ENGLISH SUMMARY This master thesis focuses on swan symbolism in Finnish poetry, from the oldest folk poems of oral tradition to the first decades of the 20th century. Firstly a swan is described from the zoological and etymological point of view, and its position in the contemporary Finnish culture is clarified. The next chapter is dedicated to swan symbolism in European culture, from antiquity till presence, and it focuses on mythology, folk traditions and the most common motives in visual art, music and literature. The key part of the thesis describes the swan symbolism in Finnish oral tradition and especially in poetry of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The thesis focuses in particular on Johan Ludvig Runeberg's, Aleksis Kivi's, Elias Lönnrot's, Juhani Aho's, Eino Leino's, Otto Manninen's and Aarni Kouta's poetry. A special chapter is devoted to the myth of the Swan of Tuonela. Following the swan symbolism throughout literature and culture history, I have been looking for connections to Finnish national as well as European traditions and intertextual relations.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Mar. 8, 2009). Thesis advisor: Craig Harper. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Idag äger många svenskar andelar i olika fonder. Detta beror delvis på att det allmänna pensionssystemet i Sverige idag består av en premiepensionsdel, där individen kan göra ett individuellt val hur dennes pensionspengar ska investeras. Gemensamt för investerare är att de vill erhålla en god avkastning. Ett vanligt sätt att bedöma förväntad avkastning i en finansiell tillgång kallas Capital Asset Pricing Model, eller CAPM. Detta är en mycket behandlad, debatterad och även kritiserad modell. Förutom CAPM utgår studien från en nyare teori som heter Black Swan theory. År 2007 presenterade Taleb sin teori om Black Swan. Han menar att en Black Swan är en händelse som avviker från det normala, har långtgående effekter och som efteråt får naturliga förklaringar. Ett potentiellt Swan-fenomen är finanskrisen. Om nu finanskrisen kan räknas som ett Swan-fenomen innebär det att den finansiella verkligheten har förändrats. Om nu den finansiella världen har påverkats så finns det anledning att tro att även modeller och deras överensstämmelse med verkligheten har påverkats. Det är detta vi i denna studie ämnar att undersöka och mynnar därför ut i frågeställningen: Var CAPM en fungerande modell gällande Sverigefonder åren 2005-2014? Studiens syfte lyder enligt följande: Att undersöka hur väl CAPM:s prediktion av förväntad avkastning i Sverigefonder stämmer överens med den faktiska avkastningen. Vi vill också genom undersökningen se ifall denna överensstämmelse har förändrats under vår undersökningsperiod och ifall detta i sådana fall kan kopplas till ett potentiellt Swan-fenomen som finanskrisen. Med teoretisk utgångspunkt i modern portföljvalsteori, CAPM och Black Swan theory undersöks sambandet mellan betavärde och avkastning i Sverigefonder. Vi utgår från en positivistisk kunskapssyn och genom en deduktiv ansats genomförs en regressionsanalys för att svara på vår frågeställning. Det empiriska materialet består av månadsavkastning från de valda fonderna, riskfri ränta och marknadsindexets avkastning. I vår studie hade vi endast ett år med signifikant positivt samband mellan beta och avkastning (som försvann i och med heteroskedasticitet i datamaterialet). Vi hade däremot ett år med negativt signifikans (2014) samtidigt som en positiv marknad, vilket inte överensstämmer med tidigare empiriska undersökningar. Vissa år ser det ut som att det finns samband genom att grafiskt titta på våra figurer i resultatdelen, men det är även år där det motsatta förhållandet finns. Med resultaten och analysen i åtanke kan vi inte förkasta nollhypotesen 2005-2013 (det finns inget samband mellan beta och avkastning).

