有鑑於我國長期以來皆為技術引入國，為強調自主創新，產學合作受到了相當程度的重視，而生技製藥產業的價值鏈長、高風險、高研發成本、高知識內涵等特性，使得產學合作成為生技製藥產業中相當重要的機制。又由於上述的產業特性，使得生技製藥公司在產品上市前，所有的研發投入，皆以「無形資產」的形式，儲存在階段性的開發成果之中，因此，智慧財產的保護與管理，對生技製藥公司而言，確實有很高的重要性，智慧財產若經過妥善的經營與管理，能有效成為企業的競爭優勢來源。 本研究即以生技製藥產業之產學合作為前提，針對智財管理與企業策略因子，以產業方的觀點，探討「產學合作－智財管理－企業營運模式」三者之間的關連性，並從智財管理的四大內涵－「創造、保護、管理、運用」作為分析之構面，釐清重要議題與關鍵因素，以作為日後雙方架構合作與管理模式之依據，達到知己知彼，互信合作，創造雙贏的綜效。 本研究以個案訪談方式，訪談台灣微脂體、台灣東洋、世基生醫三間國內生技製藥公司，並根據訪談結果之分析與彙總比較，得到研究發現並提出建議如下： 1. 生技智財策略與其營運模式有關，受到獲利方式影響而採取不同的智財策略。 2. 生技產學合作成果，「權利歸屬」之模式多元化，與該成果距離商品化之成功率有關；此外，「先專利、後發表」的慣例已普遍採用，無保密與公開之衝突。 3. 智財專責部門的設立與人數配置，應隨企業的成長而增置，人才網羅應以生技背景之跨領域專業人才為主，且需經過商管課程之訓練，方能對產業發展與競爭脈動有所掌握。 4. 產學合作成果運用，與企業核心能力與互補性資產掌控度有關，國內廠商而言，「對外授權」仍然必要；運用訴訟的方式與否，與「智財策略」有關聯，並受成本因素之影響。 5. 產業方應主動積極參與產學合作，由於學界缺乏商品化之經驗，技轉辦公室現階段亦無法充份發揮功能，因此，由產業方積極參與產學合作，能以產業方敏銳的商業嗅覺協助學界補捉具有潛力的研究，發揮引導之功能，使前瞻研究能進入應用階段，而實際造福人群，同時帶動產業的活絡發展。 / Regarding that Taiwan is always in the position of “technology transfer licensee”, to emphasize the goal of innovation, academic-industrial collaboration has becoming an important issue. Especially with regards to the features of bio-pharmaceutical value chain, such as compartmentalization, high risk, high return, highly knowledge-based, the investment input is thus transformed into the form of “intangible assets”before the product actually launched. Therefore, the protection and management of intellectual property is critical to bio-pharmaceutical companies. If IP is properly managed and utilized, it could become a source of competitive advantage. This thesis is based on the study of bio-pharmaceutical academic-industrial collaborations, from an industrial perspective, focusing on IP management and strategy. Four components of IP management－development, protection, management, and exploitation, is set as major constructs of this thesis. The primary goal of this study is to find important issues and key factors toward a successful collaboration. This thesis studied three bio-pharmaceutical companies, Taiwan Liposome Company, TTY Biopharm, and Pharmigene. According to results of interviews and analytical comparison, this thesis concludes some findings and suggestions as follow: 1. The IP strategy of a bio-pharmaceutical company is related to its business model. Different profitable models should apply different IP strategies. 2. The way which academia and industry allocate the IP right and interest is diversed, according to the risk and commercialization successful rate of the collaboration. Also, “patent goes first, publication goes after”is a common route. Therefore there is no collision between secrecy and openness. 3. The establishment and expansion of in-house IP department should go in accordance with the growing of company. It is necessary for an accountable one to be bio-tech educated and further received MBA training, in order to be competent to business competition and strategic planning. 4. The exploitation of collaboration is in relation to company’s core competence and complementary assets. For Taiwan bio-pharm companies, the“licensing out”model is necessary. With regards to litigation, the attitude toward litigation is related to its IP strategy and cost of litigation. 5. The industrial part in such collaboration should take an active attitude, because the academic part lacks commercialization experience. It would be helpful for industry to guide and help capturing valuable study in academia, therefore makes radical innovation an usful one.

