Introduction. The police and the investigation team has been manually doing behavioural analysis and connecting different crimes to an offender. With the help of computers technologies, databases, and automated system, the statistical analysis of the offender’s behaviour significantly improved. There we can transfer from a manual process to an automated one, and the investigator can allocate time and resources better by prioritising the offenders to investigate. In this study, we create and experiment with a proof of concept system that ranks and prioritise different offenders using the Random Choice method in combination with the state of the art Spatial-Temporal method. Objectives. In experimenting with the proof of concept system, we are aiming to understand the effect of different offender’s behaviour having on the offenders ranking and the effect of having multiple different numbers of reference crimes in the database. The objective is also to understand the role of consistency and distinctiveness in offenders ranking. Moreover, understanding the performances of our proof of concept system comparing to already existing methods such as Random Choice, Spatial-Temporal and a baseline method that based on pure randomness. Method. The method we chose for this study was an experimental study. With an experimental environment with independent and dependent variables, we presented and evaluated the system. We were using the experimenting approach because it has a stable presence and widely used in similar studies in this field. Results. After the experiments, we found that different Modus Operandi (MO)categories have a different effect on the ranking results and different distinctive combinations of MO categories also has different accuracy when ranking the offenders. Offenders that were consistent with more references crime in the database were often higher ranked and were linked more correctly. Our proof of concept system shows significant improvement over Random Choice method and the Spatial-Temporalmethod. Conclusion. From the results, we concluded that the proof of concept system displays a significant accuracy in ranking and prioritising offenders, there different MO categories and combinations of them has a different effect on the accuracy of the ranking. The ranking system was also affected by the number of reference cases that exist in the database. Future works can extend the study by trying to improve different aspects of the proof of concept systems, such as the Random Choice aspect or the Spatial-Temporal aspect.

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The purpose of this study was to examine how the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet portrayed a man who was a suspect of preparation of terrorist crimes, in articles published between 19th of November 2015 and the 23rd of Januari 2016. The aim was to get a deeper understanding of the portraiture of the person in question, and to point out existing discourses in the analysed material with the help of critical discourse analysis as explained by Norman Fairclough and his theories about identities, social representation and relations. Theories about social representation and postcolonialism were used as a springboard for the analysis. In the study we found two distinct discourses. The discourse for the period prior the man’s release was clearly influenced by denuniation and alienation, and the one found for the period after the man’s release were welcoming. Conclusions drawn from the study are that Aftonbladet portrays the man in a stereotypical manner, as well as legitimizes their own power of influence.

Orientador: Dagoberto José Fonseca / Banca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello / Banca: Luís Antônio de Souza / Resumo: Em fins do século XIX algumas idéias são incorporadas ao pensamento social do Brasil. O positivismo, o social evolucionismo e o social-darwinismo, associados à criminologia consolidaram modelos explicativos da sociedade e do Estado brasileiros. A partir do suporte racialista, a intelectualidade construiu teoricamente as chamadas "classes perigosas", ou a naturalização da periculosidade e da criminalidade, resultando na discriminação do negro e do mestiço. Com o aspecto de polidez e sob a égide da ciência, os modelos explicativos se difundiram, entre a intelectualidade e as classes economicamente favorecidas, por meios que vão desde a academia, até a literatura e a imprensa oficial. No aparelho policial, tais idéias chegaram através dos adeptos do positivismo e de intelectuais com grande participação na vida social do país, como o médico Nina Rodrigues. Com isso, o estudo que apresentamos na forma desta dissertação, objetivou compreender a formação de uma identidade bandida sobre a imagem do negro e a manifestação da idéia de suspeição pela instituição pública, que a nosso ver, mantém um maior contato com a população em geral, ou seja, a Polícia Militar, em especial, no estado de São Paulo. Para a realização do que propomos aqui, utilizamos como procedimentos de pesquisa a interpretação sociológica e histórica tanto da Polícia Militar como das políticas do Estado, da intelectualidade e dos processos desencadeados pelas relações dos mesmos. Do mesmo modo, associamos a essa interpretação, entrevistas concedidas por policiais militares, o que possibilitou captar os empregos atuais das idéias sugeridas, ainda, em fins do século XIX. / Abstract: In the late nineteenth century some ideas are incorporated into the social thought of Brazil. Positivism, social evolutionism and social-darwinism, associated with criminology consolidated explanatory models of society and the brazilian State. With the support racialist, intellectuals built theoretically so-called "dangerous classes" or the naturalization of danger and crime, resulting in the discrimination of black and mestizo. With the appearance of politeness and under the aegis of science, explanatory models have spread among the intelligentsia and the Affluent, by means ranging from academia, literature and even the official press. In the police apparatus, such ideas came through supporters of positivism and intellectuals with strong participation in social life of the country, as the doctor Nina Rodrigues. With this, the study presented in the form of this thesis, aimed at understanding the formation of an identity on the thuggish image of the black and the manifestation of the idea of suspicion by the public institution, which in our view, it maintains a greater contact with the general population, ie, military police, especially in São Paulo. For the realization of what we propose here, we use as research tools to both historical and sociological interpretation of the Military Police and state policies, the intelligentsia and the processes triggered by the same relations. Similarly, we associate with this interpretation, interviews by military police, which enabled to capture the current job of the ideas suggested, even in the late nineteenth century. / Mestre