Fundamento: medidas adjuvantes têm sido propostas para o tratamento de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, algumas não farmacológicas, como o uso do calor. Apesar dos resultados positivos para pacientes clinicamente estáveis, não existem trabalhos relacionados ao tratamento com calor na fase descompensada da insuficiência cardíaca em pacientes em uso de drogas vasoativas. Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos hemodinâmicos agudos do calor aplicado através da manta térmica em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada (ICD) refratária. Para isso foi estabelecido como desfechos o aumento do índice cardíaco e a redução da resistência vascular sistêmica no primeiro dia de seguimento. Como objetivo secundário, avaliar se sessões repetidas de calor por cinco dias consecutivos promoveria ou sustentaria os efeitos hemodinâmicos obtidos agudamente e, se reduziria os níveis de BNP ao longo do seguimento. Métodos: ensaio clínico randomizado aberto, prospectivo, com grupo controle em pacientes portadores de ICD. O estudo foi dividido em duas fases. Na primeira fase foram estudados pacientes em um único dia e foi avaliado o efeito agudo do calor antes e após a intervenção. Na segunda fase o calor foi avaliado através de sessões diárias por cinco dias consecutivos. Foi utilizada a manta térmica por radiação infravermelha para o aquecimento dos pacientes. As medidas hemodinâmicas foram avaliadas por método invasivo através do cateter de Swan-Ganz e de maneira não invasiva pelo método de modelflow. Os pacientes estavam em uso de inotrópico endovenoso contínuo, no perfil hemodinâmico C segundo a classificação clínico-hemodinâmica de Stevenson e foram considerados refratários após tentativa de retirada da droga vasoativa sem sucesso. A população do estudo foi dividida em 2 grupos: grupo T (termoterapia) e grupo C (controle). O grupo T foi submetido à vasodilatação térmica através da manta térmica na temperatura de 50°C por 40 minutos adicionalmente ao tratamento medicamentoso. Os pacientes do grupo C mantiveram o tratamento medicamentoso e a manta térmica foi posicionada da mesma maneira por 40 minutos, porém desligada. Análise estatística: as variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste exato de Fisher ou razão de verossimilhança. A normalidade foi avaliada com o teste de Komogorov-Smirnov. As variáveis quantitativas foram apresentadas por média e desvio padrão. As médias foram avaliadas com análise de variância para medidas repetidas (ANOVA). Quando significante, utilizou-se contrastes para discriminar as diferenças entre os momentos. As medidas avaliadas em um único momento foram comparadas com teste t-Student. Foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para a análise da correlação entre as medidas. Foram considerados estatisticamente significantes os valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: entre outubro de 2007 e abril de 2013, 165 pacientes foram avaliados para possível elegibilidade. Destes, 12 pacientes recusaram participar do estudo e 105 foram excluídos pelos critérios de exclusão. Foram incluídos 48 pacientes, entretanto, 10 pacientes foram excluídos prérandomização. Foram avaliados inicialmente 8 pacientes que foram submetidos a sessões de calor para segurança e validação do método e 30 pacientes foram randomizados até o término do estudo. No total, 38 pacientes foram estudados. Não houve diferença nas características basais entre os grupos estudados. Na primeira fase foram avaliados 38 pacientes, pré e pós-intervenção. A vasodilatação térmica foi capaz de aumentar o índice cardíaco em 24,1% e de reduzir a resistência vascular sistêmica em 16%. Na segunda fase os pacientes foram seguidos por 5 dias consecutivos conforme randomização e apresentaram melhora hemodinâmica significativa somente nos primeiros dois dias. O maior aumento do índice cardíaco foi de 23,3% e a maior redução da resistência vascular sistêmica foi de 19,3% no grupo tratado com calor. A partir do terceiro dia não houve mais benefício da termoterapia. Da mesma forma, não verificamos diferença entre os níveis de BNP dosados entre o primeiro e quinto dias de seguimento entre os grupos. Conclusões: o calor como vasodilatador foi capaz de aumentar o índice cardíaco e diminuir a resistência vascular sistêmica nos primeiros dias de tratamento na ICD. Entretanto, não houve benefício adicional em sessões repetidas por cinco dias consecutivos ou melhora dos níveis de BNP. Os dados sugerem que a termoterapia pode vir a representar uma abordagem terapêutica adjuvante para o tratamento dos pacientes com ICD. No entanto, um ensaio clínico randomizado com número maior de pacientes é necessário para explorar sua potencial efetividade clínica / Background: adjuvant measures have been proposed for the treatment of heart failure patients, some non-pharmacological, such as the use of heat. Despite the positive results for clinically stable patients, there are no studies related to use thermal therapy in patients with decompensated heart failure (DHF) and in use of vasoactive drugs. Objectives: To evaluate the acute hemodynamic effects of heat applied through the thermal blanket in patients with refractory decompensated heart failure. It was established as outcomes the increase of