如果你是一名技術創業家，你會選擇在台灣創業，抑或直接到美國創業？如果台灣要成為技術創業家的「天堂」，這座天堂會是長成什麼模樣？若以美國創業環境作為現今台灣「打造創業天堂」的學習典範，台灣應如何「布置」這一座創業天堂？ 知識經濟時代，以知識、技術為基礎而進行之創業活動勢必與智慧財產權密切相關，因此本研究即藉由對於與智慧財產作價投資有關的幾項重要議題，包括智慧財產作價投資之概念、智慧財產作價投資與國內投資、智慧財產作價投資與國際投資、我國研發能量之釋放與科技基本法、智慧財產作價投資之會計處理、智慧財產作價投資之租稅問題、智慧財產作價投資之契約與章程等，進行研究及探討，最後針對美國Google公司之技術創業進行個案研究。內容相當廣泛，涉及法律、投資、會計、租稅、契約、評價、智慧財產、技術移轉等面向，並於探討上述議題後，對於台灣現狀提出如下之政策配套及法令修改建議，期許營造台灣成為一座鼓勵創新及創業活動的技術創業天堂： 一、 公司法應允許投資人得以「勞務」出資，建議放寬公司法第156條第5項對於出資種類之限制，並輔以「勞務作價股份銷除制度」作為配套。 二、 公司法應允許得銷除特定股份，而非一體性地等比例銷除，建議修改公司法第168條，賦予公司得以章程規定就特定股份為銷除之權限。。 三、 智慧財產評價之進行，應嚴守於「評價當時」智慧財產權所具有的價值，詳細區分「智慧財產/技術」與「勞務」之不同，而非將經勞務提供後所帶來的經濟價值一併計算在內。 四、 公司法應允許包括「發起設立時」、「募集設立時」，及「發行新股時」等，均得以智慧財產作價投資，建議對於公司法第131條、第156條及第272條之適用要件，予以一致化。 五、 技術並非法律上所規範之權利客體，建議將公司法第156條第5項所稱「技術」修改為「智慧財產」。 六、 對於擁有龐大智慧財產的公立學校及政府機關，應為其尋思解套方法。建議立法規定公立學校及行政機關得另成立一法人組織或基金會，將其所擁有之智慧財產權全部移轉至該智權控股機構或基金會中，由該組織或基金會來運用該些智慧財產權。 七、 現行政府之對外投資政策及法令仍處於管制經濟之思維，建議應加快我國對外投資自由化之腳步。 八、 科技基本法將智財權下放予執行單位，而行政院及各主管機關又訂定辦法對於執行單位之各項智權運用活動課以程序上之繁瑣要求，包括公開、公正之程序，境外實施需事前經主管機關許可等等，此些限制實已造成「智財之不完全下放」現象，嚴重阻礙以智慧財產作價投資建構技術創業天堂之實現。 九、 關於專利權及專門技術之攤折問題，建議應委請公正單位評估該技術之有效生命週期，同時提出該專利權及專門技術之「可能享有年限」，以作為會計上攤折之依據，並顧及企業營運上財務報表資訊之如實揭露。 十、 針對課稅時點之問題，由於作價投資所取得之股票，乃是「財產形式之轉變」，投資人實際上並未獲取所得，必須等到賣出股票時才有所得產生，故建議應於「股票轉讓時」始進行所得稅課徵。 十一、 技術創業要成功，重點是技術移轉要成功，因此，技術移轉之內容及方法便需於契約中詳加規範。 十二、 美國矽谷地區，創業人擁有創新與創業精神，並持續進行技術研發；學校提供創業所需資源、人脈予新創公司及創業人；而創投公司及天使投資人的資金挹注及管理要求與導入，更是新創公司成功的重要因素。此外，整體的外在大環境，包括冒險精神、會計制度、公司制度、租稅制度、法令制度及專業服務機構等等，都是營造創業天堂所不可或缺的要素。 / If you are a technology entrepreneur, will you start your business in Taiwan or in the U.S.? What is the Paradise for technology entrepreneurs if Taiwan chooses to become one? What should Taiwan provide in the environment if Taiwan takes the U.S. as a model of Entrepreneurship Paradise? In the era of knowledge-based economy, any start-up based on knowledge and technology will be closely related to issues of intellectual property. The thesis will focus on several important issues about investment with contribution of intellectual property as equity, such as its concept, domestic and international investment with contribution of intellectual property as equity, industrialization and commercialization of R&D results in Taiwan and the Science and Technology Basic Law, accounting procedures and taxation issues, contracts and regulations of investment with contribution of intellectual property as equity. The thesis will also illustrate with the case study of Google. The discussion tries to elaborate the issue from various aspects, including law, investment, accounting, taxation, contracts, technology evaluation, intellectual property and technology transfer. The thesis concludes with the following suggestions for governmental policy and law on the issues discussed, to build a paradise, friendly to innovation and start-ups, for technology entrepreneurs in Taiwan. 1. Labor should be recognized as an investment in Company Act. The limitation of investment category of Article 156 (5) should be expanded and be complemented with an elimination system of labor equity. 2. Elimination of specific shares, instead of elimination by ratio, should be allowed in Company Act. The thesis also proposes to amend Company Act Article 168 to authorize the enterprise to eliminate specific shares. 3. The evaluation of intellectual property should faithfully reflect its value for the time being. It should also distinguish the difference between the value of intellectual property/ technology and of labor, instead of a compound evaluation of both. 4. The investment with contribution of intellectual property as equity should be allowed when a company is established by means of promotion and by means of offer as well as when it issues new stocks. The applicable conditions of Company Act Article 131, 156, and 272 should be unified. 