Title: “The letters jump”- to struggle with decoding and still understand what you are reading.Author: Maria EkUniversity of UmeåDepartment of EducationSupervisor: Asbjörg WestumExaminer: Fredrik KarlssonKeywords: Poor readers, Structured text talks, Reading strategies, Reading comprehension, Commitment and Motivation.During the past decades, Swedish studies show that reading comprehension and skills in reading strategies have decreased. In secondary school for individuals with learning disabilities there has been a focus on care-taking rather than on comprehension in general, and on reading comprehension in particular.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Reciprocal Teaching would increase reading comprehension and motivation among upper secondary school for individuals with learning disabilities. The study presents how three 17-year-old pupils and their teacher, discussed expository fact texts during twelve lessons using the reciprocal method combined with power point-presentations to get the students to read more actively with interferences and reflections. The ambition was to make the structured text talks as interesting as possible with texts easy to read, technical aids, structure to make the students feel security when reading and to get committed pupils with an increased interest in reading.The results show an increase in motivation in reading, and the students were more prone to take an active part in discussions.

眾所矚目的第一次「辜汪會談」在辜振甫與汪道涵握手、坐上談判桌、簽署協議後落幕，兩岸從此進入一個充滿變數的「談判時代」。無論台灣兩千萬人如何看待這次的辜汪會談，也無論各界對這次會談的定位呈現多大的認知差距，兩岸關係從對抗、隔絕到走向談判桌，已是種必然的發展。如此的時代意義，正是從事本文研究的基本動機。 　　面對兩岸談判時代的來臨，能否從第一次「辜汪會談」雙方的談判行為中尋出脈絡，作為兩岸日後談判的範例，是本文所欲深入研究之處。而文中除了對兩岸的談判行為作客觀的分析外，亦關心該會談對台灣所造成的衝擊與影響。藉由辜汪會談獲得啟示，使我方政府在面對中共這麼一個實力強大、戰略目標明確且戰術手段靈活的談判對手時，能夠步步紮實、開拓勝機，正是本文研究期許達到之目的。本論文分為五章，十四節，共計十萬餘字。第一章為導論，選寫本論文之研究動機、目的、方法、途徑、範圍與架構。第二章則將一般的談判概念及中共的談判理念作一歸納說明，並概述兩岸事務性談判。第三章說明第一次辜汪會談前兩岸關係的發展及會談的完整經過。第四章則分析台灣與中共雙方在會談中的談判行為，並以第二章所提之談判概念加以檢視。第五章結論，探討第一次辜汪會談對現階段兩岸關係及國際關係呈現的意義，並對會談作一綜合評析，以期台灣能自此次會談獲得啟示，為日後談判開拓勝機。

<p>Author: Nilsson Linda</p><p>Title: Appraisal talk- new ideals and new forms</p><p>The purpose of this study was to examine the concept of the appraisal talk. More specifically its aim was to find out more about the function and the meaning of the appraisal talk, for the organization, managers and co-workers point of view, and if there was any specific method applied. Two of the central questions were: How did the managers and co-workers describe the function and the meaning of appraisal talks? Were there any differences or similarities of the respondent’s point of view, depended of their position in the organization? The method of analysis was qualitative with a critical reflective approach. The study was based on interviews with three managers and four co-workers, in the public service of elderly care in Kalmar municipality. A central finding of the study is that the implementation of the appraisal talk is a tool for the organization to make effectiveness, but also to create a meaningful atmosphere. It seems to depending on the respondent’s position in the organisation. The managers use a solution focused work method in the appraisal talk.</p>

Author: Nilsson Linda Title: Appraisal talk- new ideals and new forms The purpose of this study was to examine the concept of the appraisal talk. More specifically its aim was to find out more about the function and the meaning of the appraisal talk, for the organization, managers and co-workers point of view, and if there was any specific method applied. Two of the central questions were: How did the managers and co-workers describe the function and the meaning of appraisal talks? Were there any differences or similarities of the respondent’s point of view, depended of their position in the organization? The method of analysis was qualitative with a critical reflective approach. The study was based on interviews with three managers and four co-workers, in the public service of elderly care in Kalmar municipality. A central finding of the study is that the implementation of the appraisal talk is a tool for the organization to make effectiveness, but also to create a meaningful atmosphere. It seems to depending on the respondent’s position in the organisation. The managers use a solution focused work method in the appraisal talk.