cardiac index and decrease of systemic vascular resistance on the first day of follow-up. Secondary objective was to evaluate whether repeated sessions of heat for five consecutive days would promote or sustain the hemodynamic effects obtained acutely, and if it would reduce BNP levels during the follow-up. Methods: open label randomized clinical trial, with control group, in patients with DHF. The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, patients were studied in a single day and the acute effects of heat were evaluated before and after intervention. In the second phase, the effects of heat were evaluated by daily sessions for five consecutive days. An infrared thermal blanket was used to heating the patients. Hemodynamic measurements were assessed through invasive Swan-Ganz catheter and noninvasively by the method of modelflow. The patients were receiving continuous intravenous inotropic therapy and were classified in the profile C according to Stevenson´s clinical and hemodynamic classification and were considered refractory after failure in the attempted of withdraw the vasoactive drugs. The study population was divided into 2 groups: group T (thermal therapy) and group C (control). Group T was submitted to vasodilation through the thermal blanket at 50 °C for 40 minutes in addition to drug treatment. Patients in group C maintained the drug treatment and the thermal blanket was positioned in the same way for 40 minutes, but turned off. Statistical analysis: The variables were analyzed by Fisher\'s exact test or likelihood ratio. Normality was assessed with Komogorov-Smirnov test. Quantitative variables were presented as mean and standard deviation. Means were evaluated using analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA). When significant, contrasts were used to discriminate the differences between times. Measurements evaluated at a single time were compared with Student\'s t test. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze the correlation between the measurements. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Between October 2007 and April 2013, 165 patients were evaluated for possible eligibility. Of these, 12 patients refused to participate in the study and 105 were excluded by the exclusion criteria. There were included 48 patients, however, 10 patients were excluded in the pre-randomization. Eight patients were initially evaluated and were submitted to heart sessions for security and validation of the method and 30 patients were randomized until the end of the study. In total, 38 patients were studied. There were no differences in the baseline characteristics between the study groups. In the first phase, 38 patients were analyzed pre and post-intervention. The thermal vasodilation was able to increase the cardiac index by 24.1% and to reduce the systemic vascular resistance by 16%. In the second phase, patients were followed up for 5 consecutive days according to randomization and showed significant hemodynamic improvement only in the first two days. The largest increase in cardiac index was 23.3 % and the greatest reduction in systemic vascular resistance was 19.3 % in the group treated with heat. From the third day there was no benefit of thermal therapy. Likewise, there was no difference in the levels of BNP measured in the first and fifth day of follow-up between groups. Conclusions: heat as a vasodilator was able to increase the cardiac index and lower the systemic vascular resistance in the first days of treatment in the DHF. However, there was no additional benefit in repeated sessions for five consecutive days or improvement in the BNP levels. The data suggest that thermal therapy may come to represent a therapeutic approach for the adjuvant treatment of patients with DHF. Nonetheless, a randomized clinical trial with a larger number of patients is needed to explore its potential clinical effectiveness

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doenças falciformes (DF) e outras anemias hemolíticas têm prevalência aumentada de hipertensão pulmonar (HP), sendo este diagnóstico associado com maior mortalidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a prevalência desta complicação, suas características clínicas e laboratoriais e determinar o padrão hemodinâmico ao cateterismo de artéria pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo transversal 80 pacientes consecutivos com anemia falciforme e Sb0 talassemia foram submetidos à ecocardiografia por um único observador. Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente, para verificar a presença de complicações associadas à DF, realizaram um teste de caminhada e realizaram exames hematológicos e bioquímicos referentes a parâmetros de hemólise, inflamação, função hepática e renal. Foi indicada avaliação hemodinâmica, com cateterismo de artéria pulmonar (Swan-Ganz), para os pacientes com velocidade de fluxo retrógrado pela tricúspide (VRT) ³2,5m/s, detectada ao ecocardiograma. A HP foi caracterizada por pressão média da artéria pulmonar ³ 25 mmHg. Os pacientes com HP foram comparados, com relação aos mesmos parâmetros prévios, ao restante da população estudada. RESULTADOS: 40% dos pacientes (32/80) apresentaram VRT³2,5m/s, sendo indicado avaliação hemodinâmica. O grupo com VRT³2,5m/s apresentou maior média etária, maior prevalência de úlceras de perna, de proteinúria e de hepatite C, menores valores de hemoglobina e de albumina, maiores valores de uréia, de creatinina, de ácido úrico, de desidrogenase lática, de aspartato aminotransferase e de gglutamiltranspeptidase do que os do grupo VRT<2,5m/s. O grupo VRT³2,5m/s apresentou também menor distância percorrida no teste de caminhada e saturação de oxigênio mais baixa tanto em repouso quanto após a caminhada. Ao ecocardiograma, este grupo apresentou maior volume atrial direito e esquerdo. 