5. The term “technology” should be changed into “intellectual property” in Company Act Article 156 (5), given that “technology” is not an object of right defined by law. 6. There should be more channels for public universities and governmental institutions for the release of intellectual property. The government or legislators should enable public universities and governmental institutions to establish an institution or foundation and to transfer/ license their intellectual property to the institution for better use. 7. The government should abandon economic controlling measure through policy and regulation about overseas investment and speed up the liberation. 8. Science and Technology Basic Law authorize intellectual property rights to the executives. However, the Executive Yuan and other authorities set up orders and regulations on procedures about the application of intellectual property, including “public and fair procedure,” “overseas execution permission,” and so on. Those orders and regulations violate the spirits of Science and Technology Basic Law and prevent Taiwan from the Paradise for entrepreneurs. 9. Life cycle of patent and know-how should be evaluated by impartial organizations. The prediction of possible effective year of said patent and know-how should be taken for depreciation and amortization in accounting and be publicized as financial information of a company. 10. The investment with contribution of intellectual property should be taxed when stocks are transferred because such investments are transformation of asset types and the investors do not obtain actual income until the stocks are sold. 11. The success of a technology start-up depends on the success of technology transfer. Hence, the content and method of technology transfer should be defined in detail in the contract. 12. The entrepreneurs in the Silicon Valley in the U.S. possess the spirits of innovation and entrepreneurship and keeps on technology research and development. The universities provide resources and personnel network for start-ups and entrepreneurs. Financing, introduction and demand of effective management from Venture Capitals and Angel Funds are the key factors for the success of start-up companies. Besides, the environment, including venture spirits, accounting and taxation system, company structures, law and regulation, and professional institutions, are indispensible for the establishment of the Paradise for entrepreneurs.

2001年美國遭受921恐怖攻擊，國際貿易由著重自由化、便捷化轉而強調貿易安全，高科技貨品進出口行政管制係悠關國際貿易及供應鏈安全，益受各國關注，世界主要國家更透過國際合作強化出口管制，如世界海關組織（WCO）所倡議之「全球貿易安全與便捷之標準架構」（Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade，SAFE）即為顯例。 全球化趨勢下，我國高科技貨品進出口行政管制不再是國內事務，須配合相關國際管制組織之規範實施相關管制作業，善盡地球村一份子之責任，才可避免受到國際制裁或抵制，影響我國貿易利益。 再者，處後現代時期，新保守主義興起，政府管理新思潮（如新公共管理、新治理）風起雲湧之際，各國進行政府再造工程，建構「小而能」之政府，惟國家任務雜，人民對政府之需求不斷增加，政府人力及預算有限情況下，「公協協力」、「合作國家」理念所倡導，引進私部門資源協助執行行政任務，乃成必須之選擇。本論文爰以行政法學之「合作國家」理念，析論我國高科技貨品進出口行政管制法制並提出評論與建言。 / After 921 in 2001, international trade had shifted its importance to trade security from emphasizing on trade facility. The export control of high-technology commodities involving security of global trade and supply chain, has been worldwidely raised concerns. Many countries have strengthened cooperation on export control of high-tech commodities through relevant international arrangements, for instance, “Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate global trade” initiated by the World Customs Organization. In globalization paradox, the export control of high-tech commodities is not only subjected to the national rule, but shall be also to comply with the relevant international regulations. Otherwise, it would be boycotted by other nations and cause damage to its trade benefits. Moreover, with neo-conservatism and emerging movement in public administration, which called “New Public Management” or “New Governance”, Governments have seek to reform in order to better meet citizens’ needs by limitation of manpower and budget. Consequently, the concept and resolutions of “Public Private Partnership” or “Cooperative State” in public administration and public law become the best option to response above mentioned conditions. In conclusion, this study attempted to analyze the legal framework of Taiwan export control of high-tech commodities with the concept of Cooperative State and tried to make suggestions and submit feasible resolutions for export control institution.