A police approach usually starts with the traditional sentence "Stop, it's the police!" All the following procedures are, in principle, defined as "security measures" learned during professional qualification as "approach technique", present in practically all programs and military training. Although the procedures of the police approach are pre-defined in technical training manuals, the definition of who will be approached is an open question, influenced by factors internalized many times in automatic processes, without conscious control, and comes from a representation of the suspect, which affects social judgments. With that, this work aims to analyze the stereotypes that the military police of the State of Sergipe have about the suspect and its implications in the police activity. The research was composed by three studies. Study 1 examined the stereotypes police officers attribute to suspects considering their skin color and social status. Studies 2 and 3, using a technique of analysis of automatic response processes, analyzed the shooting decision on armed or disarmed suspects, whites or blacks, Military Police officers in the early stages of professional training or others with ten years or more of professional performance. The results of Study 1 indicate that there is an association between poverty and suspicion, on the one hand, and between skin color and poverty on the other. Studies 2 and 3 indicated the presence of "shooter bias", that is, the tendency to shoot faster and more accurately on black armed suspects than white suspects; as well as the quickest decision not to shoot unarmed suspects of white color than black. The results are discussed in light of the theories of social and cognitive psychology. / Uma abordagem policial geralmente se inicia com a frase tradicional “Pare, é a polícia!” Todos os procedimentos que vêm a seguir são, em princípio, definidos como “medidas de segurança” aprendidas durante a formação profissional como “técnica de abordagem”, presente em praticamente todos os cursos e formação militar. Ainda que os procedimentos da abordagem policial estejam pré-definidos em manuais técnicos de formação, a definição de quem será abordado é uma questão aberta, influenciada por fatores interiorizados muitas vezes em processos automáticos, sem controle consciente, e que decorrem de uma representação do suspeito que afeta os julgamentos sociais. Com isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os estereótipos que os policiais militares do Estado de Sergipe possuem acerca do suspeito e suas implicações na atividade policial. A pesquisa foi composta por três estudos. O estudo 1 analisou os estereótipos que os policiais atribuem aos suspeitos considerando a sua cor da pele e estrato social. Os estudos 2 e 3, utilizando uma técnica de análise de processos automáticos de resposta, analisaram a decisão de tiro em suspeitos armados ou desarmados, brancos ou negros, de Policiais Militares em fase inicial de formação profissional e outros com dez anos ou mais de atuação profissional. Os resultados do Estudo 1 indicam que há uma associação entre pobreza e suspeição, por um lado, e entre cor da pele e pobreza, por outro. Os estudos 2 e 3 indicaram a presença de “shooter bias”, ou seja, a tendência a atirar mais rapidamente e com maior precisão em suspeitos armados de cor negra do que nos de cor branca; bem como a decisão mais rápida de não atirar em suspeitos desarmados de cor branca que de cor negra. Os resultados são discutidos à luz das teorias da psicologia social e cognitiva. / São Cristóvão, SE

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suspeito.pdf: 1776158 bytes, checksum: 3aba78fdef396a36881d2132af067bb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-24 / This dissertation has an objective to analyze how the suspect (person accused of a crime) is mentioned in press. This study is about mass communication, its content and sociability. Using many excerpts from the papers themselves, this study shows us how the language of a newspaper can produce a symbolic violence. Some newspaper editors and publishers experience the liberty of expression and freedom of press, but frequently they are not cautious enough when describing the information a question that can offend the human rights. Factors of the order of economical and social influence this practice. Editors treat the suspect like an author because this is a tradition in news about crime. The globalization has created more competition and newspaper needs to deliverer the news everyday faster than their rival. In particular, many editors ignore definitions of specific words and even create narratives to meet their needs they did not hesitate to accuse and to label the suspect / O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar como o suspeito (pessoa acusada de cometer crime) é mencionado na imprensa. Este estudo enfoca a comunicação de massa, seu conteúdo e sociabilidade. Usando trechos de reportagens dos próprios jornais, a análise de conteúdo nos mostra como a linguagem utilizada na comunicação de mídias pode transformar-se em violência simbólica. Em particular, dotados da liberdade de expressão, diversos editores ignoram a definição específica das palavras e criam narrativas de acordo com suas necessidades eles ferem direitos humanos e não hesitam em acusar e difamar o suspeito. Fatores de ordem econômica e social influenciam esta prática. Os editores tratam os suspeitos como autores porque isso já se tornou tradição nas notícias sobre crimes. A globalização tem criado mais competição e os jornais precisam entregar as notícias de forma mais ágil do que seus concorrentes

