Die Grenzregionen rund um die Zentren Bratislava und Wien gehören zu den am schnellsten wachsenden Regionen in Europa - insbesondere die High-Tech-Industrie betreffend (www.contor-analyse.de). Ein Erfolgsfaktor für kommerziell erfolgreiche High-Tech (Start Up) Unternehmen ist die frühzeitige Identifikation von Nutzeranforderungen und Verkaufsargumenten bei Innovationen. Interdisziplinäre Teams, die technisch und kaufmännisch ausgebildete Arbeitskräfte beinhalten, stellen die Basis für unternehmerische Innovations-Erfolgsgeschichten dar. Im August 2011 ist ein Team aus Forschern der Technischen Universität Wien, der Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, der Wirtschaftsuniversität Bratislava und des Inkubators INITS angetreten, High-Tech Unternehmen bei deren Markteintritt zu unterstützen und die universitäre Ausbildung von Interessierten an Innovationen im B2B High-Tech-Bereich zu adaptieren. Das Projekt Grenzüberschreitendes HiTECH Center wurde gestartet (Projektlaufzeit 08/2011 bis 12/2013, Förderprogramm ETC, creating the future: Programm zur grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit SLOWAKEI - ÖSTERREICH 2007-2013, www.hitechcentrum.eu). Zielsetzung war die Entwicklung einer Methodik für einen erfolgreichen Markteintritt in B2 B High-Tech-Märkten. Das Projekt wurde mit sieben Arbeitspaketen konzipiert. Arbeitspaket sechs betrifft eine Publikation der wichtigsten Lernergebnisse. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt dieses Ergebnis dar und wurde erst durch eine Projektverlängerung bis November 2014 ermöglicht. Die Vorarbeiten zum Projekt und die erste Analysephase innerhalb der Projektlaufzeit zeigen eine Lücke an Forschungsergebnissen zum Thema "Marketing Testbed" und von vergleichbaren interdisziplinären Lehrveranstaltungen an österreichischen Universitäten. Existierende Marketing- und Innovationslehrgänge beschäftigen sich in überwiegender Zahl mit B2C Themen und sind nicht interdisziplinär. Trotz der geografischen Nähe der beiden Länder Österreich und Slowakei ist die zu geringe Transparenz der Märkte - und der damit verbundenen Chancen - derzeit eine Barriere für eine schnellere Entwicklung dieser grenzüberschreitenden Region. Weiters besteht über die Grenzen hinaus ein Mangel an interdisziplinär ausgebildetem Personal, das Marketingaufgaben der High-Tech-Anbieter effizient bearbeiten kann. Dem Projektteam stellten sich daher unter anderem folgende Fragen: Mit welcher Methodik können High-Tech Start Up Unternehmen in frühen Innovationsphasen unterstützt werden, um einen erfolgreichen Markteintritt zu schaffen? Wie stark beeinflusst die Thematik "Multidisziplinäre Kommunikation" den Prozess vom Innovationsimpuls zum Markteintritt? Wie können die Anforderungen der innovierenden High-Tech Firmen in die Universitätslehre integriert werden? Wie können interdisziplinäre Lehrformate - auch grenzüberschreitend - umgesetzt werden? Das Projektteam konnte im Rahmen der Projektlaufz eit ein erstes Regelwerk für Marketing Testbeds entwickeln und dieses Wissen bereits in wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten und ersten Implementierungen anwenden. Insgesamt wurden am Institut für Marketing Management in Wien acht Arbeiten von Studierenden fertiggestellt (davon zwei Dissertationen). An der WU Bratislava wurden 17 studentische Arbeiten abgeschlossen und sechs interdisziplinäre Projekte umgesetzt. Es fand ein intensive Wissensaustausch mit drei Synergieprojekten (INNOVMAT, DUO STARS, SMARTNET) statt und die Zwischenergebnisse des HiTECH Centrum Projekts waren die Basis für ein weiteres europäisches Projekt (Projekt REALITY, Programm ERASMUS MUNDUS). Das Hauptergebnis des Projekts liegt in der Bestätigung der Wichtigkeit der multidisziplinären Kommunikation in allen Bereichen vom Innovationsimpuls zum Markteintritt. Für eine nachhaltige Wirkung der Projektergebnisse wird die Gründung eines HiTECH Center Vereins sorgen, der sich mit den angestoßenen Forschungsthemen beschäftigt und High-Tech Start Ups in deren frühen Markteintrittsphasen unterstützt. (authors' abstract)