Women represent 45% of the entire workforce in the United States, but only comprise 26% of the high-tech industry. Early introduction and interest in video games, contributes to computer literacy and self-confidence in terms of computing skills. Socially pervasive gender stereotypes, found in ubiquitous software, specifically games, factor in the alienation of young girls from active participation in computing. Currently marketed gaming software perpetuate this societal bias in the guise of overly-sexualized game avatars, and fail to adequately address documented female gaming preferences. Gender inclusive design is more a pragmatic approach to ameliorating gender bias, than creating a pink box “girl’s game.” Such games cater solely to stereotypical “female” interests, and are uncomfortably close to the concept of “separate but equal.” In the scope of this research a gender inclusive computer role playing game (CRPG) interface was designed and evaluated. The advantage of a CRPG is that it may be played individually or single player mode, as in the prototypic interface, or allow collaborative game play within a smaller group (2-12) when migrated to a multiplayer online environment. Small groups, involved in CRPG collaborative play, may reduce the incidence of online harassment or intimidation by male players, often encountered by experienced female gamers when engaged in Massively Online Multiplayer games. The Xanthia: A Fae’s Battle CRPG, was designed with the intent of studying key female preferences outlined in this research. The design utilized a stylized “cute” but strong female protagonist, featured a compelling storyline, and a backstory narrative. The game broached real world environmental issues with an underpinning of moral dilemma in the guise of good versus evil. Competitive but not combat-centric play was utilized in the game design, which enabled leveling up without the demise of the central protagonist. Fantasy-themed conflict resulted in transformations of both protagonist and antagonists when a change of state occurred during battle, thus eliminating the violence of gory death scenarios. This formative study endeavored to examine the underlying reasons for female underrepresentation in the high-tech and computing fields. The CRPG used in the study, incorporated key gender inclusive game elements found in current literature, in order to acquire insight into female gaming preferences. Two survey instruments were utilized to gather data from 35 female Barry University students, who had disparate gaming experience, comfort with computers, and academic majors. A pre-game questionnaire pertained to motivations for play, level of gaming expertise, and self-perceived comfort with computing. Additional data were gathered regarding access in early childhood to a gaming console or computer in the participants’ childhood homes and the incidence of tinkering. The female sample pool provided CRPG feedback post-game engagement. Examination of survey responses indicated that identification with the central female protagonist was a key element in positive game engagement for the majority of the study’s participants. In general, experienced gamers were more apt to tinker with the hidden features of the game. Experienced gamers also enjoyed competiveness and challenge more than their inexperienced or non-gamer counterparts. The primary component of positive engagement for this female sample group was “fun.” Social interaction was a key motivator for engagement in video game play for the majority of the participants. Empirical data collected from survey instrumentation suggested that individuals who had the easiest access to video game consoles and computing equipment, participated at greater rate in tinkering in childhood. The participants who tinkered, had a higher self-perception of comfort with computing.

台灣模具產業具有交期短、品質好、價格具有競爭力、製程安排彈性大等優勢，因此在高科技產業供應鍊中扮演關鍵性的角色。唯近年來，台灣許多高科技產業的外移，造成模具業產值最近連續三年呈現下降與核心技術外流，成為模具業所面臨的嚴重考驗。如何留住核心技術人才，加強研發新的關鍵技術並將研發成果取得智慧財產權相關法律保護，並以必要的組織、制度、人才、措施等妥善加以管理，已經成為模具業以及關連高科技產業必須面對的重要課題之一。 本研究以策略管理的角度切入，探討由策略前提所形成之策略，與智慧財產權管理實際運作下，對「台灣模具業及其關連高科技產業的智慧財產權管理發展現況及當前問題」提出適當建議與解決之道。 研究對象為台灣五家經營績效良好之模具業者及關連高科技業者。模具業者包含金屬沖壓、塑膠射出成型、與壓鑄模具業者；關連高科技業者則包含連接器、筆記型電腦、與行動電話業者。其中三家模具業者尚未擁有專利保護，而兩家關連高科技業者之專利保護已有相當成效。本研究主要發現如下： 一、不同的企業規模，對改善技術能力作法有其差異： （一）共同研發新技術：中小企業傾向與國內研發機構共同研發，並取得新技術之全部或部份智慧財產權或取得授權使用新技術；大型企業則傾向自行研發為主。 （二）自國外引進新技術：中小企業傾向委託財團法人或智財科技服務公司從技術先進國家引進技術；大型企業則傾向自行引進技術為主。 （三）向技術相對落後國家移轉技術方面： 1.中小企業傾向透過財團法人或智財科技服務公司之協助移轉技術，對於較單純之案件可自行為之。 2.大型企業可自行為之或採上述方法，委託專業之單位或公司為之。 3.台灣企業對大陸投資之子公司，大部分並未針對技術移轉收取權利金，僅由子公司之獲利盈餘分配取得回饋，尤以持股比例較大者最為普遍。 二、國內模具業及關連高科技產業智慧財產權管理現況為： （一）制定「營業秘密管理辦法」，規範各業務或利害關係人之營業秘密保護要項： 1.影響製造精度之技術 2.訪客參訪流程與動線 3.與供應商相關之營業秘密 4.顧客之營業秘密 5.矯正預防措施單 （二）制訂「專門技術管理辦法」，加強專門技術保護 1.規範「提案改善制度」 2.培養技術專家 3.掌握專門技術人力資源，塑造： （1）尊重專業 （2）對等報酬 （3）生涯規劃等制度完善之企業文化。 （三）專利管理制度： 1.建立提案與獎勵制度： 對創新提案、申請專利、專利核准、與達成技術移轉等階段均核發獎金，以鼓勵員工技術創新。 2.專利維護： 對專利佈局同時重質與量之提升，專利權之維護，則以成本效益為主要考量，以具市場價值者為優先申請與維護對象。 （四）技術授權考量有二： 1.視技術生命週期採行不同之授權策略，如導入與成長期採技術引進、成熟期採交互授權、衰退期技術則對外移轉。 2.以對子公司持股比例，調整技術移轉之權利金分配，持股較高則以盈餘分配取代權利金，持股較低則傾向依市場機制收取權利金。 由本研究之策略意涵得知，個案公司目前所採行之策略，均能適當地反映出其目前所處環境。如鴻海精密以綿密之專利佈局保護其技術，鉅祥、竣盟、谷崧則實施營業秘密與專門技術管理，神達機構則是專利保護與營業秘密管理兼具。 