78% dos pacientes (25/32) com indicação de cateterismo se submeteram ao procedimento e em 8 deles foi confirmada HP. Dos 8 pacientes com diagnóstico de HP, 3 apresentaram hipertensão pré-capilar e os demais apresentaram hipertensão capilar (pressão de oclusão da artéria pulmonar acima de 15 mmHg). A VRT medida pelo ecocardiograma apresentou boa correlação com a medida de pressão sistólica de artéria pulmonar aferida no cateterismo (r=0,77). Os pacientes com HP confirmada apresentaram média etária maior, menores concentrações de hemoglobina e de contagem plaquetária e maiores valores de desidrogenase lática, uréia, creatinina, ácido úrico, gglutamiltranspeptidase e ferro do que o grupo sem HP. Os indivíduos com HP tiveram pior desempenho no teste de caminhada do que o grupo sem HP. Pacientes com HP apresentaram dilatação de átrio direito e esquerdo e índice cardíaco mais elevado do que o grupo sem HP. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com DF têm prevalência aumentada de HP detectada pelo ecocardiograma e confirmada pelo cateterismo pulmonar. O ecocardiograma é um bom instrumento de triagem. As populações separadas de acordo com o nível de VRT ao ecocardiograma apresentam diferenças clínicas e laboratoriais, sugerindo maior taxa de hemólise nas com VRT³2,5m/s. Estas diferenças se mantêm, na maior parte das situações, quando o diagnóstico de HP é confirmado. Indivíduos com diagnóstico de HP podem ter padrões hemodinâmicos de hipertensão capilar ou pré-capilar, denotando diferentes etiologias que podem implicar em diferentes abordagens terapêuticas. / INTRODUCTION: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and other haemolytic anaemia have increased prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) that is related to higher mortality. The aim of this stdy was to determine the prevalence of PH and, its clinical, laboratorial and hemodynamic features. METHODS: In a crosssectional study, we evaluated 80 consecutive patients with sickle cell anemia and Sb0thalassemia who were submitted to a Doppler echocardioghraphy performed by a single observer. Clinical and laboratorial data were collected for all patients in order to verify the presence of SCD complications and to evaluate haemolysis rate, inflammation, liver and renal function. All patients performed a six-minute walk test. Patients who had peak velocity of regurgitant flow of tricuspid (Vrft) of at least 2.5 m/s were referred to pulmonary artery catheterization (Swan-Ganz). PH was defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure ³ 25 mmHg. Clinical, laboratorial and hemodynamic data of patients with confirmed PH were compared to those data of patients without PH. RESULTS: Forty percent of patients (32/80) had Vrft ³ 2.5m/s and hemodynamic evaluation was recommended. The group of patients with Vrft³2.5 m/s had higher average age, higher prevalence of leg ulcers, proteinuria and hepatitis C, lower values of hemoglobin and albumin, higher values of urea, creatinine, uric acid, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and gglutamyltranspeptidase than the group with Vrft<2.5 m.s. The group with Vrft³2.5 m/s had poorer performance on the walk test and had lowest oxygen saturation at rest and post-exercise. On echocardiography, this group had greater right and left atrial volume. Only 78% of patients (25/32) underwent pulmonary artery catheterization and, in 8 patients PH was confirmed. Among the patients with PH, 3 had pre-capillary hypertension and 5 had post-capillary hypertension (pulmonary artery occlusion pressure above 15 mmHg). The Vrft measured by echocardiogram showed good correlation with the value of systolic pulmonary artery pressure, measured on Swan-Ganz(r=0,77). The patients with confirmed PH had higher mean age, lower levels of haemoglobin and platelet count and higher values of lactic dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine, uric acid, iron and gglutamyltranspeptidase than the group without PH. Individuals with PH had poorer performance on walk test than the group without PH. Patients with PH showed increased right and left atrium volume and higher cardiac index than the group without PH. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SCD had increased prevalence of PH detected by Doppler echocardiography and confirmed by pulmonary catheterization. The echocardiogram was a good tool for screening. Patients who had Vrft ³ 2.5m/s exhibited clinical and laboratorial data consistent with a higher hemolysis rate than those with Vrft<2.5 m/s. Individuals diagnosed with PH may have post-capillary or pre-capillary hypertension, suggesting the existence of several etiologies and the need for different therapeutic approaches.