Je discute quelques activités récentes en deux parties indépendantes. La première partie décrit une technique de resommation particulière des séries perturbatives qui peut donner des résultats non-perturbatifs dans certains cas. On détaille quelques applications en théorie des champs et de la matière condensée. Dans la deuxième partie, on développe quelques activités récentes en phénoménologie du modèle supersymétrique standard minimal, concernant le calcul précis du spectre de masse des particules supersymétriques, le calcul de la densité relique de matière noire supersymétrique, et les contraintes théoriques et expérimentales actuelles qu'on peut en déduire sur certains modèles.

The purpose of this thesis is to create a deeper and also a better understanding about how each of the professional secrecy and obligation to report are perceived from auditors and further investigate how the potential conflicts based on independence and “can be suspect” are handled by the auditors. The purpose has been achieved through interviews with four different accounting firms. The interviews were conducted with Grant Thornton, BDO Mälardalen AB, PwC and KPMG to answer the research questions. Subsequently, a hermeneutic approach was used to since the interpretation of the interviews was considered as important to obtain knowledge of the respondent’s perception about the topic. In the analyze chapter have dataset from the reference framework and empirical part been used to implement the analyze of the thesis. The study shows that the professional secrecy is important for creating a good relationship with clients and is not considered as a rule that create conflicts for auditors. The obligation to report, however, is creating conflicts because of the lack of knowledge in assessment of economic crimes. The auditors therefore decide to investigate a situation that “can be suspect” beyond what is intended. To not become dependent on the clients, there are rules and profession practices that are used and also examples like not having friends or family members as clients. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa oss en djupare samt bättre förståelse om hur respektive av - samt anmälningsplikten uppfattas av revisorer och vidare undersöka hur eventuella konflikter med utgångspunkt för oberoende ställning samt vid ”kan misstänkas” situationer hanteras av revisorer. För att uppnå syftet, har intervjuer med fyra olika revisionsbyråer genomförts. Intervjuerna har genomförts med Grant Thornton, BDO Mälardalen AB, PwC samt KPMG genomförts för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna. Därefter har en hermeneutik synsätt använts då tolkning av intervjumaterialen ansågs viktig för att kunna få kunskap för respondenternas uppfattning kring ämnesvalet. I analysavsnittet har sedan datamaterial från referensramen samt empiridelen använts för att kunna genomföra en analys av uppsatsen. Denna studie visar tystnadsplikten är viktig för att kunna skapa en bra relation med klienterna och anses inte skapa konflikter för revisorer i någon stor bemärkning. Anmälningsplikten skapar dock problem på grund av bristen på kunskap inom bedömning av brott hos revisorer. Revisorerna väljer därför att utreda en situation vid brottsmisstanke längre än vad som avses. För att inte bli beroende av sina klienter finns regler och praxis inom yrket som används samt genom att till exempel inte ha vänner och bekanta som klienter menar respondenterna.

It is the first Lithuania's steps towards legal state and that is why it is particulary important for the criminal procedure law and legal practise to clear out what kind of suspect right's procedural safeguards are settled in Criminal Procedural Code of Lithuania Republic and how efective and fulfilling the minimal standards,reflecting European countries traditions, they are.According to the above mentioned information, the objective of this work is to find out optimal suspects fundamental rights procedural safeguards.

This study was conducted with the aim to research guidelines for uniformed members, detectives, and public witnesses, for use in testifying in court. The researcher reviewed relevant literature, both national and international, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the research problem. The researcher conducted the research on the basis of an empirical design, be-cause it involved going out into the field and ascertaining the personal experiences and knowledge of the participants. The explicit design was considered the most suitable for this research, because the researcher put everything in the open by checking the weak points and the strong points regarding testifying in court. This means that everything was made open, even police testimony. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)