Abstract Copyright is seen everywhere in the society. It is structured to accommodate several perspectives, namely, a balance between protecting the individual copyright owners’ rights and encouraging the creativity on both an individual and societal level. The copyright owner cannot be granted a redundant protection at the expense of the other interests. For this reason, a copy of someone else’s copyright protected work can be done as long as the copying is for private use. Copying is for this reason something that the copyright owner must endure, but in some cases the right to copy for private use has to be constrained. A potential future problem will be at the point when a private person can 3D print in their own home.     The rapid development regarding 3D printing makes the technology more developed and, in addition, an increased influence over the society. As for the fashion industry, the technology comes with advantages, but also some disadvantages. In some years, the 3D printer has been able to print jewelry, watches and shoes. Lately, the technology also can print fashion products with material such as leather and textiles. If the technology continues to develop like today there is a chance, or a risk, with private persons having access to 3D printers at a “printing house” or in their own home, similar to a traditional paper printer today. The possibilities with printing what ever a person want to print will be a threat against manufacturing companies and their retailers. The person can thus avoid purchasing the product on the market by producing his own by making a copy of someone else’s copyright protected work with a disclaimer that the copy is for private use. The technological development will materialize challenges that the legislator has to consider and respond to, especially on the copyright area. The day when a copy can be made as cheap and as fast as purchasing the product on the market, the principal rule regarding private copying must be limited. Otherwise, the manufacturing companies and their retailers will be threatened and there is a risk that they will be outcompeted. The conclusion can be drawn, that an extended private copying levy in combination with a protection through technical action and a requisite of a reasonable use in art. 5 Infosoc-directive and 12 § URL, can solve the problem with 3D-printers and copying for private use. Whether the problems with 3D printing and copyright will become a reality, or not, depends on the future development of the technology. / Sammanfattning Upphovsrätter återfinns överallt i samhället. Dess syfte är att skydda upphovsmannens ensamrätt, liksom att balansera intressen som att främja kreativiteten och åsiktsbildningen, samhällsintresset och konsumentintresset. Kopiering av ett upphovsrättsligt skyddat verk får upphovsmannen utstå dagligen. Förutsatt att kopian är avsedd för privat brukande är kopieringen tillåten. Anledningen till detta undantag är att lagstiftaren anser att ensamrätten inte får vara för stark. Problematiken beträffande privat kopiering kommer att aktualiseras den dag när 3D-skrivartekniken är så pass utvecklad att privatpersoner har en ”minifabrik” i sitt hem. Den dagen när detta inträffar kommer privatpersoner inte att behöva gå till affären för att inhandla en specifik produkt, utan kan istället tillverka den hemma med hjälp av en CAD-fil och en 3D-skrivare, ett förfarande som kan komma att bli förfärande för företagen och samhället som helhet. Den teknologiska utvecklingen beträffande 3D-skrivare går snabbt framåt och med tiden får skrivaren ett större inflytande i samhället. I samband med utvecklingen har skrivarens kapacitet ökat samtidigt som priset sjunker. I dagsläget är emellertid en avancerad 3D-skrivare dyr vilket medför att det är ovanligt för privatpersoner att ha tillgång till en sådan i sitt hem.   För modebranschen har 3D-skrivarens utveckling inneburit en hel del fördelar, men med tekniken kommer även nackdelar. 3D-skrivaren har under en längre tid kunnat framställa modeprodukter såsom smycken, klockor och skor. Utvecklingen har på senaste tiden gjort det möjligt att även framställa modeprodukter av exempelvis läder, textil och skinn. Förutsatt att tekniken fortsätter utvecklas i den snabba takt som sker i dagsläget finns det en chans eller en risk att gemene man kommer att ha tillgång till en 3D-skrivare via ett ”printing house” eller till och med att gemene man har tillgång till en egen 3D-skrivare i sitt hem, precis som de allra flesta har tillgång till en traditionell pappersskrivare idag. Möjligheten att kunna skriva ut den produkt som önskas kommer att hota tillverkningsföretag och dess återförsäljare. Utvecklingen kommer att aktualisera utmaningar som lagstiftaren måste beakta och bemöta, särskilt på det upphovsrättsliga området. En potentiell lösning på dessa utmaningar är ett utvidgat kassettersättningssystem för att på så sätt säkerställa att upphovsmannen får ersättning för sin skada, i kombination med ett skydd för tekniska åtgärder och ett nytt rekvisit om skälig användning i art. 5 Infosoc-direktivet och 12 § URL. Om problemen med 3D-skrivartekniken och upphovsrätten kommer att bli realiserade i framtiden beror på hur utvecklingen kommer att se ut, något som återstår att se.