Dans certains cas, la colonisation des zones humides par les espèces animales et végétales peut être une menace majeure pour la biodiversité. Il est donc primordial de mieux connaître l'écologie des espèces colonisatrices pour définir leurs relations avec le reste de l'écosystème. Nous avons étudié les conséquences de la colonisation relativement récente des étangs piscicoles français par le cygne tuberculé (Cygnus olor). Nous nous sommes intéressés à l'expression de cette colonisation dans l'espace par l'étude des processus de sélection de l'habitat. Nos résultats montrent que dans un paysage d'étangs, la répartition des cygnes tuberculés dépend à la fois de la configuration spatiale des étangs (aire isolement), des ressources disponibles et du statut de reproduction des cygnes tuberculés. Nous avons ensuite étudié les interactions entre le cygne tuberculé et les communautés animales et végétales des étangs. Sur les sites de cantonnement des couples, nous n'avons pas montré d'effet de la présence des cygnes tuberculés sur l'abondance des oiseaux d'eau, et aucune forme d'exclusion spatiale à l'échelle de l'étang. En revanche, les cygnes tuberculés peuvent générer une déplétion significative des herbiers de macrophytes aquatiques, suggérant des effets en cascade sur les autres communautés des étangs piscicoles. Comme toute perturbation générée par une espèce colonisatrice, celle associée à l'arrivée des cygnes doit néanmoins être replacée dans le contexte plus large des régimes de perturbations à l'oeuvre sur l'écosystème, ce qui importe particulièrement dans le cas d'écosystèmes aussi dépendants de l'activité humaine que les étangs piscicoles. / In some cases, wetland colonization by animals and plants may be a major threat to biodiversity. It is therefore crucial to better understand the ecology of colonizing species to assess their relationships with the other elements of ecosystems. We studied the consequences of the relatively recent colonization of French fishponds by mute swan (Cygnus olor). We especially considered how such colonization now translates into space, through the analysis of habitat selection processes. Our results show that swan distribution within a fishpond landscape depends on fishpond spatial configuration (area isolation), available resources as well as mute swan breeding status. We then analysed the relationships between mute swan and fishpond animal and plant communities. Where swan pair settle, we do not demonstrate any effect of swan presence on the abundance of other waterbirds, nor any spatial exclusion within fishponds. Conversely, mute swans can signif icantly deplete aquatic macrophyte beds, suggesting cascade effects on other fishpond communities are possible. Like any perturbation caused by a colonizing species, that associated with swan arrival however has to be considered in the broader context of perturbation regimes onto the ecosystem. This is especially crucial in ecosystems like fishponds, that are so much dependent upon human activity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:12:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreia Vieira Abdelnur Camargo.pdf: 4760462 bytes, checksum: 3cb25edf081d6df309216e7c88131735 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis discusses the role of cultural journalism in the reactivation of the Pró-Posição dance group. From the tensions between cultural journalism and body (here suggested as a mediator and an agent of culture), both of them seen as bodymedia (KATZ & GREINER, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005), we suggest the hypothesis of the memory in the dance as a cartography of media maps generating continuity between past and present. The Pró-Posição activities began in 1973 and lasted until 1983; in the 90s some occasional appearances took place until its full resurgence in 2008. Although the reactivation of the group can be seen as a recuperation, the hypothesis here suggests a speech of continuity (LOTMAN, 1996). Since its reactivation, the group has been using the reference of swan -- an animal image associated with dance and considered the most spectral memory used in cultural journalism and publicity. The process of communication as a result of the combination of