由此可知，模具業及關連高科技產業之智慧財產權管理作法具有多種不同之形式，專利保護並非模具業與關連高科技產業智慧財產權管理之唯一解答。尤其對中小企業而言，注重營業秘密與專門技術保護，塑造良好的企業文化、工作環境，設計合理對等報酬、制度完備的人力資源管理措施，亦不失為智慧財產權管理的良好解決方案之一。 目前大型之關連高科技企業非常重視智慧財產權，並已發展出一套以專利保護為主軸的管理制度。展望未來，模具業與關連高科技產業之連動性將逐漸加深，模具業者今後亦必須加快建立智慧財產權管理制度之腳步。 / Taiwan's mold & die industry plays a very important role of the supply chain for the high-tech industry around the world due to its advantages of short delivery time, good quality, competitive price and production flexibility, etc. However, in recent years, the continuing migration of the high-tech industry is resulting in production decreases and movement of core technology out of Taiwan. How should we keep the core technology, human and financial resources left in Taiwan; what can be done to strengthen research and development (R & D) on new and core technology; how can the core technology be protected by patents managed by a sever system. This is a matter of great urgency and an important issue that Taiwan’s mold & die industry and its related high-tech industry are facing. In view of the above, this study offers Taiwan's mold & die industry and its related high-tech industry some suggestions and solutions for the problems that they faced, based on their current Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) management development situation. This study was researched from the strategy management view and included five (5) outstanding mold & die manufacturers and their related high-tech companies in Taiwan. These mold & die manufacturers are in the metal stamping die, plastic injection mold and die casting mold industries; these high-tech companies are in the connectors, notebook computer and cellular phone (telecommunication) industries. Three of the companies, the mold & die manufacturers, do not hold any patents, while the other two high-tech companies are well protected by their patents. The main finding of this research is as follows: 1.The strategy of technical improvement for companies of various sizes is different: 1) R & D for new technology- Small and medium companies prefer to cooperate with other local R & D institutes in developing, researching, and obtaining full or partial intellectual property rights protection; or obtaining the rights to use the new technology (invention). On the other hand, large companies tend to do the R & D in-house. 2) Technology transfer from overseas– Small and medium companies prefer to transfer the technology from high-tech orientated countries through local R&D institutes or an IPR service provider. However, large companies prefer to transfer the new technology by themselves. 3) Technology transfer to developing countries– (1) Small and medium companies tend to transfer the technology to developing countries through local R&D institutes or IPR service provider except in the case of simple projects. (2) Large companies tend to transfer their technology out by themselves or through a professional agency. 2.The IPR management situation of Taiwan’s mold & die industry and its related high-tech industries– 1) Establish “Trade Secret Management Regulations” to prevent the following trade secrets from being disclosed: (1) Technology that will influence the accuracy of machining. (1)-1 On site know-how – Limiting the visitors touring sensitive areas. (1)-2 Trade secrets of suppliers. (1)-3 Trade secrets of customers. (1)-4 Corrective action reports. 2) Establish “ Know-how Management Regulations” to: (1) Regulate “Proposal improvement systems” (2) Train and develop technical specialists (3) Retaining knowledgeable human resources by (3)-1 Professional appreciation (respect) (3)-2 Equal award (return) (3)-3 Good and complete system, employees’ career planning and enterprise culture. 3) IPR management system: (1) Establish a proposal and reward system: Encourage employees’ technology inventions by rewarding them for their proposals, applications, and completion of technical transfer for IPR. (2) Patent protection: Consider not only the number of patents, but also the quality of patents. 4) Technology transfer policy Different policy for different technique life cycle. From this research, we realized that companies apply different strategies in response to their recent situation. For example, “Hong Hai” is applying the practice of IPR management in protecting his technology; G-Shank, Giant Union and Coxon are applying the practice of trade secret and know-how management; MiTac is applying the practice of both IPR management and trade secret management. From the above, we also realize that patent protection is not the only solution for IPR management in the mold & die industry and it’s related high-tech industries. Trade secret management and know-how protection, a good corporate culture, good business and human resource management, an improved working environment, reasonable and rewarding work are also the major solutions for IPR management. For the time being, large high-tech companies highly respect IPR and have developed a good management system, especially for patent protection. Therefore, due to the close relationship between the mold & die industry and high-tech industries, speeding up the development of IPR management becomes an urgent issue for the mold & die industry.