Technology Narrowband IoT is a representative LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) tech-nology that due to its promising features aims for demands of the Internet of Thingsapplications for autonomous data sending from sensors in areas of poor mobile coverage.For such applications, it is beneficial to firstly map properties of communication technol-ogy in areas of intended use and evaluate whether or not is this technology applicable.This Master thesis deals with the design of the hand-held measuring device for evaluationof Narrowband IoT properties. The output of this thesis is firstly comparison of LPWAtechnologies secondly, design of the mentioned device and verification of its functional-ity. And in last part description of measurement of transmission delay for delay-tolerantapplications. Transmission delay is a critical parameter for delay-tolerant applications.Such an application can be, for example, smart electrometers for which there is definedmaximal allowed transmission delay of 10 seconds and therefore it is desirable to evalu-ate whether or not is the deployment of the communication technology Narrowband IoTsuitable in the intended area for delay-tolerant or even for delay-intolerant applications.

High-quality simulation of hydraulic mechanism saves the time and other costs associated with the changes of inappropriately designed circuit. The aim of this thesis is to revitalize the test rig intended for simulating hydraulic circuits in order to verify the results of the simulation program Hyvos used internally by Bosch Rexroth Company. It is expected that the simulation of the hydraulic machinery cycles under the influence of disturbances will be carry out on the test rig and measured data are compared with results of the virtual models which are designed using the mentioned software Hyvos. The work deals with the so called position and pressure control which represent the classical modes of pressing machines or hydraulic press brakes operation cycles. The parameters of the hydraulic closed-loop axis controller for electrohydraulic drives (HACD) are set using the software Bodac.

This thesis aims to better understand the process of the funding of young innovative<p>ventures, and how a deeper understanding of this process can help public policy to better<p>stimulate entrepreneurial firms—especially in high-technology industries. I interpret<p>entrepreneurial finance broadly to mean financing issues facing young innovative<p>ventures. It includes three essays which deal with a set of economic, institutional, and<p>public policy issues to examine entrepreneurial finance. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Venture Capitals and early stage companies are of fundamental importance for how the market operates and develops. In the last decade more focus has been put on the ESG strategies and governance of organizations. However, ESG is a relatively new and complex research area in which ignorance and measurement problems have led to inconsistency in applications of ESG concepts and strategies. Based on empirical data consisting of qualitative document analysis and interviews with Swedish Venture Capitals this thesis aims, from theoretical perspectives within decision-making and ESG strategies, to investigate which ESG strategies are used among Swedish Venture Capitals investing in tech, and how these are applied in, are weighted and impact the decision-making process. The result shows that the decision making process can be assumed to be based on bounded rationality tinged by fragmented application of ESG concepts and strategies in which diversity and CO2 impact are prioritized focus areas. The common perception was also that investing in tech created a natural aligning to ESG. Active Ownership, Positive- and Negative screening are the central strategies that were applied with the aim to develop and manage the lack of information and the risks that follows with early stage investing. / Venture Capitals och early stage bolag är av fundamental betydelse för hur marknaden fungerar och utvecklas och under det senaste årtiondet har större fokus riktats mot organisationers ESG strategier och styrning. ESG är dock ett relativt nytt och komplext forskningsområde där okunskap och mätningsproblematik har lett till att begrepp och strategier tillämpas inkonsekvent. Utifrån empiri baserad på kvalitativ dokumentanalys och intervjuer från svenska Venture Capitals avser denna studie, utifrån teoretiska perspektiv inom beslutsfattande och ESG strategi, att undersöka vilka ESG strategier som används bland svenska Venture Capitals och hur de tillämpas, viktas och påverkar beslutsfattandet vid investeringar i tech. Resultatet visade att beslutsprocessen kan antas baseras på begränsad rationalitet präglad av fragmenterad tillämpning av ESG begrepp och strategier där jämställdhet och CO2 påverkan var prioriterade fokusområden. Den gemensamma bilden var även att investering i tech skapade en naturlig förankring till ESG. Active ownership, Positive- och Negative screening var de centrala strategierna som tillämpades i syfte att utveckla och hantera den informationsbrist och de risker som medföljde early stage investering.