these media is based on the notion of navigation charts (HUTCHINS, 1996), in which the culture, the body and the cognition are seen as mediators interconnected. This consideration reinforces the hypothesis of memory as a mapping, in other words, the junction of several maps that communicate with each other in the great sphere of culture. The corpus of this research was organized in three dossiers: the first refers to several reports of Pró-Posição group in cultural journalism (regional and national); the second results from the compilation of materials concerned to the group in other media forms in order to propose a reflection about them and about its visibility in the media; and the third deals with publications and other references discussing the construction of the metaphor of swan in the dance domain. In the theoretical aspect of the research, the Bodymedia Theory (KATZ & GREINER) mediates the dialogues in cultural studies of journalism (PIZA, 2003; COELHO, 2006), the tensions between media and culture (PRADO, 2006; HUTCHINS, 1996; LOTMAN, 1996) and the relationships between historiography and memory (HARTOG, 2011; TAYLOR, 2003) / Esta tese versa sobre o papel do jornalismo cultural na reativação do grupo paulista de dança Pró-Posição. A partir das tensões entre duas mídias principais, jornalismo cultural e corpo (aqui proposto como mediador e agente da cultura), ambas entendidas como corposmídia em relação (KATZ & GREINER, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005), defendemos a hipótese de que a memória da dança é uma cartografia de mapas midiáticos capazes de gerar continuidade entre passado e presente, fora da leitura causal e linear de uma historiografia positivista. O Grupo Pró-Posição surgiu em 1973, atuou até 1983, realizou algumas aparições pontuais na década de 1990 e, em 2008, foi relançado. Este relançamento poderia ser lido por um discurso de recuperação, mas a hipótese complementar aqui proposta é a de que deva ser lido por um discurso de continuidade (LOTMAN, 1996). Desde seu projeto de reativação, que se iniciou em 2007, suas obras vêm realizando uma comunicação apoiada na figura do cisne , a mais midiática das imagens associadas à dança, transformado em uma memória espectral pela sua difusão no jornalismo cultural e na publicidade nas mais distintas mídias. O processo de comunicação que se estabelece a partir da conjugação dessas mídias é aqui trabalhado a partir da noção de carta (mapa) de navegação (HUTCHINS, 1996), em que cultura, corpo e cognição são dados como mediadores conectados entre si. Nesse viés, reforça-se a hipótese de que a memória é uma cartografia, ou seja, a junção de vários mapas que se comunicam na grande esfera da cultura. O corpus desta pesquisa foi organizado através de três dossiês: o primeiro reuniu o que foi publicado sobre o Grupo Pró-Posição no jornalismo cultural (regional e nacional); o segundo compilou os outros materiais existentes sobre o grupo em diversas formas midiáticas, propondo uma reflexão sobre os modos de registro e sua visibilidade nas mídias; e o terceiro reuniu publicações e outros registros que discutem e apresentam a construção da metáfora do cisne no ambiente da dança. No quadro teórico da pesquisa, a Teoria Corpomídia (KATZ e GREINER) media o diálogo entre os estudos sobre jornalismo cultural (PIZA, 2003; COELHO, 2006), os que investigam as tensões entre mídias e cultura (PRADO, 2006; HUTCHINS, 1996; LOTMAN, 1996) e aqueles que conflitam as relações entre historiografia e memória (HARTOG, 2011; TAYLOR, 2003)

When a writer, usually a woman, uses fairy tales as a veil through which to narrate a story of her life, I call this practice asymptotic autobiography. In mathematics, the asymptote is a straight line that a curve approaches increasingly closely, but never actually touches. I define “asymptotic autobiography” as a term for discussing any personal narrative that deliberately employs fiction in order to tell truth. In this inquiry, I examine the use of fairy tale language in giving voice to women writers’ autobiographical representations, using Zelda Fitzgerald’s novel and letters as the focus for my analysis. My research and critical analysis will examine how Save Me the Waltz, which Zelda Fitzgerald wrote while