中文摘要 育成中心扮演孵育新創事業企業的功能，其成立宗旨不僅希望協助新事業創業成功，更希望透過這樣的中介組織將學研機構的研究能量轉移至新創事業，促進技術創新與技術商品化，鼓勵擁有技術的研發人員勇敢出來創業。 本研究將技術新創事業的過程分成期初階段（進駐初期）與期末階段（進駐一年以上且已開發出prototype）。從其間的各項創業條件能力的增加與重要性來探討育成中心對技術創業的加值。採用個案深度訪談的方式來蒐集主要資料。訪談六家進駐廠商與二個育成中心經理人，共八個個案。依據創業團隊類型（獨立創業型、母公司支援型）為主軸進行個案分析，主要研究發現與結論有： 1. 由母公司結合外來技術轉投資之新創事業通常有較佳的團隊成員結構與事業網路 2. 不同創業團隊類型技術新創事業創業期初共同待加值創業條件為研發人才需求、儀器設備、政府研發經費補助、產學研合作管道 3. 獨立創業型新創事業期初個別待加值創業條件為公司形象、財務管理、行政庶務/法規 4. 不同創業團隊類型之期末(市場發展階段)新創事業共同待加值創業條件包括組織管理、財務支援、行銷能力、建立第二代產品與技術 5. 整體新創事業創業條件加值幅度以"技術"和"創業團隊"較顯著；獨立創業型創業條件加值幅度在"行銷"與"財務"明顯高於母公司支援型 6. 育成中心能提供直接協助的項目較屬於「共享服務」，對「廠商專屬知識服務」則透過其事業網路提供間接協助。 7. 廠商與育成中心對「共享服務」良好效果的認知一致。 8. 「廠商專屬知識服務」服務效果的認知，在人才招募、財務支援、建立第二代產品和技術三項較分岐。儀器設備(工研院)、組織管理、行銷規畫服務效果的認知則一致較低。 表 目 錄 8 圖目錄 10 第一章 緒 論 11 第一節 研究目的與動機 11 第二節 研究問題 13 第二章 文獻回顧 14 第一節 高科技產業環境特性與企業生命週期 14 第二節 創業條件 17 第三節 技術創業的核心要件--技術 30 第四節 技術育成中心功能探討 40 第五節 國內一般創業與技術創業文獻整理與比較 48 第三章 研究方法 53 第一節 研究假設 53 第二節 觀念性架構 54 第三節 研究變數 56 第三節 研究設計 57 第四節 研究限制 61 第四章 個案整理 63 第一節 工研院創業育成中心 63 第二節 A公司 70 第三節 B公司 78 第四節 C公司 87 第五節 D公司 96 第六節 台大慶齡創業育成中心 106 第七節 E公司 111 第八節 F公司 122 第五章 個案比較分析 132 第一節 進駐動機 132 第二節 創業團隊背景與技術來源 135 第三節 創業團隊 138 第四節 財務/行政管理 142 第五節 行銷 145 第六節 技術 147 第七節 製造 151 第八節 創業能力的增長 154 第九節 育成中心服務效果認知 158 第六章 研究發現 160 第七章 結論與建議 174 第一節 結論 174 第二節 實務意涵與建議 177 第三節 後續研究建議 181 參考文獻 183 英文部分 183 中文部分 185 附 錄 187 附錄1: 理想創業12構面狀態圖 187 附錄2 : MIAN育成中心實証研究 188 附錄3 : NBIA育成中心實証研究 190 附錄4: 母公司支援型加值分析 193 附錄5: 獨立創業型加值分析 201 / Abstract Incubator becomes more and more popular and is emphasized in innovation policy in most of the countries. To Nurture New Technological Business Firms (NTBFs), incubators need to provide various services to help the NTBFs to grow up fast and successfully. Incubators in Taiwan weren't created until ITRI first established in Aug. 1996. Most local researches remained on the description of value and operation of incubators. Not much researchs have been persued based on the local experiences. In this study we interview tenants in ITRI and National Taiwan University Chin-Lin incubators and incubator's directors. We try to identify the actual value added that are contributed to the NTBFs from initial stage to final stage. The main conclusions are: 1. NTBFs with parent company supporting, have more balance team and better bussiness networking compared to individual entrepreneur. 2. The needs of NTBFs in different types of entrepreneour team(with or without parant company support) are different in product development stage. 3. The needs of NTBFs market development stage are mainly on management, finance, marketing, next generation product or technology. 