård som främjar de prematura barnens utveckling. Data analyserades enligt Whittemore och Knafls beskrivning. Resultatet presenteras i följande kategorier: icke farmakologiska metoder som främjar barnens utveckling, förutsättningar för att ge barnen en god sömn, miljöns påverkan på barnens beteendemönster, barnens vårdtid påverkas av olika miljöer och miljöns påverkan på barnens fysiologiska parametrar. Resultaten visar att position, beröring, musik, ljud och ljus påverkar hur barnen känner och utvecklas och bidrar med kunskaper om en vårdmiljö som är mer fördelaktig när det gäller barnens vård och utveckling. I diskussionen reflekteras områden som hur personal på neo-IVA kan ge bättre vård för prematura barn med minskat lidande och möjlighet till god utveckling som följd. / Extreme premature infants often require around the clock medical care, typically provided in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). As such, the environment at NICU should offer developmentally supportive care that supports sleep and stable physiological parameters. However, the medical equipment and procedures in the NICUs can lead to negative effects on infants. Premature infants are sensitive to all stimuli, such as loud noises and bright lighting. They must be protected and cared for in such a way that benefits their development. The purpose was to describe the factors in the care environment in neonatal intensive care that promote the development of premature infants. Data were analyzed according to Whittemore and Knafl's description. The results are presented in the following categories: non-pharmacological methods that promote infant development, conditions for giving infants sufficient sleep, the environment's impact on infants' behavioral patterns, infants' care time affected by different environments and the environment's impact on infants' physiological parameters. The results show that body position, touch, music, sound and light affect how infants feel and develop and contribute with knowledge about a care environment that is more beneficial when it comes to the infant’s care and development. The discussion reflects areas such as how staff at NICU can provide better care for premature infants with reduced suffering and the opportunity for good development as a result.

This study sets out to explore English teachers’ perceptions of aspects concerning theirworkplace and collegial collaborations. At the present time in Sweden, there is a need fornew qualified teachers, and furthermore, a considerable amount of the current teachersemployed are considering resignation. This has resulted in that many unlicensed teachers,who are not properly qualified, have been hired. In some schools, this has causedcompetence development to stagnate, having teachers rely more on getting through theirwork-days rather than to develop the quality of their teaching. Furthermore, reports havesurfaced that reveal heightened stress levels, and workload to be causing more sick leaveand burnout. However, a concept called collective efficacy, have been found to countermany of these issues. By prioritizing collective collaboration and efforts that are wellstructured and supported by the school leadership, personnel have been shown to improvein both efficacy and well-being. This is why we wanted to examine what perceptionsEnglish teachers had of their current workplace situation, communication, opportunities forcollegial exchanges, supportive measures and competence development in regard toteaching English. The study was conducted using a mixed methods approach. We gathereddata through a questionnaire with 34 respondents, and through semi-structured interviewswith two English teachers. A majority of the teachers in the study were positive to theperception that they collectively could improve student results. They were also positive tothe benefits of collegial exchanges. However, time is frequently identified as the leadingfactor as to why they can not, under ruling circumstances, incorporate more structuredcollegial exchanges. This implies that schools and school leadership would need todedicate both time and to structure formal and functioning meetings for these collegialexchanges at their schools - should they chose an approach such as this.