Competition and data protection law are two powerful regimes simultaneously shaping the use of digital information, which has given rise to new interactions between these areas of law. While most views on this intersection emphasize that competition and data protection law must work together, nascent developments indicate that these legal regimes may sometimes conflict.  In the first place, firms faced with antitrust allegations are to an increasing extent invoking the need to protect the privacy of their users to justify their impugned conduct. Here, the conduct could either be prohibited by competition law despite of data protection or justified under competition law because of data protection. In the EU, no such justification attempt has reached court-stage, and it remains unclear how an enforcer ought to deal with such a claim. In the second place, competition law can mandate a firm to provide access to commercially valuable personal data to its rivals under a competition law remedy. Where that is the case, the question arising in this connection is whether an enforcer can and should design the remedy in a way that aligns with data protection law. If so, the issue remains of how that ought to be done. The task of the thesis has been to explore these issues, legally, economically, and coherently.  The thesis has rendered four main conclusions. First, data protection has a justified role in EU competition law in two ways. On the one hand, enhanced data protection can increase the quality of a service and may thus be factored in the competitive analysis as a dimension of quality. On the other, data protection as a human right must be guaranteed in the application of competition law. Second, these perspectives can be squared with the criteria for justifying competition breaches, in that data protection can be invoked to exculpate a firm from antitrust allegations. Third, in that context, the human rights dimension of data protection may entail that the enforcer must consider data protection even if it is not invoked. However, allowing data protection interests to override competition law in this manner is relatively inefficient as it may lead to less innovation, higher costs, and lower revenues. Fourth, the profound importance of data protection in the EU necessarily means that enforcers should accommodate data protection interests in designing competition law remedies which mandate access to personal data. This may be done in several ways, including requirements to anonymize data before providing access, or to oblige the firm to be compliant with data protection law in the process of providing access. The analysis largely confirms that anonymization is the preferable option.

Though an increasingly more common occurrence, digital mobile applications are not typically particularly accessible for people with visual impairment. This study investigates the difficulties and consequences faced by developers and visually impaired users when implementing and using accessibility features as well as highlighting the principal considerations when doing so. The thesis employs the two complementary theoretical frameworks Universal Design Theory (UDT) and Critical Disability Theory (CDT) to both capture the functional and social dimensions of accessibility within digital mobile applications. The thesis highlights a knowledge gap among developers and companies, which over time can lead to an accruement of accessibility tech debt and poor design choices. The significance of education and prioritization cannot be overstated, no matter the managerial level. When developing inclusive mobile applications that cater to a wide range of users, it is essential to reframe accessibility features as an investment rather than a cost. A deeper comprehension of the social structures that contribute to disabled people being excluded from the use of digital applications can be achieved in part by incorporating Critical Disability Theory into decision-making processes. This thesis illustrates how drawing inspiration from both UDT and CDT while prioritizing accessibility throughout whole companies can make it possible to create truly inclusive mobile applications.

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