4. Incubator's supporting are more directly in company image built up, government R&D subsudy, equipment, R&D cooperation and indirectly in management, finance supporting channel, marketing, next generation product & technology development. 5. Common to all NTBFs , the most significant value added by NTBFs themselves and incubator are technology and team building. 6. Individual entrepreneur, compared to parant company suppot type, have significant capability improvement (by NTBF themselves and incubator ) on marketing and finance. 7. The NTBFs in incubators have the same perception of service effect with incubator managers on "shared services". They have different perception on some of "firm specfic services".

高科技產業已經成為台灣極為重要的產業，而代工業務始終在台灣高科技產業佔有重要的角色。台灣未來產業要升級、並發展成為科技大國，除了要注重研發能力，更需要加強行銷能力，尤其是品牌的經營。 為了能夠深入了解高科技企業的品牌策略，本研究經由深度的訪談，來了解高科技企業是如何面對環境的變化與運用本身的條件來自創品牌，而在自創品牌之後，高科技企業是如何運用行銷活動及品牌管理。這樣的完整經營品牌的過程，是本研究所要了解的課題。 台灣目前的高科技產業是以資訊業為主，而宏基電腦為我國資訊業中在自創品牌方面最富盛名的企業，因此本研究選擇宏基電腦為本研究的研究對象。 本研究得到了下列的結論: (1) 就世界趨勢而言，自創品牌是高科技企業應走的路(2) 高科技產品品牌與消費品品牌策略的基本精神相同，主要的差異在於兩種產品的產品本身、銷售的對象以及市場因素(3) 發展高科技企業品牌策略的先決條件為產品條件與決心(4) 高科技企業可以藉由品牌購併及品牌延伸來達到提升品牌價值的目的(5) 高科技企業的品牌行銷活動除了推廣活動之外，尚須加強服務的工作(6) 高科技企業的品牌策略為整體作業活動的整合性設計。 / High-tech industry is the important industry in Taiwan. However, in order to become the "Technology Island", not only should we improve the ability of R&D, but also the ability of marketing, especially branding. The author used personal interview to understand the brand strategy of high-tech enterprise. The brand strategy means how does high-tech enterprise face the environment、 allocate the resource、 design marketing and brand management activities to create a global brand. Computer industry is the major type of Taiwan high-tech industry. Acer, the most famous enterprise of creating global brand in Taiwan computer industry, was chosen the research object. The conclusions of the research are as follows: (1) For the international trend, creating a self-owned brand is necessary for Taiwan high-tech enterprises. (2)The basic ideas between high-tech and consumer brand strategy are simi lar. But the main differences between these two categories are product itself, consumers who buy it, and market factors. (3)The essential conditions for high-tech products branding are products' quality and executives' determination. (4)High-tech enterprise can enhance its brand value by brand acquisition and brand extensions. (5)Beside brand marketing activities, high-tech enterprise should also enforce its services. (6)Branding strategy of high-tech enterprise should be implemented as the integrated redesign of business model.