she was a psychiatric patient in the Phipps Clinic, uses fairy tales to provide a mapping of the many performances that autobiographical selfhood entails. By experimenting with open-ended fairy tale conventions instead of being limited by clinical truths, and by contextualizing her personal history in the realm of the imaginary, Fitzgerald removes her story from the psychiatric ward and places it safely in legend. The first three chapters of this dissertation show how, in sequence, the autobiographical self becomes free through the use of fairy tales in three stages: once the autobiographer has worked to separate herself from being bound by illness or clinical reality (Chapter One), she is free to make the decision of which self or selves she wishes to narrate and perform (Chapter Two); only once she has established her sense of self can the autobiographer then locate her plot, her map, and her narrative (Chapter Three). In Chapter Four, I offer an example of asymptotic autobiography in the form of a one-person play script that I wrote and performed about Zelda Fitzgerald’s life and hospitalization, using as a frame the fairy tale “The Swan Maiden.” This hybrid essay-performance combines the play script itself with personal writing of my own in which I describe the difficulties I had approaching and performing the rich material of Zelda’s life. / text

This practicum examined Indigenous planning as the theoretical framework and foundation of this project. Literature reviews on First Nations on-reserve housing conditions were examined to understand the struggles Indigenous communities face when it comes to housing. Based on the literature reviews, it was determined that housing has been an issue in many First Nation communities, perpetuating a demand for planning to explore remedies to minimize or eradicate this social concern. From understanding Indigenous planning practices, the practicum explored the Indigenous community of Swan Lake First Nation (SLFN) and the housing challenges they experience. Through planning with SLFN community members to determine methods that would address the housing challenges, the development of a community housing plan was suggested. The process and development of SLFN community housing plan was documented in this practicum.

В работе рассматривается анималистический мир Николая Гумилева. Это связано с его личными качествами, влиянием теории Сверхчеловека, веяниями эпохи (с дегуманизацией, антропоморфизмом и др.). На конкретных примерах («Орел», «Жираф», «Охота») зоонимов, сравнений показано пристрастие Гумилева экзотическим миром животных. Особое внимание уделено птицам, в частности, лебедю. Во второй главе магистерской работы рассматриваются «лебединые циклы» К. Бальмонта и С. Есенина. Показан генезис, символика образа, лексика, особенности лирического сюжета. В выводах сопоставлен гумилевский анималистический мир с есенинским. / Magistro darbe analizuojamas animalistinis pasaulis Nikolajaus Gumiliovo poezijoje. Tai susiję su juo asmeninėmis savybėmis, Uebermench teorijos poveikiu, epochos kryptimis (degumanizacija, antropomorfizmas ir t.t.). Pateikiant konkrečius zoonimų ir palyginimų pavyzdžius („Erelis“, „Žirafas“, „Medžioklė“) parodyta Gumiliovo aistra egzotiniui gyvūnų pasauliui. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas paukščiams, ypač gulbei. Antroje magistro darbo dalyje analizuojami „gulbės ciklai“ K. Belmonto ir S. Jesenino poezijoje. Parodytas genezis, įvaizdžio simbolika, žodynas, lyrinio siužeto ypatybės. Išvadose palygintas Jesenino ir Gumiliovo animalistinis pasaulis. / The work reviews the analyses of animalistic motives in Gumilevs poetry. It is conserned with his personal qualities, influence of the Uebermench theory, age tendency (dehumanization, anthropomorphism and other). Gumilev‘s passion for word of exotic animals is demonstrated in particular examples („Giraffe“, „Eagle“, „Hunting“) of zoonyms, comparisons. Birds, especially swan is given a special attention. Balmond‘s and Jesenin‘s „swan cycles“ are analysed in the second chapter of master‘s work. A genesis, symbolic meaning of the aspect, vocabulary, quality of the lyrical plot are shown. Gumilev‘s and Jesenin‘s animalistic word are compared in the conclusion of master‘s work.