This research project studies the military exchanges between the United States and People's Republic of China. US-PRC relations have experienced uneven developments over the last decadeas the two major powers have grappled with the evolving post-Cold War international security Environment as well as shifting domestic agendas and foreign policy priorities. While the October 2002 Crawford summit between Presidents Bush and Jiang, and the resumption of the Defense Consultation Talks in December 2002 offer the prospect for restoring bilateral military exchanges. For a more stable bilateral military relationship to develop and be sustained, longer-term strategies must be formulated that emphasize engagement, exchanges, and better understanding of each other's common interests, priorities, and policy options. Among the key features of this relationship are high-level exchange visits of defense ministers and military leaders; confidence-building measures, including the Military Maritime Consultative Agreement, annual Defense Consultation Talks, and port visits; and regular contacts at the functional level between the two countries' national defense universities and military academies. The EP-3 incident raised the importance of China in the Bush Administration's immediate policy agenda. The resolution of the incident has pointed to the need for dialogue. The 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks provided additional impetuses for rebuilding the bilateral relationship, including efforts to restore military-to-military exchanges.

No description available.

要設計一場具影響力的公眾演說，演講者不能忽略演講情境的存在；要了解演講者如何進行演講設計，就須從其面臨之情境著手。過往以公眾演講為研究主題的文獻與坊間書籍，多聚焦於演講者如何運用演說技巧，或分析知名演講者進行演講時所使用的特定規則及方法，雖可窺探演講者如何進行演說設計，但對於情境的存在鮮少論及，亦無法真正擷取演講者為何如此規畫的原由。再者，演講之中的情境來自於四面八方，發掘演講者如何篩選及妥適運用情境，才是對於想要培養及建立公眾演講技巧者的最佳學習途徑。因此，本研究與六名TEDxTaipei演講者進行深度訪談，從演講者觀點出發，分析演講者感知哪些情境、並如何因應情境設計演講內容。 / To design a powerful public speech, a speaker cannot neglect the existence of speech contexts. To understand how a speaker designs his/her speech, we should first look at the context that the speaker faces. The majority of the literature reviews and books tend to focus on the public speaking skills of the speaker or analyze specific rules or methods adopted by famous speakers. Although this offers a glimpse into how speakers design their speeches, it seldom discusses the existence of speech contexts, nor is it able to pinpoint the reasons why a speaker takes a certain approach. Furthermore, since speech contexts vary in different places, guiding speakers how to select and make use of contexts is the best teaching approach. Therefore, this study conducted in-depth interviews with six speakers from TEDxTaipei in order to analyze what context they are aware of and how they design their speeches based on such context.