2002年元月，美國小布希總統宣稱北韓與伊拉克、伊朗，同屬「邪惡軸心」（Axis of Evil）國家，這些國家均係美國列入防止核武擴散之對象，於是北韓與美國關係旋墜落谷底，北韓之鬥爭策略是先昇溫，復加壓，然後迫使美國讓步；北韓復於2006年10月9日，正式對外宣布成功進行地下核武試驗，此舉無疑對東亞及國際安全均帶來衝擊。台灣基於同為亞太國家成員之一，應該理解北韓核武危機所牽動東北亞安全環境變化，以及美國、日本、中國及俄羅斯等國家多邊體系關係，倘北韓核武危機未能圓滿解決，擁核後之北韓除易成為東北亞潛伏威脅外，將引起日本加速武裝。北韓除製造核武問題外，北韓經濟困頓、民不聊生，朝鮮勞動黨為維繫獨裁政權統治，大肆販售飛彈等軍火牟取利益，甚至遭控訴涉及國際間多起販毒、製造假煙及偽造美鈔事件，而台灣位居東亞海空交通樞紐，台灣海峽為北韓船隻往來必經之路，因而有必要瞭解北韓政軍經現況，深入剖析北韓對於國際間衍生種種安全問題，訂定因應措施，以確保國家安全。 由於台灣外交情勢嚴峻，往往無法參與區域性國際組織，北韓乃伺機對台洽購精密儀器或刺探高科技產業技術，使得台灣容易成為北韓覬覦獲得國際管制性物品漏洞，本論文試圖探究並思索如何防止北韓向台灣採購可供軍事用途之精密儀器等用品，或可供生產提昇國防武器裝備之科技機器流向北韓，並配合國際反恐措施予以列管，這樣不僅符合國際利益，而且可以提昇台灣國際形象與國家地位；況且台灣亦有必要隨時瞭解國際上及美、歐等先進國家之最新出口管制措施，從而監督台灣廠商禁止將進口之高科技戰略性物品與生產之精密工具機，輾轉出口至管制地區（包括：伊朗、伊拉克、利比亞、北韓、中國、古巴、蘇丹等國），並配合國際防止擴散組織，共同防止大規模毀滅性武器擴散，形成全球安全之出口管制制度。 / In January 2002, President George W. Bush declared North Korea, Iraq, and Iran as an “axis of evil”. These countries are regarded as subject to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons by the U.S. As a result, the relationship between North Korea and the U.S. has deteriorated. North Korea has attempted to gradually increase pressure to force the U.S. to concede; on October 9, 2006, North Korea officially announced the success of its secret nuclear weapon test, which undoubtedly made a tremendous impact on security in East Asia and the world. As a member of the Asia Pacific Region, Taiwan should understand how security in Northeast Asia changes due to the fact that North Korea is now a country with nuclear weapons. Taiwan should also be aware of the multilateral relations between the U.S., Japan, China, and Russia. Without a satisfactory solution to the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons, Japan may accelerate its military build-up in response to this lurking danger in Northeast Asia. Besides the nuclear weapon issue, North Korea has a poor economy and starving people. The Korean Workers’ Party has been accused of being involved in arms sale (such as missiles), international drug smuggling, counterfeit tobacco products, and counterfeit U.S. banknotes in order to maintain its dictatorship. As Taiwan’s geographic position is vital in the air and sea transport in East Asia, it is imperative for Taiwan to understand North Korea’s politics, armed forces, and economy. Taiwan must analyze and understand international security issues related to North Korea and map out corresponding actions so as to ensure national security. Due to its difficult diplomatic situation, Taiwan is unable to join many regional organizations. Therefore, North Korea takes this opportunity to purchase precision devices or pry into high technology from Taiwan. This makes Taiwan prone to become a legal loophole of which North Korea can take advantage to obtain international control items. This study investigates the ways for Taiwan to prevent North Korea from purchasing precision devices for military use or high-tech machinery that can improve defense weapons. In addition, the study also discusses how Taiwan can have better export control against North Korea by conforming to international anti-terror measures. To follow international principles is not only in line with global interests, but can also improve Taiwan’s international image and status. Therefore, Taiwan must keep itself updated of the latest export control measures implemented by the U.S., Europe, and other advanced countries. By doing so, Taiwan government can also prevent corporations in Taiwan from re-exporting strategic high-tech commodities and related production machinery to controlled territories, such as Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, China, Cuba, and Sudan. With cooperation with international non-proliferation organizations, proliferation of WMDs can be stopped and a comprehensive export control network can be formed to maintain global security.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

Existing research suggests that when consumers encounter hybrid products or boundary-spanning products with attributes belonging to multiple categories, consumers tend to generate inferences based on only a single product category. Reliance on a single category for inferencing is termed as the “single category belief problem” which has been regarded as a vital marketing challenge because it leads consumers to underestimate the true utility of a hybrid product as certain product attributes are ignored. Our objective was to explore whether single category beliefs manifest in consumer choice for a hybrid product when strategically placed within varying contexts. The research used discrete choice experiment (DCE) to test hypotheses. Our research confirms that the single category belief is evident in consumer choice. We also found that the context the hybrid product is placed within has a major influence on what consumers preferred the most. Depending on the context a hybrid product was seen in had significant influence on how consumers evaluated product attributes and made purchase decisions. The findings for this research may be very beneficial for marketers.