Bakgrund: Tusentals kvinnor och flickor mördas årligen på grund av heder internationellt och det är oftast av manliga släktingar för att återta hedern för familjen. Socialstyrelsen beskriver hedersrelaterat våld en kränkning av de mänskliga rättigheterna. Elevhälsoteamet på skolan har ett ansvar att identifiera barn som far illa eller som är i riskzon. Hederskultur bland flickor i grundskolan kan utmärka sig på olika sätt, det kan uppstå situationer där flickor inte får deltaga i olika aktiviteter i skolan på grund av att de blivit tillsagda av sina föräldrar att de inte får, simundervisning är vanligt förekommande exempel. Skolsköterskan har en betydelsefull roll i att via hälsosamtalet kunna identifiera flickor som lever i en hederskultur och ge stöttning och vägledning. Syfte: var att beskriva skolsköterskans erfarenheter av att möta flickor i grundskolan som lever i en hederskultur. Metod: Studien är en empirisk studie utifrån en kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes där totalt sex stycken deltagare intervjuades. Datainsamlingen analyserades utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att hälsosamtalet är ett viktigt verktyg för att kunna identifiera flickor som lever i en hederskultur. Att ge stöttning till flickorna i skolan som lever i en hederskultur är viktigt och kunde innebära tjejgrupper, där flickorna fick möjlighet att diskutera om normer och värderingar kopplat till hederskultur. Samarbete med hela elevhälsoteamet, lärare och socialtjänst framkom vara viktigt och ett måste för att kunna arbeta hälsofrämjande. Slutsats: För att kunna hjälpa flickor i grundskolan som lever i en hederskultur krävs det att samtliga professioner i skolan erhåller utbildning inom ämnet. Med ett fungerade samarbete kan flickorna tidigt identifieras och erbjudas stöttning och vägledning. Författarna anser att vidare forskning behöver tillämpas inom området. / Background: Thousands of women and girls are murdered every year because of honor, it is often by male relatives to regain the honor of family. The National Board of Health and Welfare describes honor-related violence violations of human rights. The student health team at the school has a responsibility to identify children who are doing badly or who are at risk. Honor culture among girls in primary school can be distinguished in different ways, there may be situations where girls are not allowed to participate in different activities in school due to being told by their parents that they are not allowed, swimming lessons are common examples. The school nurse has an important role in being able to identify girls who live in an honor culture through the health conversation and provide support and guidance. Aim: The aim was to describe the school nurse's experiences of meeting girls in primary school who live in an honor culture. Method: The study was an empirical study based on and qualitative design with an inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted where a total of six participants were interviewed. The data collection was analyzed on the basis of a qualitative content analysis. Results: The results showed that the health conversation is an important tool for being able to identify girls who live in a culture of honor. Giving support to the girls in the school who live in an honor culture is important and could involve girl groups,where the girls had the opportunity to discuss norms and values linked to honor culture. Cooperation with the entire student health team, teachers and social services emerged to be important and a must in order to be able to work to promote health. Conclusion: In order to be able to help girls in elementary school who live in an honor culture, it is required that all professions in the school receive education on the subject. By a working collaboration, the girls can be identified early and offered support and guidance. The authors believe that further research needs to be applied in this area.

ble agreement did not exist due to the involved parties' irreconcilable positions. Two hypoth- eses addressing factors that are exogenous to the negotiations such as the parties' underlying negotiators' pursuits within the Six

Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur förskollärare resonerar kring högläsning och boksamtal i förskolan samt deras tankar kring läsmiljöns uppbyggnad för att den ska bli språkligt utvecklande. I denna kvalitativa studie har fem förskollärare intervjuats och tre förskolors läsmiljöer har observerats för att samla in data till studien. Det insamlade datamaterialet har transkriberats och kategoriserats för att sedan analyseras utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Vår studie visar att förskollärare förstår vikten av användandet av högläsning och boksamtal för barns språkutveckling, men att de stora barngrupperna ofta gör att språkutvecklingens syfte försvinner. Förskollärarna hävdar också att högläsningen borde prioriteras mer i verksamheten vilket vi genom denna studie vill fortsätta att inspirera till. / The purpose of this study was to examine what preschool teachers think about reading out loud for children, having book conversations in preschool and their thoughts on the structure of the reading environment in order for it to be linguistically developing. In this qualitative study, five preschool teachers have been interviewed and three preschool reading environments have been observed to collect data for the study. The collected data have been transcribed and categorized and then analysed from a sociocultural perspective. In our study, we have found that preschool teachers understand the importance of reading out loud to children as well as book conversations for children's language development, but with large groups of children the purpose of language development often gets lost. Preschool teachers also argue that reading should be given more priority in the preschool, through our study we want to continue to inspire this.